Effect of body condition and melatonin implants, inserted at different times of the year, on ovarian activity in goats maintained without male contact from the time of implantation

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1048
Author(s):  
María de Lourdes Gallego-Calvo ◽  
María Carolina Gatica ◽  
José Luis Guzmán ◽  
Luis A. Zarazaga
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Entire Experimental Period ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Moment

The aim of the present work was to asses (1) whether body condition (BC) and (2) melatonin implants, inserted at different times of the year between the winter and summer solstices, have an effect on seasonal ovulatory activity in goats without presence of males. Sixty-six Blanca Andaluza does were divided into six groups. Five of these received a melatonin implant on either 18 December (n = 10), 3 February (n = 12), 19 March (n = 12), 30 April (n = 11) or 11 June (n = 11). Following this procedure, the does were completely isolated from bucks. Another 10 goats (YEAR group) were used to monitor natural annual ovarian activity; these females were completely isolated from males over the entire experimental period (from 18 December of one year until 17 December of the next year). Half the does of each group had a low body condition score (BC; ≤2.50; 2.46 ± 0.02), and half had a high BC (≥3.00; 3.24 ± 0.04). Ovulatory activity was monitored via the progesterone concentrations determined in blood samples collected twice per week for 4 months following melatonin implantation, and over 12 months for the YEAR group. Over 46% of the females showed ovarian activity after the melatonin treatment, ranging from the lowest response in December (30%) and the highest one in February (75%) without differences between the dates of melatonin insertion (P > 0.05). However, the response to the melatonin implant was higher in the females with a high BC than in females with a low BC (63% vs 31% for high and of low BC respectively, P < 0.05). The present results indicated that melatonin implants induce ovarian activity in does in the absence of male contact. The moment of melatonin implantation did not modify ovulatory activity. However, the ovulatory response to melatonin implants was higher in the females with a BC of ≥3.00.

8 Evaluation of puberty induction protocol in peripubertal beef heifers prior to fixed-time AI programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
J. B. S. Borges ◽  
D. S. V. Luiz ◽  
P. R. L. Aguiar ◽  
C. G. B. Berlitz ◽  
G. S. Velho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Condition Score

Beef heifers that conceive early during their first breeding season calve earlier, wean heavier calves, and tend to continue doing so throughout the rest of their reproductive lives. Otherwise, under extensively managed systems in Southern Brazil, only a variable proportion of 2-year-old beef heifers reach puberty before the start of the breeding season. The aim of this study was to evaluate a protocol to induce puberty in peripubertal beef heifers using injectable progesterone (P4) and oestradiol cypionate (EC) to improve pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in fixed-time AI (FTAI) programs. A total of 311 Angus heifers, 24±3 months of age, 3.1±0.3 body condition score (1=emaciated; 5=obese), and 328±41kg of body weight (BW), were examined before FTAI protocol (Day −24) by transrectal ultrasonography to determine reproductive tract score (RTS; 1=prepubertal; 5=pubertal). Prepubertal heifers (RTS 1; 12.8%, 40/311) were excluded from the study. Heifers with RTS=2 (n=271) were assigned to 2 groups: P4 (RTS 2 or 3, n=100) and cyclic (RTS 4 and 5, n=171). Peripubertal heifers were treated on Day −24 with 150mg of injectable P4 IM (Sincrogest® injectable, Ourofino Animal Health, Cravinhos, Brazil) and on Day −12 received 1mg of EC IM (Sincro CP®, Ourofino Animal Health). Cyclic heifers received no hormonal treatment before FTAI protocol. On Day 0, heifers in the P4 group were evaluated again to determine RTS, body condition score, and BW. Induction of puberty was defined by the presence of a follicle >8.5mm (RTS=4) or a corpus luteum (RTS=5). All heifers received an FTAI protocol consisting of 2mg of oestradiol benzoate IM (Sincrodiol®, Ourofino Animal Health) and an intravaginal progesterone implant (1 g; Sincrogest®, Ourofino Animal Health). On Day 8, heifers had implants removed and were injected with 1mg of EC and 500µg of sodium cloprostenol IM (Sincrocio®, Ourofino Animal Health). After 48h, all heifers received an FTAI. Thirty days after AI, the diagnosis of gestation was performed by ultrasonography. Statistics included chi-square and linear regression with coefficients analysed as independent variables, considering a significant P-value of 0.05. On Day 0, percentages of RTS 5, 4, and 3 in the P4 heifers were 37, 27, and 36%, respectively, resulting in 64% of puberty induction. The P/AI was similar (P=0.14) in P4-treated and cyclic heifers (59v. 50.3%, respectively). The regression analysis presented a linear and positive effect of BW on P/AI (P<0.001) in cyclic heifers and a positive influence of BW on RTS (P=0.05) and RTS on P/AI (P=0.008) in P4-treated heifers. The application of RTS system associated with P4 treatment of peripubertal heifers before FTAI protocol improved ovarian activity and might have contributed to higher P/AI, comparable with that achieved in cyclic heifers.

