Effect of heat load and dietary protein on oxygen pulse and energy cost for locomotion in heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1611
Author(s):  
E. E. L. Valente ◽  
V. T. Filipini ◽  
L. C. Araújo ◽  
M. Stahlhofer ◽  
B. V. R. Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Pulse ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Black Globe Temperature

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effect of heat load, bodyweight and dietary protein on oxygen pulse of heifers, to obtain the energy cost of walking on flat and sloping terrain, and to compare the energy cost of heifers during continuous walking and intermittent walking. In Experiment 1, the correlations of oxygen consumption, heart rate and oxygen pulse (O2P) with bodyweight, black globe temperature and temperature and humidity index were examined. Moreover, the effect of dietary protein on O2P was evaluated. The temperature and humidity index and black globe temperature had a low positive correlation with O2P and oxygen consumption, and a low negative correlation with heart rate. However, weight had no correlation with O2P. There was a linear increase in O2P with a very low adjustment with an increasing dietary crude protein concentration. In Experiment 2, the energy cost of heifers walking continuously at a constant speed in a terrain with 0%, 6% and 12% gradient was measured. The energy expenditure was similar among the terrain gradients. The heifers walking had a 16.6% higher energy expenditure than when they were standing. In Experiment 3, a comparison of the energy cost was made among heifers standing, continuously walking and intermittently walking at a constant speed on flat ground. The energy cost for walking was similar between continuous and intermittent walking. The heat load, bodyweight and dietary protein concentration had a low effect on O2P in dairy heifers. Therefore, measurements over a short time (5–15 min) are a reliable estimator of O2P through the day. Both intermittent and continuous walking can be used to evaluate energy expenditure.

scholarly journals Microclimate in silvipastoral systems with eucalyptus in rank with different heights

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wander de Souza ◽  
Orlando Rus Barbosa ◽  
Jair de Araújo Marques ◽  
Marco Aurélio Teixeira Costa ◽  
Eliane Gasparino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Heat Load Index ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Black Globe Temperature

The aim of this work was to verify if the presence of trees and its height in formed silvipastoral systems with eucalyptus planted in rank can modify the microclimate and improve the environment for bovine raising during the day in summer. It was evaluated the microclimate of the environment in formed silvipastoral systems in rank of eucalyptus with 8 m, 18 m and 28 meters of height, compared to a system no shade in the summer. The experimental design was a split plot with six hour time in sub parcels. The systems are made up of parcels and the months as block in four replications and the interaction hour × system. The air temperature, black globe temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were observed to create the following indexes for thermal comfort: temperature-humidity index; black globe-humidity index; heat load index and the radiant thermal load. Excepted for the relative humidity, there was interaction for time × system for all variables and indexes. Interaction occurred for: air temperature at 10 a.m. and 6 p.m.; wind speed from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.; temperature humidity index at 10 a.m. and 12 p.m.; black globe temperature, black globe humidity index, heat load index, and radiant thermal load at all the hours. During the summer, the system with shade of 28 m trees had the lowest average of black globe temperature; wind speed; black globe humidity index; radiant thermal load index; and heat load index. There was a reduction of wind speed average in systems 8 m, 18 m and 28 m trees in, respectively, 20.7; 50.0 and 48.0% in relation to no shade system; however it was not proportional to the height, with influence of the rank porosity and pantries height. Nevertheless, for radiant thermal load index the reduction was proportional to the height of the trees with 10.24; 12.49 and 20.76%, respectively, for 8 m, 18 m and 28 meters of height. There was a reduction of the thermal stress in the environment due to the presence of trees, being the heat load index thermal the index that better demonstrated the effect, despite of not being proportional to the rank height.

Effect of solar radiation on the heat load of dairy heifers.

