The potential impact of breeding strategies to reduce methane output from beef cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Fennessy ◽  
T. J. Byrne ◽  
L. E. Proctor ◽  
P. R. Amer
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Index Theory ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Carbon Cost ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Current Selection ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

The present paper provides an indication (using selection index theory) of the contribution of genetics to a reduction in methane emissions through the current selection for productivity traits (defined as the inherent rate). This is then compared with potential new approaches that incorporate measurements or estimates of methane production as selection criteria. The predicted value of the inherent reduction in methane at a price (all costs and prices are in Australian dollars) of $25/t carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-e; methane × 25) is $0.38/cow mated per year. The direct value of the estimated annual genetic gain in productivity (about $3/cow mated) is about eight times the value of the savings in methane. The value of the carbon savings doubles to ~$0.75 if methane yield (methane per unit feed intake) is included in the index. This is due to a reduction in methane emissions of 0.78% of the mean (1.20 kg methane/cow mated per year at a carbon cost of $25/t CO2-e) which increases to 1.0% at $50/t CO2-e. If selection is on methane alone, the annual response is ~1.45%, which is valued at $1.39 at a price of $25/t CO2-e. However, adoption is less than 100% at the breeder level, so that realised gains will be less than predicted here.

Relative economic importance of some wool quality traits for Merino and crossbred wool types

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Mullaney ◽  
ID Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Selection Index ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Economic Weights ◽  
Australian Wool ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For

The economic weights of various quality traits of both Merino and crossbred wool types hive been estimated. Australian averages of clean wool prices for Australian Wool Board wool types, into which mid-side samples of fleece were classified, have been used.For each of fifteen seasons, 1953-54 to 1967-68, the mean clean wool price for each wool type was expressed as a percentage of the mean wool price for all types in that season. Rank correlations for price-type means were high between seasons, varying between 0.91 and 0.98. Further analyses were therefore performed using prices averaged for the 15 seasons. Multiple regression analyses were carried out, the dependent variable being the mean price for each fleece type, expressed as a percentage of the average price of all types for al) seasons and the independent variables being the measurement of fibre diameter, crimps per inch and length, and the subjective gradings of colour, handle, character, and quality number. For both Merino and crossbred wool types, the major determinants of price were quality number, colour, and handle, with quality number being of overwhelming importance. The remaining variables were not important as joint determinants of price, and were deleted from the analyses. Quality number, colour, and handle controlled about 81 and 86 per cent of the variation in price for Merino and crossbred wool types. It is likely that most progress in selection for wool production would be made by incorporating these findings into a selection index.

scholarly journals 179 Breeding for enhancing feed efficiency in dairy cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 183-184
Author(s):  
Flavio Schenkel ◽  
Luiz Brito ◽  
Hinayah Oliveira ◽  
Tatiane Chud ◽  
David Seymour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Selection For

Abstract Genetically selecting for improved feed efficiency has been recognized by the dairy cattle industry as an important economic and environmental goal. Improved feed efficiency has the potential to significantly reduce costs, improving dairy farmers’ profitability and, at the same time, minimize environmental impact, for example by reducing nutrient loss in manure and methane emissions. Feed efficiency is recognized as a complex trait that may be define in different ways, but it generally describes units of product output per unit of feed required. An overview of genetic selection for improved feed efficiency and international initiatives to implement genomic selection for feed efficiency in dairy cattle is presented. In general, studies have indicated that feed efficiency, defined and assessed in alternative ways, is moderately heritable and genetic selection could be successfully implemented. Various initiatives around the world have worked collaboratively to carried out research and create reference datasets for joint genomic evaluations. An example is the large international Efficient Dairy Genome Project (EDGP) led by Canada. The EDGP database was developed in 2017 to allow data sharing among the international collaborators. Currently, the database contains genotypes and records on feed intake of 5,289 cows and on methane emissions of 1,337 cows from eight research herds in six countries (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Switzerland, United Kingdom and United States). Genetic parameters (heritability and genetic correlations) were estimated for dry matter intake, metabolic body weight and energy corrected milk at two time-periods: a) 5–60 DIM and b) 60–150 DIM. These parameters provide a basis for development of breeding value estimation procedures and subsequent selection index for feed efficiency, which will incorporate genomic information.

scholarly journals A Selection Index for Improving the Carcass Traits in the Pannon Large Rabbit Breed

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1125-1129
Author(s):  
Virág Ács ◽  
István Nagy ◽  
Tamás Donkó
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Current Selection ◽  
Genetic Standard Deviation

