scholarly journals Feed efficiency and enteric methane production of Nellore cattle in the feedlot and on pasture

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 886 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Oliveira ◽  
A. C. Ruggieri ◽  
R. H. Branco ◽  
O. L. Cota ◽  
R. C. Canesin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Nellore Cattle

The objective of the present study was to assess the relationship between residual feed intake (RFI) evaluated in a feedlot-performance test and on pasture, and to determine the effect of feedlot RFI classification on enteric methane (CH4) production in the feedlot and on pasture. Seventy-three animals (25 with a low RFI, 24 with a medium RFI and 24 with a high RFI) classified in a feedlot performance test were subjected to performance testing on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture. Enteric CH4 was measured in a sample of these animals (n = 47, with high and low RFI) by the sulfur hexafluoride tracer-gas technique after the feedlot-performance test and during the performance test on pasture. In the feedlot-performance test, dry-matter intake (DMI) of low-RFI animals was 9.4% and 19.7% lower (P < 0.05) than that of medium- and high-RFI animals respectively. However, there was no difference in DMI and, consequently, in RFI on pasture among animals classified as low, medium and high RFI. Accordingly, there is evidence of re-ranking of animals for RFI performance tested in the feedlot after weaning and, subsequently, on pasture. During the period of enteric CH4 measurement in the feedlot and on pasture, the DMI, neutral detergent-fibre intake and gross-energy intake of low-RFI animals were lower than those of high-RFI animals, and low-RFI animals exhibited greater DM and neutral detergent fibre digestibility only in the feedlot. Enteric CH4 production did not differ between low- and high-RFI animals either in the feedlot (101 and 107 g CH4/day) or on pasture (101 and 95.9 g CH4/day). A significant difference in CH4 yield (CH4/kg DMI) was observed on pasture between animals with low and high RFI (17.6 and 13.7 g CH4/kg DMI respectively). The results did not support the hypothesis that an increase in feed efficiency, evaluated in growing animals in feedlot-performance tests, decreases enteric CH4 production (g/day) proportionally to the lower DMI.

scholarly journals PSXI-29 Assessing enteric methane emissions from Nellore and Angus-Nellore crossbred cattle in a tropical, intensive beef cattle production system

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 380-381
Author(s):  
Isabella Cristina F Maciel ◽  
Fabiano A Barbosa ◽  
Thierry R Tomich ◽  
Ramon C Alvarenga ◽  
Ludhiana R Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Trial Onset ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Enteric Methane Emissions

Abstract Crossbreeding has been used to improve performance in beef cattle; however, the effects of breed composition on methane production, yield and intensity from cattle in a tropical intensive system remain unknown. To assess the impact of breed composition on enteric methane emissions, Nellore (NE; yr 1: BW = 171.5 ± 19.4 kg; n = 10; yr 2: BW = 215.8 ± 32.3 kg, n = 25) and Angus-Nellore crossbred (AN; yr 1: BW = 214.2 ± 26.4 kg, n = 10; yr 2: BW = 242.5 ± 32.2 kg, n = 25) were compared. At trial onset, 10 mo old steers grazed Megathyrsus maximus ‘Mombaça’ in the grazing period (GP) and then were finished in a feedlot (FL) (35:65% corn silage:concentrate diet). Steers (n = 8) from each breed composition were randomly selected in GP and FL to measure CH4 production using a sulfur hexafluoride technique and DMI using titanium dioxide. The NE produced 19% less CH4 than AN in GP (17.21 vs 21.17 kg, P &lt; 0.01), and no difference was observed in FL (22.34 vs 22.67 kg, P &gt; 0.10). However, in FL, NE had greater CH4 intensity (CH4/ADG) compared to AN (122.76 vs 97.49 g/kg, P &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, CH4/carcass weight was greater for NE than AN (0.079 vs 0.067 g/kg CW, P &lt; 0.01). Breed composition did not influence CH4 yield (CH4/DMI) in either phase. The percentage CH4/GEI (Ym) for GP was higher for AN than NE (4.5 vs 3.8%), but lower than the IPCC recommended Ym of 6.5%. In FL, Ym was similar between breed composition (5.0%) and greater than the IPCC Ym of 3%. In our study the introduction of Angus into Nellore has potential to reduce CH4 intensity in tropical climates, resulting in less methane emission per kg beef produced.