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Yamamoto ◽  
BA Young ◽  
BP Purwanto ◽  
F Nakamasu ◽  
T Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Skin Surface Temperature ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Black Globe Temperature

Thermoregulatory responses of Holstein heifers were studied under direct solar radiation and shade conditions during summer and autumn periods in southern Japan. The data were used to predict the contribution to effective temperature (ET) of solar radiation. The amount of solar radiation, including both direct and indirect sources, was estimated from black globe temperature (GT). There was no effect of solar radiation on the rate of heat production nor heart rate of the heifers. Rectal temperature increased significantly under no shade conditions during the summer period. Respiration rate (RR) and mean skin surface temperature paralleled changes in dry bulb temperature (DBT) and GT. The ET in the test situations, using RR and mean body temperature (Tb) as physiological indices, was predicted as: ET(DBT, GT) = 0.24DBT + 0 76GT. This equation indicates that solar radiation as measured by black globe temperature contributes substantially more to the heat load on animals than does dry bulb temperature.

scholarly journals WHICH IS THE BEST WAY TO PERFORM THE PHYSIOLOGICAL COST INDEX IN ACTIVE INDIVIDUALS WITH UNILATERAL TRANS-TIBIAL AMPUTATION?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Brunelli ◽  
Andrea Sancesario ◽  
Marco Iosa ◽  
Anna Sofia Delussu ◽  
Noemi Gentileschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
Fitness Training ◽  
Energy Cost Of Walking

BACKGROUND: Physiological Cost Index (PCI) is a simple method used to estimate energy expenditure during walking. It is based on a ratio between heart rate and self-selected walking speed. Previous studies reported that PCI is reliable in individuals with lower limb amputation but only if there is an important walking impairment. No previous studies have investigated the correlation of PCI with the Energy Cost Walking (ECW) in active individuals with traumatic unilateral trans-tibial amputation, considering that this particular category of amputees has an ECW quite similar to healthy individual without lower limb amputation. Moreover, it is important to determine if PCI is also correlated to ECW in the treadmill test so as to have an alternative to over-ground test. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between PCI and ECW in active individuals with traumatic trans-tibial amputation in different walking conditions. The secondary aim was to evaluate if this correlation permits to determine ECW from PCI values. METHODOLOGY: Ninety traumatic amputees were enrolled. Metabolic data, heart rate and walking speed for the calculation of ECW and for PCI were computed over-ground and on a treadmill with 0% and 12% slopes during a 6-minute walking test. FINDINGS: There is a significant correlation between ECW and PCI walking over-ground (p=0.003; R2=0.10) and on treadmill with 12% slopes (p=0.001; R2=0.11) but there is only a poor to moderate correlation around the trendline. No significant correlation was found walking on treadmill with 0% slope. The Bland-Altman plot analysis suggests that is not possible to evaluate ECW directly from PCI. CONCLUSIONS: PCI is a reliable alternative measure of energy expenditure during walking in active individuals with trans-tibial amputation when performing over-ground or at high intensity effort on treadmill. PCI is therefore useful only for monitoring a within subject assessment. LAYMAN’S ABSTRACT The knowledge of the energy cost of walking in disabled people is important to improve strategies of rehabilitation or fitness training and to develop new prosthetic and orthotic components. The “gold standard” for the evaluation of the energy cost of walking is the oxygen consumption measurement with a metabolimeter, but the testing procedure is expensive and time consuming, hardly practicable in many rehabilitation centers. The Physiological Cost Index (PCI) is an indirect tool that evaluates the oxygen consumption during walking. PCI considers heart rate during walking, in relation to the speed, as an indicator of energy expenditure. The formula is “walking heart rate – resting heart rate /speed”. PCI is widely used in literature but there is not a solid evidence of a direct correlation between PCI and energy cost of walking. In particular, for individuals with unilateral trans-tibial amputation without comorbidities, no previous studies have been conducted about this correlation. It has to be noticed that individuals with unilateral trans-tibial amputation have an energy cost of walking quite similar to healthy people. Previous studies reported that in healthy people such correlation does not exist. For this reason, the aim of this study was to evaluate if and in which walking condition a linear correlation exists between PCI and Energy Cost Walking in individuals with unilateral trans-tibial amputation. Oxygen consumption measurement with a metabolimeter and PCI were computed over-ground and on a treadmill with 0% and 12% slopes during a 6-minute walking test in 90 participants. We have found that PCI is an alternative measure of energy cost of walking when performing over-ground or with high intensity effort on treadmill (12% slope). These findings could be useful when PCI is used for monitoring a fitness training or for evaluation tests. Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/32953/25717 How to Cite: Brunelli S, Sancesario A, Iosa M, Delussu A.S, Gentileschi N, Bonanni C, Foti C, Traballesi M. Which is the best way to perform the Physiological Cost Index in active individuals with unilateral trans-tibial amputation? Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal. Volume2, Issue1, No.5, 2019. https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v2i1.32953. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Dr. Stefano Brunelli,Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy.ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5986-1564Tel. +39 0651501844; Fax +39 0651501919E-MAIL: [email protected]

