Replacement of soybean meal by sunflower cake in heifers finished on pasture: meat quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Henrique de Tonissi Buschinelli de Goes ◽  
Kennyson Alves de Souza ◽  
Ana Guerrero ◽  
Sara Letícia Nochi Cerilo ◽  
Alexandre Rodrigo Mendes Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Sunflower Cake ◽  
Water Holding

Twenty heifers aged 24 months from the Nellore breed were finished on pasture and supplemented during 120 days at 0.8% bodyweight with sunflower cake, which replaced bran soybeans, at proportions of 0%, 20%, 40% and 60%. Concentrated diets for supplementation were isoproteic (28% crude protein), with ether extract levels of 3.68%, 5.65%, 8.82% and 11.00%, respectively. Longissimus muscle, between the 12th and 13th rib, from the left half carcass were removed and used for the analysis of meat quality. The pH, water-holding capacity, cooking loss, shear force, meat colour, chemical composition, sensory characteristics and fatty acids profile were assessed. There were no significant differences in the studied attributes by the replacement of soybean meal by sunflower cake. Only the fatty acid profile presented slight differences between diets (P ≤ 0.05) containing C15:0, C20:0 and C20:3n-6 fatty acids. In conclusion, the replacement of soybean meal by sunflower cake does not alter the qualitative and sensory characteristics of meat from Nellore heifers finished on pasture.

scholarly journals The Meat Quality and Sensory Characteristics of Turkish Native Sheep Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-967
Author(s):  
Engin Yaralı
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Muscle Types

Some meat quality and sensory characteristics were determined of Kıvırcık (n=10), Eşme Kıvırcık (n=10), Karya (n=8) and Çine Çaparı (n=9) lambs in this research. Carcass divided into two parts along the spine and the three different type of muscle samples were taken from the between 8th and 9th vertebrae, 12th and 13th vertebrae and leg part of the left side of the carcasses. Drip loss, cooking loss and shear force values of these muscles were identified. Additionally, pH0, pH24, color, fatty acid composition and sensory properties were determined in M. Longissimus dorsi samples. When muscle types are evaluated separately were a statistically significant factor in terms of dripping and cooking loss and shear force. While the highest dripping loss were reported in M. Longissimus dorsi (3.72%), the highest cooking loss were reported in M. Longissimus thoracis (22.67%) and the highest shear force were reported in M. semitendinosus (4.38 kg). Genotype and muscle interaction were found to be highly significant for only cooking loss. The analysis results for fatty acids indicated that there was an important difference between Kıvırcık, Eşme Kıvırcık, Karya and Çine Çaparı on C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, tC18:1, CLA, tC18:3, C20:1, C22:0 fatty acids in the study. Genotypes showed no effect to SFA (Saturated fatty acids), MUFA (Monounsaturated fatty acids), PUFA (Polyunsaturated fatty acids) and P/S ratio parameters. Karya lambs performed higher for odor and tenderness, and Kıvırcık lambs showed a higher score for juiciness, flavor and total acceptability in sensory evaluation.

FEEDING AND METABOLISM TRIALS, AND ASSESSMENT OF CARCASS AND MEAT QUALITY FOR GROWING-FINISHING PIGS FED NAKED OATS (Avena nuda)

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. FRIEND ◽  
A. FORTIN ◽  
J. K. G. KRAMER ◽  
L. M. POSTE ◽  
G. BUTLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Avena Nuda ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Naked Oats