scholarly journals Feedlot performance, feed efficiency and carcass traits in Nellore cattle selected for postweaning weight

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Lucila Sobrinho ◽  
Sarah Figueiredo Martins Bonilha ◽  
Heraldo Cesar Gonçalves ◽  
André Michel de Castilhos ◽  
Elaine Magnani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Nellore Cattle

scholarly journals Test post-weaning duration for performance, feed intake and feed efficiency in Nellore cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Michel de Castilhos ◽  
Renata Helena Branco ◽  
Alexander George Razook ◽  
Sarah Figueiredo Martins Bonilha ◽  
Maria Eugênia Zerlotti Mercadante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

This study was conducted to determine optimum test duration for measuring performance, feed intake and feed efficiency. Sixty young Nellore bulls were submitted to feeding performance test and fed in individual pens to determine feed intake and performance over 112 days. Body weight was determined every 28 days, after fasting of water and feed for 16 hours. Changes in variance, relative variance and Pearson and Spearman correlations among data from shortened test periods (28, 56 and 84 days) and full test period (112 days) were used to determine optimum test duration. Test duration for average daily gain, dry matter intake, feed:gain ratio and residual feed intake could be shortened to 84, 28, 84 and 84 days, respectively, without reducing significantly the reliability of measurements for animals fed in individual pens.

scholarly journals Effect of tannin-containing hays on enteric methane emissions and nitrogen partitioning in beef cattle1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 3286-3299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K Stewart ◽  
Karen A Beauchemin ◽  
Xin Dai ◽  
Jennifer W MacAdam ◽  
Rachael G Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Nitrogen Partitioning ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Enteric Methane

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine whether feeding tannin-containing hays to heifers and mature beef cows influences enteric methane (CH4) emissions and nitrogen (N) excretion relative to feeding traditional legume and grass hays. Fifteen mature beef cows (Exp. 1) and 9 yearling heifers (Exp. 2) were each randomly assigned to treatment groups in an incomplete bock design with 2 periods and 6 types of hays with 3 hays fed each period (n = 5 cows and 3 heifers per treatment). Groups were fed tannin-containing [birdsfoot trefoil (BFT), sainfoin (SAN), small burnet (SML)] or non-tannin-containing [alfalfa (ALF), cicer milkvetch (CMV), meadow bromegrass (MB)] hays. Each period consisted of 14 d of adjustment followed by 5 d of sample collection. Nine cows and 9 heifers were selected for the measurement of enteric CH4 emissions (sulfur hexafluoride tracer gas technique), and excretion of feces and urine, while dry matter intake (DMI) was measured for all animals. The concentration of condensed tannins in SAN and BFT was 2.5 ± 0.50% and 0.6 ± 0.09% of dry matter (DM), respectively, while SML contained hydrolyzable tannins (4.5 ± 0.55% of DM). Cows and heifers fed tannin-containing hays excreted less urinary urea N (g/d; P &lt; 0.001) and showed lower concentrations of blood urea N (mg/dL; P &lt; 0.001) than animals fed ALF or CMV, indicating that tannins led to a shift in route of N excretion from urine to feces. Additionally, cows fed either BFT or CMV showed the greatest percentage of retained N (P &lt; 0.001). Enteric CH4 yield (g/kg of DMI) from heifers (P = 0.089) was greatest for MB, while daily CH4 production (g/d) from heifers (P = 0.054) was least for SML. However, digestibility of crude protein was reduced for cows (P &lt; 0.001) and heifers (P &lt; 0.001) consuming SML. The results suggest that tannin-containing hays have the potential to reduce urinary urea N excretion, increase N retention, and reduce enteric CH4 emissions from beef cattle. The non-bloating tannin-free legume CMV may also reduce environmental impacts relative to ALF and MB hays by reducing N excretion in urine and increasing N retention.