scholarly journals Distribution of dominant follicles in postpartum dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
Benjamin Cengic ◽  
Nazif Varatanovic ◽  
Tarik Mutevelic ◽  
Amel Cutuk ◽  
Ermin Saljic
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Diagnostic Ultrasound ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Pathological Effect ◽  
Condition Score

Clinical and subclinical disorders and diseases cause reproductive failures and decline in milk production. Etiology of disorders is mainly because of pathological effect of microorganisms, lapses in nutrition and lodging, as well as in management. After partrition, body is under stress and milk yield is highest, which favors appearance of metabolic and infective diseases. Status of puerperium, number of lactation, body condition score and season of parturition, have highest effect to cyclic ovarian activity. Regular development of dominant follicles, ovulation, formation of corpus luteum and luteolysis is necessary for establishment of regular cyclic ovarian activity, which leads to better fertility. Experiment had included 50 cows during first 52 days of lactation. Cows were separated in two main groups, those with normal puerperium - NP (n=32) and abnormal puerperium - AP (n=18). Examinations have been performed during period of 6 to 52 days postpartum. Ovarian dominant follicles have been observed using diagnostic ultrasound linear scanner. The highest number of dominant follicles are present during first two examinations, then their number declines and later in last two examinations rise again. Decrease in number of dominant follicles in both groups is most expressed in period of 14-30 days. During first examination, left ovaries have more dominant follicles, compared with right ovaries, while during later examinations, it is changed in favor of right ovaries. Increased number of vital dominant follicles from period 38-45 days postpartum and absence of abnormal uterine content in lumen in same period postpartum is sign of upcoming fertile estrus.

scholarly journals COMPARISONS OF SOME REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS IN RED SOKOTO AND KANO BROWN BREEDS OF BUCKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
I. S. BUTSWAT ◽  
D. T. ZAHARADDEEN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Some reproductive parameters of one-year-old 20 of each Red Sokoto and Kano Brown bucks were investigated. For the Red Sokoto and Kano Brown breeds of bucks, the mean (±S.E.) body weight, body condition score, scrotal circumference, testes weight, testes volume, epididymal length, epididymal volume, epididymal weight, testes sperm and epididymal sperm were 13.84± 0.54 vs 11.69 ± 0.35kg, 2.15±0.08 vs 2.10± 0.07, 19.83± 0.36 vs 18.27± 0.49cm, 36.41± 1.89 vs 29.70±1.98g, 35.63± 1.87 vs 29.48± 1.9ml, 10.67±0.20 vs 9.66± 0.25cm, 6.16± 0.23 vs 5.44±0.31ml 6.46± 0.24 vs 5.53± 0.34g, 0.24± 0.02 vs 0.16± 0.01 x 109 and 2.47± 0.16 vs 1.59± 0.16 x 109 respectively, and were significantly different between the breeds. The percentage epididymal segments mass and sperm were also depicted. There were highly significant correlations between many of the reproductive parameters in both breeds. The Red Sokoto bucks seem more adapted than the Kano Brown in terms of their reproductive make-up.

scholarly journals Do Live Weight, Body Condition Score, Back Muscle or Back-Fat Reserves Create the Suspicion of Goats Infected with Eimeria or Trichostrongylids?

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3591
Author(s):  
Martin Ptáček ◽  
Iveta Angela Kyriánová ◽  
Jana Nápravníková ◽  
Jaromír Ducháček ◽  
Tomáš Husák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
One Year

Thirty goats of the breeds Czech Brown Shorthaired and Czech White Shorthaired and their crosses were randomly selected from a flock at a farm in the Czech Republic. All animals were monitored for one year at monthly intervals for their nutritional status (live weight, LW; body-condition score, BCS; depth of musculus longissimus thoracis et lumborum, MLTL; back-fat thickness, BT) and infection intensity with Eimeria sp. (EIM) and strongylid nematodes (STR). Regression–correlation analysis showed a possible interrelation of BCS with EIM infection. Analysis of muscle and fat reserves indicated that BT was better than MLTL in identifying EIM infection. Goat nutritional status was not significantly correlated with STR infection. A linear tendency (p = 0.092), however, was detected for the response of MLTL to STR infection. Results of this study indicated theoretical use of BCS for Eimeria identification and suggested some perspective of BCS for targeting animals infected by strongylid nematode. Validity of our results, however, was limited by number of observed animals managed under specific breeding conditions.

