Commercial equine production in New Zealand. 3. The racing and sport industries

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (18) ◽  
pp. 2164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte F. Bolwell ◽  
Chris W. Rogers ◽  
Erica K. Gee ◽  
Sarah M. Rosanowski
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
International Sport

The present review examines the commercial production of racing and sport horses in New Zealand, describing the size and scope of the industries, the management and feeding, and the training and wastage of race (Thoroughbred and Standardbred) and sport horses. The number of horses per head of population in New Zealand (30/1000 people) is high by international standards and the main equine industries generate ~2% of national gross domestic product. In New Zealand the Thoroughbred breeding and racing industry dominates organised equestrian activity (economically and numerically). Furthermore, this Thoroughbred bias has an influence on equestrian culture and may explain, in part, the high proportion of Thoroughbred sport horses registered for eventing in New Zealand, which is in contrast to other international sport-horse populations. An understanding of the production, management and structure of the racing and sport industries in New Zealand is paramount to ensure the health and welfare of the equine athlete and the continuing success of the industries.

scholarly journals Assessment of public welfare in Ukraine in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and economy digitalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 416-431
Author(s):  
Serhii Kozlovskyi ◽  
Iaroslav Petrunenko ◽  
Viktoriia Baidala ◽  
Viktoriia Myronchuk ◽  
Tetiana Kulinich
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Fuzzy Sets Theory ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Welfare Index ◽  
Sets Theory

With the emergence of the global COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, a process of transformation of the modern economic system took place, which requires new approaches to assessing economic processes. One of such processes is the assessment of public welfare. The purpose of this study is to develop an approach to assessing the level of public welfare of the population of Ukraine in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and economy digitalization. To solve this problem, the methods of artificial intelligence, in particular the method of fuzzy sets theory, which allows using the incomplete information and making high-quality forecast calculations, are used. The factors influencing the level of public welfare during the COVID-19 pandemic have been identified. These are the following factors: gross domestic product, poverty rate, welfare index, human development index, subsistence level, and indicators that characterize the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e. the total number of COVID-19 cases, the total number of deaths from COVID-19, and the total number of vaccinations from COVID-19 in Ukraine). Using fuzzy sets theory, an economic-mathematical model for assessing the level of public welfare in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine was built. Two-dimensional dependences of the level of public welfare of Ukraine in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic on indicators such as gross domestic product, subsistence level, and the total number of cases of COVID-19 in Ukraine were obtained. The results of the study established that the level of public welfare in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic on the 0-100 scale is predicted to be as follows points: 2021 – 17, 2022 – 23, 2023 – 27, 2024 – 19, 2025 – 35 and will not meet international standards.

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