Loin muscle volume and hind leg muscle volume measured by computer tomography are economically valuable traits in rabbit breeding. Hence, genetic parameters were calculated to these new selection criteria, and a two-trait selection index was created in order to modify the current selection process of the Pannon large rabbit breed. The evaluated animals (n = 312) were randomly selected from 2014 and 2018, and the total number of animals in the pedigree file was 2758. Loin muscle volume (LMV) and hind leg muscle volume (HLV) were analyzed in a two-trait animal model. The estimated heritability for LMV was h2 = 0.4 and h2 = 0.42 for the HLV respectively. The selection index was created with desired gains by improving each trait in the selection criteria with one additive genetic standard deviation and the final index was Z transformed. Correlation coefficients between the index and the examined traits were high, 0.86 for LMV and 0.87 for HLV, thus this method could be announced into the breeding program.

scholarly journals Evaluation of genomic selection for replacement strategies using selection index theory

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 6499-6509 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P.L. Calus ◽  
P. Bijma ◽  
R.F. Veerkamp
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Index Theory ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Estimation of genetic parameters and selection of Brachiaria humidicola progenies using a selection index

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulisses José de Figueiredo ◽  
José Airton Rodrigues Nunes ◽  
Cacilda Borges do Valle
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for agronomic and nutritive value traits for leaves and stems of Brachiaria humidicola progenies and to compare the selection using an additive index considering the agronomic traits alone or combined with the main nutritive value traits. Fifty progenies of the cross cv. BRS Tupi x H31 were evaluated. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with eight replications. The forage was cut seven times, at intervals of 30 - 35 days in the rainy season and two intervals of 60 days in the dry season. Trait variability among the progenies was confirmed. The mean progeny heritability ranged from 49.14% to 75.56% for the agronomic and from 19.59% to 71.11% for nutritive value traits. Nine of the ten best lines coincided in the selection for agronomic traits alone and in the selection including the main traits of nutritive value.

scholarly journals Selection Criteria for Improving Fertility in Spanish Goat Breeds: Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Designing Selection Indices for Optimal Genetic Responses

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Chiraz Ziadi ◽  
Eva Muñoz-Mejías ◽  
Manuel Sánchez ◽  
María Dolores López ◽  
Olga González-Casquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Index Theory ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Genetic Responses ◽  
Fertility Traits

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for several female fertility criteria and to choose the most suitable selection index in Spanish Florida and Payoya goat breeds. In this study, we analyzed as fertility traits, the age at first kidding (AgFiKid), and the interval between the first and second kiddings (Int12Kid), between the second, third, and remaining kiddings (Int3toKid), and between all kiddings (IntAllKid) in 51,123 and 22,049 Florida and Payoya females, respectively. Genetic parameters were estimated by fitting animal models using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) methodology. We proposed six selection indices to compare the genetic responses for all traits included, based on a new selection index theory. The heritability and repeatability estimates of the traits were low, as expected. The genetic correlations among fertility traits covered a wide range of values from 0.07 (AgFiKid-Int12Kid) to 0.71 (Int3toKid-IntAllKid) in Florida and from −0.02 (AgFiKid-Int12Kid) to 0.82 (Int3toKid-IntAllKid) in Payoya. Overall, the results of this study indicate that IntAllKid gives the highest genetic responses in both breeds but is expressed late in a female’s life. However, AgFiKid and Int12Kid could be recommended as early selection criteria for female fertility in both breeds.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN QUALITY OF SLEEPAND OTHER PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
Umesh kr. Mishra ◽  
Sunita Tiwari ◽  
Sumit Rungta ◽  
Pooja Mishra ◽  
Gulam Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Rem Latency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Nocturnal Polysomnography ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gerd Symptoms