scholarly journals FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS TRAITS OF YANKASA RAMS. I — EFFECT OF VARYING THE CONCENTRATE TO ROUGHAGE RATIO

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
A. S. Kwatu ◽  
N. N. Umunna ◽  
C .N. Chineme
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Concentrate Level ◽  
Daily Gain

Thirty-five Yankasa rams initially weighing 22.5kg on the average were individually fed one of five diets formulated to differ in the roughage to concentrate ratio: 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70. The diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency show­ed a linear response to increasing levels of dietary concentrate. Feed intake on the other hand did not reveal any significant difference. Both dry matter and nitrogen digestibility tended to increase with in­creasing dietary concentrate. Dressing percentage, kidney and mesenteric fats also increased with in­creasing concentrate level. Given the overall perfor­mance and current prices of feedstuffs, rams and mutton, it would seem that 50 to 60% dietary con­centrate is optimal for fattening.

Treatment of feces from beef cattle fed the enteric methane inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentine Nkongndem Nkemka ◽  
Karen A. Beauchemin ◽  
Xiying Hao
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Gompertz Equation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Solids Retention

Abstract The study evaluated the residual effect of the known enteric methane inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3NOP) on anaerobic digestion of cattle feces (feces) in a CH4 potential batch test and two consecutive runs of an anaerobic leach bed reactor at a solids retention time of 40 days. The feces used in this study were collected from beef cattle fed forage- (backgrounding) or grain- (finishing) based diets supplemented with 3NOP in feedlot and metabolism studies. The results showed that CH4 yields were not significantly different from treatments using control feces and feces collected from cattle fed a diet supplemented with 3NOP in both CH4 potential and leach bed studies. Spiking feces with 200 mg 3NOP kg−1 dry matter decreased CH4 production rate by 8.0–18.1% estimated from the Gompertz equation, increased the lag phase time (0.4–3.4 d) in all the treatments, while there was no significant difference in the overall CH4 yield. Results from this study showed that 3NOP can be used as an effective enteric CH4 inhibitor with no residual effect on anaerobic digestion.

Evaluation of Asphalt Mixture Performance Using Cracking and Durability Tests at a Full-Scale Pavement Facility

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110218
Author(s):  
Amir Golalipour ◽  
Varun Veginati ◽  
David J. Mensching
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Intermediate Temperature ◽  
Index Test ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Indirect Tensile

In the asphalt materials community, the most critical research need is centered around a paradigm shift in mixture design from the volumetric process of the previous 20-plus years to an optimization procedure based on laboratory-measured mechanical properties that should lead to an increase in long-term pavement performance. This study is focused on advancing the state of understanding with respect to the value of intermediate temperature cracking tests, which may be included in a balanced mix design. The materials included are plant-mixed, laboratory-compacted specimens reheated from the 2013 Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA’s) Accelerated Loading Facility (ALF) study on reclaimed asphalt pavement/reclaimed asphalt shingle (RAP/RAS) materials. Six commonly discussed intermediate temperature (cracking and durability) performance testing (i.e., Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester [AMPT] Cyclic Fatigue, Cantabro, Illinois Flexibility Index Test [I-FIT], Indirect Tensile Cracking [ITC, also known as IDEAL-CT], Indirect Tensile Nflex, and Texas Overlay Test) were selected for use in this study based on input from stakeholders. Test results were analyzed to compare differences between the cracking tests. In addition, statistical analyses were conducted to assess the separation among materials (lanes) for each performance test. Cyclic fatigue and IDEAL-CT tests showed the most promising results. The ranking from these two tests’ index parameters matched closely with ALF field performance. Furthermore, both showed reasonable variability of test data and they were successful in differentiating between different materials.

scholarly journals Effects of Syngenta Enogen Feed Corn containing an α-amylase trait on finishing cattle performance and carcass characteristics1