Effects of body condition, food intake and temporary calf separation on the duration of the post-partum anoestrous period and associated LH, FSH and prolactin concentrations in beef cows

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Wright ◽  
S. M. Rhind ◽  
A. J. F. Russel ◽  
T. K. Whyte ◽  
Alison J. McBean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Condition Score

ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted to examine factors affecting the length of the post-partum anoestrous period and associated effects on LH, FSH and prolactin. Forty-six cows (24 Hereford × Friesian and 22 Blue-Grey) ranging in body condition score at calving from 1·50 to 2·75 were used. They were individually fed chopped barley straw and concentrate at either 50 (low) or 91 (high) MJ metabolizable energy per day from calving. At 34 days post partum half the cows were separated from their calves for 48 h. The duration of the post-partum anoestrous period was estimated from progesterone concentrations in thrice weekly blood samples. Blood samples were collected every 20 min for 10 h periods immediately prior to calf separation, during the last 10 h of calf separation and 1 week later. All samples were analysed for LH, and every third sample was analysed for FSH and prolactin.There were no significant effects of genotype, feeding level or calf separation on the length of the post-partum anoestrous period. There was a negative association between body condition score at calving and the length of the anoestrous period, with each unit increase in body condition score reducing the anoestrous period by 43 (s.e. 20) days. There was some evidence that feeding level affected the number of thin cows (body condition score ≤2·25 at calving) which were still acyclic at the end of the experiment, but not the number of fat cows (body condition score ≥2·5 at calving).FSH levels were not affected by any of the factors examined. Prolactin concentrations were higher in fatter cows, in cows on the higher level of feeding and in Blue-Grey cows. Prolactin concentrations decreased during the period of calf separation. Genotype and feeding level had no effect on LH concentration or LH pulse frequency. LH pulse frequency was increased (P < 0·05) during the period of calf separation, but there was no effect 1 week later. There was a significant positive relationship between LH puise frequency and body condition score at calving in two of the three sampling periods.It is suggested that the effect of body condition on the duration of the post-partum anoestrous period i s mediated through effects on LH pulse frequency.

scholarly journals Factors affecting postpartum ovarian activity of goats in tropical semi-arid region

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 330-345
Author(s):  
Thiago Nascimento ◽  
Edilson Soares Lopes Junior ◽  
Mayara De Souza Miranda ◽  
Thais Thatiane dos Santos Souza ◽  
Ana Arlete de Amorim Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Semi Arid

There have been few studies on the use of diets and strategies to reduce the length of postpartum anoestrus in dairy goats, especially in tropical semi-arid regions. This review discusses the factors influencing the return of postpartum ovarian activity in goats. During the postpartum period, goats are in puerperal anoestrus and their reproductive tract is being prepared for a new conception. Anoestrus is necessary for tissue renewal in the uterus (uterine involution) associated with the return of cyclic ovarian activity, and is influenced by factors such as suckling of the offspring, social interactions, body condition score (BCS) before and after birth, intensity of negative energy balance (NEB) and stress from adverse climatic conditions. The anoestrus period can be extended by delays in the resumption of reproductive activity of females in puerperium. The duration of puerperal anoestrus in goats directly affects the productivity of the herd and is mainly influenced by nutrition, lactation period and heat stress. To minimize the negative effects of postpartum anoestrus on productivity, we recommend a mating season and a plan for the kidding period, as well as a program to monitor the body condition score during pregnancy so that the animals will have a better BCS at parturition. To minimize the effects of a negative energy balance, we suggest nutritional supplementation with levels of energy above the requirements for maintenance. Highlights The duration of postpartum anoestrus in goats is influenced by nutrition and body condition score. Heat stress can intensify the negative energy balance, consequently increased the period of anoestrus. Puerperal anoestrus occurs as a result of tissue renewal in the uterus. Suckling of the offspring associated with the period of lactation and social interactions can modified the puerperal anoestrus period. Use of diets and strategies to reduce the postpartum anoestrus in goats.