Forty-eight Yorkshire pigs (barrows and gilts), about 24 kg body weight, were fed three diets: a control diet containing corn-soybean meal with minerals and vitamins added (Diet 0), the same diet in which naked oats (Avena nuda L. 'Tibor') replaced approximately 50% of the corn and soybean meal (Diet 50) and a diet containing 95.4% naked oats plus the mineral and vitamin supplements (Diet 100). The diets were pelleted and given ad libitum to the pigs which were penned individually until marketed at 90 ± 5 kg bodyweight. The left side of the carcass was used for carcass quality determinations, meat quality (sensory evaluation) assessment and backfat samples for fatty acid analysis. Eighteen other Yorkshire pigs were used in metabolism trials to determine digestible and metabolizable energy and nitrogen values and nitrogen balances when fed the three test diets. Energy values for urine were determined with freeze-dried samples combusted in polyethylene bags using an adiabatic bomb calorimeter. The diets (DM basis) contained about 18% crude protein and 18 MJ kg−1 energy; Diet 100 was higher in ether extract (5.5%) and lower in ADF (1.7%). Pigs fed Diet 50 gained weight faster than pigs fed either of the two other diets, the overall effect being accounted for mainly by differences shown by the barrows. Feed data showed a similar pattern with higher daily intake and fewer days to market for Diet 50 pigs. A lower yield of lean meat was obtained from pigs fed Diet 100, an observation also supported by increased depth of loin fat and carcass ether extract. The fatty acids palmitic, oleic and linoleic represented 12, 23 and 59% of the total in the control diet, compared with 18, 40 and 37% in Diet 100. This dietary change was reflected in a carcass decrease of linoleic acid from 14 (control) to 13% (Diet 100). The dietary level of naked oats had a significant and beneficial effect on sensory evaluation scores for the pork roasts; flavor, tenderness and juiciness scores were highest for pigs fed Diet 100. The apparent digestible energy value for Diet 100 (17.3 M J kg−1) was the highest as was the apparent metabolizable energy value (17 MJ kg−1). Correction of the AME for the energy of retained N reduced the value by 2.35%. The nitrogen retention value was approximately 10% lower for the 95.4% naked oat diet than for the corn-soybean control diet. The study indicated by feeding and metabolism trials that, although growing-finishing diets containing a high proportion of naked oats are likely to be of high energy and protein value, they are limited in feeding value by an amino acid imbalance due probably to lysine insufficiency. Key words: Naked oats, metabolism, carcass, meat quality, fatty acids, pigs

Performance, carcass traits and meat quality of lambs fed with different roughage:concentrate ratios associated with variable physically effective neutral detergent fibre content

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
L. de O. Queiroz ◽  
A. M. Barbosa ◽  
G. B. Mourão ◽  
M. A. Fonseca ◽  
L. F. B. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Colour Parameter

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of roughage:concentrate (R:C) ratio associated with a variable particle size of physically effective neutral detergent fibre (peNDF8) in the forage (Tifton-85 hay) on the performance, carcass traits and meat quality of lambs. Seventy-two 4-month-old, non-castrated Santa Ines male lambs (23.5 ± 2.32 kg BW) were distributed in a completely randomized design, in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement [two peNDF8 hay particle sizes (13 and 6 mm) and two R:C ratios (700:300 and 500:500 g/kg DM total)]. DMI, DM, NFC and TDN digestibility's, N-intake and N-faecal excretion were affected by the R:C ratio (P < 0.05). However, the N-retained was not affected by the studied variables (P > 0.05). It was observed an interaction (P < 0.05) between the peNDF8 and R:C ratios for final BW, average daily gain (ADG), colour parameters and pH 24 h. The lower roughage ratio provided greater (P < 0.05) concentrations of C14:1, C16:1–cis9, C18:1–cis9, ΣMUFA, Σn–6:Σn–3 and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic index, enzymatic activity Δ9desaturase-C16 and -C18. Lambs fed a lower roughage diet had improved performance and feed efficiency, however, presented reduced polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) concentrations in the meat, especially Σn–3 family. Higher roughage diet and larger peNDF8 particle size improved the concentrations of PUFA while decreased Σn–6:Σn–3 ratio in meat. Larger peNDF8 particle size associated with higher roughage proportion, have reduced animal performance however, it increased protein concentration, a* and C* colour parameter without affecting fatty acids profile of Longissimus lumborum muscle.

scholarly journals Effects of Photoperiod Regime on Meat Quality, Oxidative Stability, and Metabolites of Postmortem Broiler Fillet (M. Pectoralis major) Muscles

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob R. Tuell ◽  
Jun-Young Park ◽  
Weichao Wang ◽  
Bruce Cooper ◽  
Tiago Sobreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Photoperiod Regime ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Water Holding

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of photoperiod on meat quality, oxidative stability, and metabolites of broiler fillet (M. Pectoralis major) muscles. A total of 432 broilers was split among 4 photoperiod treatments [hours light(L):dark(D)]: 20L:4D, 18L:6D, 16L:8D, and 12L:12D. At 42 days, a total of 48 broilers (12 broilers/treatment) was randomly selected and harvested. At 1 day postmortem, fillet muscles were dissected and displayed for 7 days. No considerable impacts of photoperiods on general carcass and meat quality attributes, such as carcass weight, yield, pH, water-holding capacity, and shear force, were found (p > 0.05). However, color and oxidative stability were influenced by the photoperiod, where muscles from 20L:4D appeared lighter and more discolored, coupled with higher lipid oxidation (p < 0.05) and protein denaturation (p = 0.058) compared to 12L:12D. The UPLC–MS metabolomics identified that 20 metabolites were different between the 20L:4D and 12L:12D groups, and 15 were tentatively identified. In general, lower aromatic amino acids/dipeptides, and higher oxidized glutathione and guanine/methylated guanosine were observed in 20L:4D. These results suggest that a photoperiod would result in no considerable impact on initial meat quality, but extended photoperiods might negatively impact oxidative stability through an alteration of the muscle metabolites.