scholarly journals Energy expenditure of trans-tibial amputees during ambulation at self-selected pace

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Gailey ◽  
M. A. Wenger ◽  
M. Raya ◽  
N. Kirk ◽  
K. Erbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
The Self ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Subject Pool

The purpose of this investigation was two-fold: 1) to compare the metabolic cost (VO2), heart rate (HR), and self-selected speed of ambulation of trans-tibial amputees (TTAs) with those of non-amputee subjects; and 2) to determine whether a correlation exists between either stump length or prosthesis mass and the energy cost of ambulation at the self-selected ambulation pace of TTAs. Subjects were thirty-nine healthy male non-vascular TTAs between the ages of 22 and 75 years (mean ± sd = 47 ± 16). All had regularly used their prosthesis for longer than six months and were independent of assistive ambulation devices. Twenty-one healthy non-amputee males aged 27–47 years (31 ± 6) served as controls. Subjects ambulated at a self-selected pace over an indoor course, with steady-state VO2, HR, and ambulation speed averaged across minutes seven, eight and nine of walking. Results showed that HR and VO2 for TTAs were 16% greater, and the ambulation pace 11% slower than the non-amputee controls. Significant correlations were not observed between stump length or prosthesis mass and the energy cost of ambulation. However, when the TTA subject pool was stratified on the basis of long and short stump length, the former sustained significantly lower steady-state VO2 and HR than the latter while walking at comparable pace. These data indicate that stump length may influence the metabolic cost of ambulation in TTAs.

scholarly journals CONFORTO TÉRMICO E DESEMPENHO DE POEDEIRAS NA FASE INICIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-394
Author(s):  
Fabiana Terezinha Leal de Morais ◽  
José Pinheiro Lopes Neto ◽  
Adriana Maria dos Santos ◽  
Patrício Gomes Leite ◽  
Raissa Gonçalves Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Black Globe Temperature ◽  
Poultry Farming

CONFORTO TÉRMICO E DESEMPENHO DE POEDEIRAS NA FASE INICIAL   FABIANA TEREZINHA LEAL DE MORAIS1, JOSÉ PINHEIRO LOPES NETO2, ADRIANA MARIA DOS SANTOS3, PATRÍCIO GOMES LEITE4, RAISSA GONÇALVES CAVALCANTI5   1Doutoranda em Engenharia Agrícola: Lacra, UFCG, Avenida Assis Chateaubriand, 101, Liberdade,58414-060, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil. [email protected]. 2 Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola: Lacra, UFCG, R. Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, 58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, [email protected]. 3 Mestra em Engenharia Agrícola: Lacra, UFCG, R. Alencar Pires de almeida, 07 – Centro, 58748-000, Água Branca, Paraíba, [email protected]. 4 Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola: Lacra, UFCG, R. Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, 58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, [email protected] 5 Mestra em Engenharia Agrícola: Lacra, UFCG, R. Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, 58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, [email protected].   RESUMO: Tendo em vista a importância do conforto térmico na avicultura de postura no Brasil, o objetivo geral destapesquisa foi avaliar o conforto térmico no galpão (pinteiro), localizado em uma granja comercial no município de Cuité (PB). A avaliação foi realizada com base nos dados de Índice da Temperatura do Globo Negro e Umidade (ITGU), avaliando o desempenho das pintainhas relacionado ao ganho de peso e as coletas de dados foram realizadas diariamente.Foi utilizado um galpão destinado para a fase de cria para aves da linhagem Lohmann LSL no período da terceira semana para desenvolvimento das aves, avaliando os valores de ITGU e comparando àqueles indicados pela literatura. Como resultados, observamos que foi possível manter as faixas de conforto térmicas bem próximas ao recomendado, e o ganho de peso mantiveram-se abaixo do indicado pelo manual da linhagem, os animais submetidos a condições térmicas adversas apresentaram menor ganho de peso.   Palavras-chave: ambiência, conforto térmico, ganho de peso.   THERMAL COMFORT AND POISER PERFORMANCE IN THE INITIAL PHASE (CRIA)   ABSTRACT: Considering the importance of thermal comfort in poultry farming in Brazil. The aim of this research was to evaluate the thermal comfort in the shed (pestle), located in a commercial farm in the municipality of Cuité - PB. The evaluation was performed based on the data of air temperature (ºC), relative humidity of the air (%), the black globe temperature for determination of the Black Globe Temperature and Humidity Index (ITGU). Weight gain on chicks and data collection were performed daily. The shed for the breeding phase of the Lohmann LSL line was used in the third week for bird development, evaluating the ITGU values and comparing to those indicated in the literature, we observed that it was possible to keep the thermal comfort bands very close to the recommended one, and the weight gain remained distant to that indicated by the lineage manual, the animals submitted to adverse thermal conditions showed less weight gain.   Keywords: ambience, thermal comfort, weight gain.