Background: Night time reux has been shown to be associated with fragmented sleep. However, few studies have assessed the quality of sleep on gastroesophageal reux and the impact of gastroesophageal reux on reported quality of sleep and quality of sleep on gastroesophageal reux. The aims of this study were to evaluate the quality of sleep and other parameters in patients with gastroesophageal reux disease.50 Subjects with typical GERD symptoms ≥3 times a week and All subjects were administered 3 questionnaires: PSQI , ESS, GERD-HRQL . All the subjects underwent nocturnal polysomnography and completed a all 3 questionnaire before NPSG. Results: Overall ,the mean percentage of N1 was 9.10±9.74 ,N2 was 83.97±13.81 , N3 was 3.44±4.16 , N4 was 0.60±2.04 , REM was 2.14±3.79 , PSQI was 12.48±1.23 , ESS was 11.80±0.76 , TST (hr) was 5.19±0.74 , SPT(hr) was 6.58±0.77 , sleep efciency(%) was 52.50±27.16 , Latency (mint) was 22.79±30.85 , REM Latency (mints) was 96.99±151.86 ,and Microarousal index was 36.05±25.93 . To assess the potential impact of sleep quality via nocturnal polysomnography on severity of gastroesophageal reux , we performed correlations between the GERD questionnaire and nocturnal polysomnography reports . We observed that PSQI(r= -0.285, p<0.045) , ESS(r=0.206, p=0.05) , N1(r=0.202 , p>0.160) , N2(r=- 0.045 ,p>0.758) , N3(r=-0.079, p>0.583) , N4(r-0.209 ,p>0.145),REM(r=0.045 ,p>0.756) , TST(r=0.036 ,p>0.803), SPT(r=0.015,p>0.917) , Sleep Efciency (r=-0.113,p>0.435) , Sleep Latency (r=-0.045 ,p>0.756), REM Latency (r=0.165, p >0.253), Microarousal index (r=0.058 , p>0.683). Conclusions: Gastroesophageal reux disease and sleep disorders are extremely prevalent conditions, and it seems intuitive that there must be some overlap between the two. Sleep disorders may in fact be one of the most prevalent of the extraesophageal complications of GERD and often goes unrecognized.

scholarly journals Climate change and the occurrence of downy mildew in Brazilian grapevines

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 426-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francislene Angelotti ◽  
Emília Hamada ◽  
Edineide Elisa Magalhães ◽  
Raquel Ghini ◽  
Lucas da Ressureição Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Grapevine Downy Mildew ◽  
Diseased Leaf Area ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Logic Functions

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential impact of climate change on the occurrence of grapevine downy mildew in Brazil. Seedlings containing four to six leaves were sprayed with a sporangia suspension containing 105 sporangia per milliliter. After spraying, the seedlings were subjected to temperatures of 26, 28, 29.1, 30.4, and 31.8°C for 24 hours. The percentage of diseased leaf area and the latent period were evaluated. Maps of the geographic and temporal distribution of the disease were made considering the monthly average of the mean air temperature and leaf wetness duration for the reference climate or climate normal (1961-1990) and the future climates (2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100), considering the A2 and B1 gas emission scenarios, designed by the Intergovernamental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Favorability ranges were set and used in logic functions of the geografical information system (GIS) to generate monthly maps for grapevine downy mildew. Rising temperatures interfered with the grapevine downy mildew infections, reduced the disease severity, and increased the latent period. Future climate scenarios indicate a reduction of favorability of downy mildew in Brazil, with variability in the different grape producing regions.

scholarly journals Pengembangan bahan ajar berbasis muatan lokal pada mata kuliah Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Emil El Faisal ◽  
Sulkipani Sulkipani
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Local Content ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
History Department

This research aimed at (1) developing teaching materials based on local content for Civic Education in University; and (2) describing the potential impact of local content on student consciousness on local culture. It was a developmental research. The subject were student registered in Civic Education Course (Mata Kuliah PKn) at History Department. Pilot project was validated through one to one, small group, and field evaluation. The analyzed result indicates that the developed instrument was valid and has potential impact. Supported data shows that the mean score prior to implementation was 6.86 and after implementation was 7.73. In other words, there was an increasing student achievement before and after its implementation. Accordingly, we suggest that this developed material could be implemented widely.

scholarly journals A REAL PERSONNEL SELECTION PROBLEM USING THE GENERALIZED CHOQUET INTEGRAL METHODOLOGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 694-716
Author(s):  
Yavuz ÖZDEMİR ◽  
Kemal Gökhan NALBANT
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Choquet Integral ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Selection Problem ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

The main objective in the selection of personnel is to select the most appropriate candidate for a job. Personnel selection for human resources management is a very important issue.The aim of this paper is to determine the best-performing personnel for promotion using an application of a Multi Criteria Decision Making(MCDM) method, generalized Choquet integral, to a real personnel selection problem of a case study in Turkey and 17 alternatives are ranked according to personnel selection criteria (22 subcriteria are classified under 5 main criteria). The main contribution of this paper is to determine the interdependency among main criteria and subcriteria, the nonlinear relationship among them and the environmental uncertainties while selecting personnel alternatives using the generalized Choquet integral method with the experts’ view. To the authors’ knowledge, this will be the first study which uses the generalized Choquet Integral methodology for human resources. 

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