Effects of unsaturation of long-chain fatty acids on rumen protozoal engulfment and microbial protein recycling in protozoa in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengzhi Wang ◽  
Yujia Jing ◽  
Yifan Wang ◽  
Shimin Liu ◽  
Jian Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Group D ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The present study investigated the effects of long-chain fatty acids with different degrees of unsaturation on rumen protozoal engulfment and microbial protein recycling by protozoa in vitro. The seven experimental treatments included stearic acid (C18:0, Group A), oleic acid (C18:1, n-9, Group B), linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6, Group C), α-linoleic acid (C18:3, n-3, Group D), arachidonic acid (C20:4, n-6, Group E), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5, n-3, Group F) and calcium palmitate (C16:0, control group, G), each being included at 3% (w/w) in the total culture substrate containing starch, xylan, araban, glucan, mannan, cellulose, pectin, lignin, urea and casein. Three goats fitted with rumen cannula were used to provide rumen fluid. The incubation medium was collected for the measurement of engulfing rate of bacteria by protozoa and microbial biomass after 24 h of in vitro incubation. The results showed that the bacterial density of Group D (5.75 × 109 cells/mL) was significantly higher than that of Groups A, B, E, F and G (P < 0.05), but that of the control (Group G) as well as those of Groups A and B were lower than those of Groups D and C (P < 0.05). Similarly, the bacterial protein was the highest in Group D and the lowest in Group G. The number of bacteria engulfed by protozoa per millilitre were the highest in the Control group G (847 × 105 cells/(mL.h)) and the lowest in Group D (392 × 105 cells/(mL.h)). The recycling rate of bacterial cells was lowest in Group D (0.68%) and the recycling time of bacterial cells was the longest (147 h). The quantity of protein recycled was lowest in Group D and highest in Group G, which derived from the number of bacterial cells engulfed. Therefore, it was concluded that the effects of long-chain fatty acids on rumen microbial protein recycling and microbial protein synthesis mainly relate to their degree of unsaturation, with α-linoleic acid possessing a better ability to suppress bacterial-cell (by protozoa) and reduce protein yield.

scholarly journals Rumen Fermentation In Vitro as Influenced by Long Chain Fatty Acids

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1439-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Chalupa ◽  
Bonnie Rickabaugh ◽  
D. Kronfeld ◽  
S. David Sklan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals The Multifunctional β-Oxidation Enzyme Is Required for Full Symptom Development by the Biotrophic Maize Pathogen Ustilago maydis

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 2047-2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Klose ◽  
James W. Kronstad
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Metabolic Role ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogen ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT The transition from yeast-like to filamentous growth in the biotrophic fungal phytopathogen Ustilago maydis is a crucial event for pathogenesis. Previously, we showed that fatty acids induce filamentation in U. maydis and that the resulting hyphal cells resemble the infectious filaments observed in planta. To explore the potential metabolic role of lipids in the morphological transition and in pathogenic development in host tissue, we deleted the mfe2 gene encoding the multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the second and third reactions in β-oxidation of fatty acids in peroxisomes. The growth of the strains defective in mfe2 was attenuated on long-chain fatty acids and abolished on very-long-chain fatty acids. The mfe2 gene was not generally required for the production of filaments during mating in vitro, but loss of the gene blocked extensive proliferation of fungal filaments in planta. Consistent with this observation, mfe2 mutants exhibited significantly reduced virulence in that only 27% of infected seedlings produced tumors compared to 88% tumor production upon infection by wild-type strains. Similarly, a defect in virulence was observed in developing ears upon infection of mature maize plants. Specifically, the absence of the mfe2 gene delayed the development of teliospores within mature tumor tissue. Overall, these results indicate that the ability to utilize host lipids contributes to the pathogenic development of U. maydis.

Synthesis in vitro of very long chain fatty acids in Vibrio sp. strain ABE-1

1992 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Morita ◽  
Nobuhiro Okajima ◽  
Masaru Gotoh ◽  
Hideyuki Hayashi ◽  
Hidetoshi Okuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Unsaturated Fatty Acids Control Biofilm Formation of Staphylococcus aureus and Other Gram-Positive Bacteria

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Kamila Tomoko Yuyama ◽  
Manfred Rohde ◽  
Gabriella Molinari ◽  
Marc Stadler ◽  
Wolf-Rainer Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Infections involving biofilms are difficult to treat due to increased resistances against antibiotics and the immune system. Hence, there is an urgent demand for novel drugs against biofilm infections. During our search for novel biofilm inhibitors from fungi, we isolated linoleic acid from the ascomycete Hypoxylon fragiforme which showed biofilm inhibition of several bacteria at sub-MIC concentrations. Many fatty acids possess antimicrobial activities, but their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) are high and reports on biofilm interferences are scarce. We demonstrated that not only linoleic acid but several unsaturated long-chain fatty acids inhibited biofilms at sub-MIC concentrations. The antibiofilm activity exerted by long-chain fatty acids was mainly against Gram-positive bacteria, especially against Staphylococcus aureus. Micrographs of treated S. aureus biofilms revealed a reduction in the extracellular polymeric substances, pointing to a possible mode of action of fatty acids on S. aureus biofilms. The fatty acids had a strong species specificity. Poly-unsaturated fatty acids had higher activities than saturated ones, but no obvious rule could be found for the optimal length and desaturation for maximal activity. As free fatty acids are non-toxic and ubiquitous in food, they may offer a novel tool, especially in combination with antibiotics, for the control of biofilm infections.

scholarly journals In Vitro Conversion of Long-Chain Fatty Acids to Ketones by Bovine Rumen Mucosa

1968 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Cook ◽  
A.D. McGilliard ◽  
Marlene Richard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids
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