scholarly journals Welfare and spatial distribution of noise levels in swine nursery

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-202
Author(s):  
Flavio A. Damasceno ◽  
Carlos E. A. Oliveira ◽  
Gabriel A. e S. Ferraz ◽  
João A. C. do Nascimento ◽  
Jairo A. O. Saraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Black Globe Temperature

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the welfare and spatial distribution of noise levels in a swine nursery during the first three weeks of animal’s life. The climatic conditions were evaluated through the dry-bulb temperature (Tdb), relative humidity (RH) and black globe temperature and humidity index (BGHI) and allowed us to observe that the heating system influenced the conditions in the environment, and the use of the air conditioning system did not guarantee animal’s comfort conditions. The analysis on the spatial distribution of noise levels was performed using geostatistics and demonstrated the occurrence of spatial variability inside the facilities. The highest frequencies of noise levels were concentrated between 60 and 70 dB, and the highest noise values were observed near the fans. The mean BGHI values were below the thermal comfort range for piglets in all systems tested.

scholarly journals Energy Expenditure during Acute Weight Training Exercises in Healthy Participants: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6687
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adeel ◽  
Chien-Hung Lai ◽  
Chun-Wei Wu ◽  
Jiunn-Horng Kang ◽  
Jian-Chiun Liou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Weight Training ◽  
Trained Group ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Exercises

Energy expenditure during weight training exercises produces great fitness and health benefits for humans, but few studies have investigated energy expenditure directly during weight training. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine energy costs during three training sessions consisting of three different exercises. Ten participants were randomly allocated into two groups: an untrained (n = 5, with no weight training experience) and a trained group (n = 5, with some weight training experience). Each participant completed three training sessions on separate days. While wearing a mask for indirect calorimetric measurements, each participant participated in training sessions conducted with three dumbbell exercises: the bent-over row, deadlift, and lunge. Metabolic equivalents (METs), energy expenditure (EE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. The total energy cost was calculated from the oxygen consumption (VO2) during each exercise. Our results showed that the METs of a single training session were 3.3 for the untrained group and 3.4 for the trained group, while the sum of the EE was 683–688 and 779–840 kcal, respectively. The physiological parameters, such as heart rate (p = 0.001 *) for the lunge and rate of perceived exertion (p = 0.005 *) for the bent-over row, changed significantly in both groups. It was concluded that the exercise protocol of this study involved a moderate intensity of 2.4–3.9 METs. The energy cost of each training exercise was between 179 and 291 kcal.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Responses and Exercise Intensity During A Prolonged 4-Hour Individual Cycling Race among Japanese Recreational Cyclists

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Takashi Nakagata ◽  
Shinichiro Murade ◽  
Shizuo Katamoto ◽  
Hisashi Naito
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Professional Cyclist ◽  
Endurance Cycling ◽  
Vigorous Intensity