scholarly journals Lamb Meat Quality and Carcass Evaluation of Five Autochthonous Sheep Breeds: Towards Biodiversity Protection

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3222
Author(s):  
Maria Giovanna Ciliberti ◽  
Antonella Santillo ◽  
Rosaria Marino ◽  
Elena Ciani ◽  
Mariangela Caroprese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Lamb Meat

In the present study, the evaluation of the carcasses and meat quality, in terms of chemical composition and fatty acid profile, of lambs from five autochthonous sheep breeds (Altamurana, Bagnolese, Gentile di Puglia, Laticauda, and Leccese) reared in continental Southern Italy, were studied. All the carcasses were evaluated according to the EU Mediterranean classification system for carcasses weighing less than 13 kg. Meat chemical composition and fatty acids profile were assessed on both loin and leg commercial cuts. Fatty acid composition of loin resulted in differences among breeds, displaying lower values of saturated fatty acid in Altamurana, Bagnolese, and Leccese breeds and the highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acid in the Altamurana breed. Principal component analysis grouped lamb according to fatty acid content and to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), omega n-3 and n-6 fatty acids; thus, Altamurana, Bagnolese, and Leccese breeds are characterized by the highest values of CLA content. Our data demonstrated that lamb meat from autochthonous breed has good carcass quality and the content of CLA, n-3, and n-6 was valuable for human consumption; therefore, the valorisation of local meat quality can help to avoid the extinction of the autochthonous breed offering to the market and consumer’s high nutritive products.

scholarly journals The Effect of Feeding Chicken and Geese Broilers with Different Cereals on the Fatty Acids Profile in Meat

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2879
Author(s):  
Piotr Janiszewski ◽  
Dariusz Lisiak ◽  
Karol Borzuta ◽  
Eugenia Grześkowiak ◽  
Tomasz Schwarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Hybrid Rye ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The research was conducted on the effect of bird broilers fed with different hybrid rye doses on the fatty acids profile in muscle. The first experiment was performed on 3 geese broilers groups fed with hybrid rye, oats or hybrid rye and oats mix in proportion 1:1. No effect of the hybrid rye feeding of geese on the SFA level in meat was observed, but the MUFA level was significantly higher and PUFA level and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio were significantly lower than in geese fed with oats. The second experiment was performed on 3 chicken broiler groups fed with mix of corn, wheat, soybean meal and rapeseed oil (control group), and fed with an addition of 10% or 20% hybrid rye in diet (experimental groups). No effect of hybrid rye feeding of chicken broilers on the meat quality and SFA level was observed. However, the MUFA level was higher and the PUFA level and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio were lower in meat of chicken broilers fed with hybrid rye. In conclusion hybrid rye is a healthy ingredient in the diet of studied birds and may be used up to 20% in chicken broilers and 50% in the diets of geese. A 100% hybrid rye in geese diet caused lower final body weight.

scholarly journals Physicochemical characteristics of meat of nellore steers supplemented with or without addition of lipids

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clóvis Carlos Silveira Filho ◽  
Carlos Augusto de Alencar Fontes ◽  
Elizabeth Fonsêca Processi ◽  
Laila Cecília Ramos Bendia ◽  
Cláudio Teixeira Lombardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Sarcomere Length ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Panicum Maximum

The aim of research was to evaluate the meat quality of Nellore young bulls in grazing supplemented with or without addition of lipids. Twenty–four young bulls, 301 ± 5.8 kg in body weight, were used in the experiment and randomly distributed into four groups according to treatment: only Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa grass; Mombasa grass with concentrated supplementation based on soybean meal; Mombasa grass with concentrate containing lipids from soybean oil; and Mombasa grass with concentrate containing lipids derived from soybean grains. There were no differences (P>0.05) between the treatments for temperature, pH, thawing, cooking and total losses, shear force, sarcomere length and collagen in bulls. Nellore young bulls raised in fertilized and irrigated Mombasa grass fed Mombasa grass only or supplemented with or without addition of lipids were similar regarding meat quality.

scholarly journals Carcass characteristics of broilers fed enzyme complex

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.S. Dalólio ◽  
D.P. Vaz ◽  
J. Moreira ◽  
L.F.T. Albino ◽  
L.R. Valadares
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Enzyme Complex ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Water Holding