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 504-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Jolly-Breithaupt ◽  
M E Harris ◽  
B L Nuttelman ◽  
D B Burken ◽  
J C MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
University Of Nebraska Lincoln ◽  
The University ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Enzyme Supplement ◽  
Corn Hybrid

Abstract Two experiments evaluated the effects of feeding a new corn hybrid, containing an α-amylase enzyme trait, Syngenta Enogen Feed Corn (SYT-EFC), on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics at two locations. Experiment 1 utilized 300 calffed steers (298.5 ± 16.3 kg of BW) at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln Eastern Nebraska Research and Extension Center Mead, NE. Treatments were designed as a 2 × 2 + 1–factorial arrangement with factors consisting of 1) corn type (SYT-EFC or conventional [CON]) and 2) byproduct type (with or without Sweet Bran [SB]), or a BLEND of STY-EFC and CON without SB. In Exp. 2, 240 crossbred, calf-fed steers (287.6 ± 15.4 kg of BW) were utilized at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln Panhandle Research and Extension Center near Scottsbluff, NE. Steers were fed SYT-EFC, CON, BLEND, or CON with a commercial α-amylase enzyme supplement (CON-E). In Exp. 1, there was an interaction for ADG (P = 0.05) and G:F (P = 0.02). Steers fed SYT-EFC with SB had greater ADG and G:F than CON; however, in diets without SB, SYT-EFC and CON were not different resulting in a 10.1% change in G:F when steers were fed SYT-EFC in SB compared with CON and only 1.6% change between SYT-EFC and CON without SB. Energy values, based on performance data, resulted in a 6.5% and 8.3% change in NEm and NEg, respectively, for steers fed SYT-EFC and CON with SB and 1.6% change for both NEm and NEg for steers fed SYT-EFC and CON without SB. For the main effect of corn trait, steers fed SYT-EFC had greater marbling scores, fat depth, and calculated yield grade compared with CON (P ≤ 0.03). In diets without SB, there was no difference between SYT-EFC, CON, or BLEND for DMI, final BW, ADG, G:F, NEm, or NEg (P ≥ 0.35). In Exp. 2, cattle fed SYT-EFC, BLEND, or CON-E had greater final BW, ADG, and G:F than cattle fed CON (P ≤ 0.03). On average, NEm and NEg were 4.9% and 7.0% greater, respectively, for steers fed amylase enzyme treatments compared with CON (P ≤ 0.01). Hot carcass weights were greater in steers fed α-amylase treatments compared with CON (P &lt; 0.01). Feeding Syngenta Enogen Feed Corn, which contains an α-amylase enzyme trait, at both locations improved feed efficiency in finishing cattle diets containing WDGS or SB.

Performance Testing of Coal Fired Power Plants

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane E. Powers ◽  
William C. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Test Program

With the renewed interest in the construction of coal-fired power plants in the United States, there has also been an increased interest in the methodology used to calculate/determine the overall performance of a coal fired power plant. This methodology is detailed in the ASME PTC 46 (1996) Code, which provides an excellent framework for determining the power output and heat rate of coal fired power plants. Unfortunately, the power industry has been slow to adopt this methodology, in part because of the lack of some details in the Code regarding the planning needed to design a performance test program for the determination of coal fired power plant performance. This paper will expand on the ASME PTC 46 (1996) Code by discussing key concepts that need to be addressed when planning an overall plant performance test of a coal fired power plant. The most difficult aspect of calculating coal fired power plant performance is integrating the calculation of boiler performance with the calculation of turbine cycle performance and other balance of plant aspects. If proper planning of the performance test is not performed, the integration of boiler and turbine data will result in a test result that does not accurately reflect the true performance of the overall plant. This planning must start very early in the development of the test program, and be implemented in all stages of the test program design. This paper will address the necessary planning of the test program, including: • Determination of Actual Plant Performance. • Selection of a Test Goal. • Development of the Basic Correction Algorithm. • Designing a Plant Model. • Development of Correction Curves. • Operation of the Power Plant during the Test. All nomenclature in this paper utilizes the ASME PTC 46 definitions for the calculation and correction of plant performance.

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