Heart rate (HR) during different endurance cycling races and events are investigated for professional cyclist, however, enduro races to compete for total laps and distance covered within a fixed time using a circuit course has not yet been investigated. This study examined the heart rate (HR) and exercise intensity during an enduro cycling race. Ten male Japanese amateur cyclists performed cycling individually for at least 2 consecutive hours. HR was measured using an HR monitor during the race, and we estimated the energy expenditure (EE) during the race using the HR–VO2 relationship in advance. Exercise intensities were defined as percentages of HRmax based on ACSM exercise guideline as follows: moderate intensity, 64–76% HRmax; vigorous intensity, 77–95% HRmax. The HR during the race was 158.9 ± 10.6 bpm (86.4 ± 2.2% HRmax), and exercise intensity is categorized as vigorous intensity. The EE during the race using HR–VO2 relationship were 12.9 ± 1.2 kcal/kg/hr, which would require a large energy expenditure (EE) during the race. However, energy cost was 0.36 ± 0.04 kcal/kg/km regardless of total distance. The findings indicate that enduro cycling racing is categorized as vigorous intensity (>77% HRmax) for healthy male recreational cyclists though, cycling is an efficient form of transportation.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary protein concentration and ambient temperature on the energy, protein and water metabolism of the rat

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Harri ◽  
J. M. Brockway
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
High Water ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Water Metabolism ◽  
Brown Adipose

1. Groups of rats (n 8) were offered, to appetite, diets containing 10 (LP), 25 (MP) and 45 (HP)% of gross energy as protein energy from 45 d of age to slaughter 50 d later. At 53 d of age, half the rats on each diet were left at 22°while the other half were transferred to 6°. Water balances were measured daily, and digestibilities of energy and nitrogen and the metabolizability of the diets were measured for each rat over a 7 d period at some stage between the age of 74 and 95 d. The rats were slaughtered at day 95 and their carcasses were analysed for protein, lipid, energy and ash contents. Energy expenditure was calculated as the difference between metabolizable energy intake and energy retained.2. Growth performance was best on the MP diet at both temperatures. At 22° the rate of gain of body-weight and of energy retention, although not of protein, were slightly reduced on the HP diet while overall performance was markedly inferior on the LP diet. At 6° the LP diet, while not so good as the MP diet, led to significantly better all-round growth performance than did the HP diet. Cold increased the energy expenditure of the rats by 50% (109–138 kJ/d); the increase was greater for the LP group than for the HP group.3. Intrascapular brown adipose tissue hypertrophied in response to cold and to the LP diet.4. Adrenal gland size was significantly increased by cold exposure and by increasing level of dietary protein concentration.5. Urine volume was more closely related to the intake of protein than to that of energy. Urinary N concentration for the HP rats was approximately double that for those on the LP diet. Cold-exposed rats had a high water content in their fat-free carcasses, but there were no differences between the dietary treatments.

scholarly journals Port de combinaison et depense energétique lors d'un enchaînement natation-cyclisme

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Delextrat ◽  
Thierry Bernard ◽  
Christophe Hausswirth ◽  
Fabrice Vercruyssen ◽  
Jeanick Brisswalter
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Cycling Efficiency ◽  
Dépense Énergétique

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of swimming with a wetsuit on energy expenditure during subsequent cycling. Nine well-trained triathletes underwent three submaximal trials. The first trial (SC) consisted of a 750-m swim realised at a competition pace, followed by a 10-min cycling exercise at a power output corresponding to the ventilatory threshold +5%. The two other trials were composed of the same cycling exercise, preceded either by a 750-m swim with a wetsuit (WSC) or by a cycling warm-up (Ctrl). The main results are that the WSC trial was characterised by significantly lower swimming cadence (−14%), heart rate (−11%), and lactate values (−47%) compared to the SC trial, p < 0.05. Moreover, cycling efficiency was significantly higher in the WSC trial compared to the SC trial (12.1% difference, p < 0.05). The lower relative intensity observed during swimming with a wetsuit suggest the relative importance of swimming condition on the total performance in a sprint triathlon. Key words: triathlon, energy cost, cycling efficiency, locomotion

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