scholarly journals Effect of Body Condition Score, Treatment Period and Month of the Previous Lambing on the Reproductive Resumption of Melatonin-Treated Sarda Breed Sheep during Spring

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1898
Author(s):  
Luisa Pulinas ◽  
Giovanni Cosso ◽  
Maria Consuelo Mura ◽  
Melissa Carvajal-Serna ◽  
Hatem Ouled Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Period ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
The Third ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Rearing Techniques ◽  
Breed Sheep

Stakeholders place great emphasis upon rationalizing the management and rearing techniques which are utilized within sheep farms. The present study aimed to investigate factors which may improve the reproductive performance of melatonin-treated Sardinian sheep via a series of three trials. The first trial (n = 100) investigated the effect of melatonin treatment alongside body condition score (BCS), the second trial (n = 150) investigated the effect of treatment alongside the date of treatment (treatment period) and the third trial (n = 150) investigated the effect of treatment alongside the previous lambing of the ewes. The findings indicated that melatonin is an effective tool for anticipating and improving the reproductive activity of in Sarda breed sheep during the springtime. Furthermore, to obtain optional results, melatonin implantation should be conducted in April, in ewes that have a BCS of >2.5 and that have passed their third month of lactation.

scholarly journals Biochemical Profile and Productive Performance in Dairy Cows with Lameness During Postpartum Period

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan Braga Paiano ◽  
Daniela Becker Birgel ◽  
Rüdiger Daniel Ollhoff ◽  
Eduardo Harry Birgel Junior
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Condition Score

Background: Lameness in dairy cows is classified as a gait change caused by multifactorial process. The phase of the peripartum causes intense physiological changes for the adaptation of late gestation and onset of lactation. The aim of this study was to characterize the changes in the biochemical profile and productive performance in dairy cows with lameness during postpartum period.Materials, Methods & Results: This study was conducted at the University of São Paulo farm, in Pirassununga, São Paulo State, Brazil, from January to March 2017. A total, of 48 multiparous (2 to 3 lactations and 3-4 years old) dairy cows, that had the milk production of 9,200 kg/ dairy cow in a period of 305 days in the previous lactation, were included in the study. All cows were managed under the same conditions and nutritional regimen. Evaluation of body condition score was performed by a single person on -18, -12, -8, -5, and -2 days before parturition, at parturition, and on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after parturition. Milk production was recorded on days 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after parturition and saved in the software program. Blood samples were performed on -18, -12, -8, -5, and -2 days before parturition, at parturition, and on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after parturition. Blood samples were assayed for albumin, calcium, cholesterol, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, urea, creatinine, gamma-glutamil-transferase and total protein concentrations. Dairy cows were divided into a lame group (11) and normal group (37) based on locomotion score from parturition to seven days postpartum. Lame cows was classified if their score was > 2, and normal cows was classified if their score was ≤ 2 and free of any disease. Dairy cows that suffer by any health disorder other than lameness were excluded from this study. Cow diagnosed with lameness outside the diagnostic period were excluded from this study. The averages of the milk production, body condition score and biochemical profile were compared with the Tukey’s test. Lame cows showed lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of albumin (on days -18 -12, -8, -5, -2 relative to parturition, at parturition, and on days 7, 14, 21, 45 and 60 after parturition) calcium (on days -18, -12, -8, -5 and -2 before parturition, and on days 7, 14, 21, 45 and 60 after parturition), cholesterol (on days -12, -8, -5 before parturition and on days 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after parturition) than normal cows. Cow with lameness showed higher (P < 0.05) concentration of triglyceride (on days 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after parturition), non-esterified fatty acids (on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after parturition) and β-hydroxybutyrate (on days -12, -5 and -2 before parturition, at parturition, and on days 1, 14, 21 and 30 after parturition) than normal group. Cows with lameness presented higher (P < 0.05) values of body condition score on days -18, -12 and -8 before parturition, and lower (P < 0.05) values on days 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after parturition than normal cows. Milk production was lower (P < 0.05) for cows with lameness (on days 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after parturition) than normal cows.Discussion: The overall prevalence of lameness in the evaluated period was 22.92% (11/48). Among lame cows, 07 presented laminitis, 02 had interdigital hyperplasia and 02 had sole ulcer. Our findings prove that the biochemical profile and productivity of dairy cows during the peripartum and postpartum period were affected by lameness at the early lactation. 

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