Enzyme supplementation in diets based on corn and soybean meal can improve the productive performance of broilers. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of different levels of an enzyme complex consisting of phytase, protease, xylanase, ?-glucanase, cellulase, amylase, and pectinase, for diets based on corn and soybean meal, on the parameters of carcass yield and meat quality of broilers. Six hundred broiler chicks were used, and the animals were females with one day of age, from the Cobb 500 strain, and distributed in a completely randomized design, with five levels of inclusion of the enzyme complex (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400), and six repetitions, with twenty animals each. The carcass yield and meat quality were evaluated at 35 and 42 days of age. We evaluated the characteristics of weight loss by cooking (WLC), shear force (SF), water holding capacity (WHC), pH, lightness (L*) and color (a* and b*). The parameters of performance, carcass yield and carcass parts, and meat quality were not affected by the enzyme supplementation of diets fed to broiler chickens (P >0.05), except for the performance characteristics of the breast and the wings at 42 days of age (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Effects of copper hydroxychloride and distillers dried grains with solubles on intestinal microbial concentration and apparent ileal and total tract digestibility of energy and nutrients by growing pigs1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 4904-4911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charmaine D Espinosa ◽  
R Scott Fry ◽  
Matthew E Kocher ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Gross Energy

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that Cu hydroxychloride improves nutrient digestibility and alters the concentration of microbial protein in the small intestine or large intestine by pigs fed a corn-soybean meal diet or a diet based on corn, soybean meal, and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Twenty-four barrows (33.3 ± 3.4 kg) that had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum were allotted to a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 levels of DDGS (0% or 45%) and 2 levels of supplemental Cu from Cu hydroxychloride (0 or 150 mg/kg). A 2-period switch back design with the 4 diets and 6 replicate pigs per diet in each period was used resulting in 12 replicate pigs per diet for the 2 periods. The initial 9 d of each period was considered an adaptation period to the experimental diets. For each period, feces were collected on days 10, 11, and 12, and ileal digesta were collected for 8 h on days 13 and 14. Results indicated that inclusion of 45% DDGS to diets reduced (P &lt; 0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of AA and the AID and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, gross energy, and crude protein. In contrast, inclusion of DDGS to diets increased (P &lt; 0.05) the AID and the ATTD of acid hydrolyzed ether extract and the concentration of microbial protein in the hindgut (P &lt; 0.05). However, the total concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in ileal digesta and in feces from pigs fed the DDGS diets were not different from concentrations in pigs fed diets without DDGS. The AID and ATTD of dry matter, gross energy, and crude protein were not affected by dietary Cu concentrations, but the AID and ATTD of acid hydrolyzed ether extract were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in diets supplemented with Cu hydroxychloride compared with diets without Cu hydroxychloride. There was also a reduction (P &lt; 0.05) in the concentration of microbial protein and a tendency for a reduction (P &lt; 0.10) in the total concentration of VFA in feces when diets were supplemented with Cu hydroxychloride. In conclusion, supplementation of Cu hydroxychloride to diets improved AID and ATTD of acid hydrolyzed ether extract and reduced the concentration of microbial protein in the large intestine and this effect was observed in diets containing DDGS as well as in diets without DDGS.

scholarly journals Sunflower cake in diets for beef cattle: digestibility, kinetics and in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Henrique de Tonissi e Buschinelli de Goes ◽  
Luiz Henrique Xavier da Silva ◽  
Tatiana García Díaz ◽  
Antonio Ferriani Branco ◽  
Ana Lúcia Teodoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Sunflower Cake

 The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of sunflower cake replacing soybean meal in beef cattle diets on the in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM), organic matter (IVDOM), crude protein (IVDCP) and the ruminal fermentation kinetics and parameters. The experiment was analyzed according to a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of four levels of sunflower cake, 0, 200, 400, 600 g kg-1, replacing soybean meal in the concentrate of beef cattle diets. The coefficients of IVDDM, IVDOM and IVDCP presented a quadratic effect with the addition of sunflower cake. The soluble fraction (fraction B) degradation rate and total gas production decreased linearly with the inclusion of sunflower cake. Values of pH in ruminal fluid were higher for levels 0, 200 and 600 g kg-1 sunflower cake. Sunflower cake can replace soybean meal by up to 280 g kg-1 in the concentrate of beef cattle diets, improving the in vitro digestibility of dry matter organic, matter and crude protein. Levels above 400 g kg-1 reduce ruminal digestion rate, digestibility and release of final fermentation products. 

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