Study on the effects of electrical stunning parameters for broilers on biochemical and histological markers of stress and meat quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaelina Mercogliano ◽  
Serena Santonicola ◽  
Nicoletta Murru ◽  
Orlando Paciello ◽  
Teresa Bruna Pagano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Superoxide Radical ◽  
Ph Monitoring ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Glycogen Reserve ◽  
Monitoring And Measurement

This study was designed to investigate physicochemical (pH, peroxides) and histological parameters (glycogen reserve, muscle damages), as pre-slaughter stress markers and quality meat evaluators. Ross commercial broilers was processed, either without stunning (NS Lot), or by combining two current levels of 200 mA, 67 V (HV Lot), and 200 mA, 53 V (MV Lot); with two frequencies of 1000 Hz and 800 Hz, using sinusoidal alternating current. The use of high frequency (800 and 1000 Hz) induced the fastest pH decline, already at 3 h postmortem, in Pectoralis major and Quadriceps femoris of MV and HV Lot carcasses (P < 0.05). Moreover HV carcasses showed a lesser production of superoxide free radicals than the NS Lot and MV Lot carcasses (P < 0.05). Changes in the glycogen reserve and the histological muscle damages did not show significant differences in the analysed Lots. The incidence of individual carcass defects, sufficient to cause downgrading or rejection was generally low in each Lot. To assess animal welfare and quality poultry meat the pH monitoring and measurement of superoxide radical production, as additional and feasible parameters, might be markers easier to use in practice at abattoir.

scholarly journals Preliminary study on physicochemical and biochemical stress markers at poultry slaughterhouse

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Santonicola ◽  
Maria Francesca Peruzy ◽  
Mariagrazia Girasole ◽  
Nicoletta Murru ◽  
Maria Luisa Cortesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Superoxide Free Radical ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Glycogen Reserve

Pre-slaughter stress can result in variations in the glycogen storage and metabolic changes of muscle, responsible for quality poultry meat. Aim of this study was to investigate, as preslaughter stress markers and quality meat, physicochemical (pH), biochemical (muscle glycogen content), and chemical (super oxides free radicals) parameters. The carcass quality, as incidence of individual carcass defects, also was evaluate. A number of 20 broilers was processed with two different electrical stunning: high (250 Hz; 640 mA; 60V) (Lot C or control) and low (150 Hz; 360 mA; 60 V) (Lot A) frequency and intensity, using sinusoidal alternating current. As preliminary results, the use of low frequency and intensity induced faster pH decline post mortem and adequate acidification of pH at 3 hours (6.49 Lot C; 6.37 Lot A), better muscle glycogen reserve (0.770 μl/50mL Lot C; 1.497μl/50mL Lot A), and lightly more rapid muscle oxidation (IDF: 0.109 Lot C; 0.122 Lot A), (FOX: 0.131 MeqO2/kg Lot C; 0.140 MeqO2/kg Lot A). The incidence of individual carcass defects sufficient to cause downgrading or rejection, both in Lot C and Lot A, was generally low. In a multidisciplinary approach, to assess animal welfare and quality poultry meat, additional and feasible parameters should be implemented. Monitoring of pH, muscle glycogen reserve and superoxide free radical production measurements might be markers easier to use, routinely, in practice at abattoir. Further studies are needed to evaluate the usefulness of these parameters.

Calcium and free radicals in hypoxia/reoxygenation injury of renal epithelial cells

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (1) ◽  
pp. F13-F20 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Greene ◽  
M. S. Paller
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Superoxide Radical ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Oxygen Free Radicals ◽  
Xanthine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Oxygen Free Radical ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Release ◽  
Radical Production

Hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) generate oxygen free radicals that result in renal cell injury. We tested the roles of calcium and calmodulin in mediating xanthine oxidase-derived oxygen free radical production during H/R. Lowering extracellular Ca2+ attenuated lethal cell injury. H/R increased superoxide radical production over basal levels, whereas removing extracellular Ca2+ before hypoxia decreased superoxide radical production to basal levels. Pretreatment with either 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride or thapsigargin, to inhibit release or deplete stores of intracellular Ca2+, did not affect injury following H/R. Ionomycin increased lactate dehydrogenase release during H/R but did not increase superoxide radical to levels greater than that observed for H/R alone. The calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine, calmidazolium, or N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide decreased cell injury to varying degrees. Trifluoperazine also decreased superoxide radical production during H/R and was shown to inhibit the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase. Cell injury and superoxide radical production correlated with cytosolic free Ca2+ during H/R as determined with the Ca(2+)-sensitive fluoroprobe indo 1. Cytosolic free Ca2+ increased slightly during hypoxia and showed a dramatic increase as soon as cells were reoxygenated. Cells incubated in a Ca(2+)-free medium actually showed a small decrease in intracellular Ca2++ despite H/R. In summary, Ca2+ derived from extracellular sources promoted superoxide radical production and renal cell injury by a calmodulin-dependent conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase, a major source of oxygen free radicals during H/R.

Ethane production as a measure of lipid peroxidation after renal ischemia

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (5) ◽  
pp. F839-F843 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Paller ◽  
R. P. Hebbel
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Superoxide Radical ◽  
Oxygen Free Radicals ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Ethane Production

After renal ischemia, oxygen free radicals are formed and produce tissue injury, in large part, through peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. We used an in vivo method to monitor lipid peroxidation after renal ischemia, the measurement of ethane in expired gas, to determine the time course of lipid peroxidation and the effect of several agents to limit lipid peroxidation after renal ischemia. In anesthetized rats there was no significant increase in ethane production during 60 min of renal ischemia. During the first 10 min of renal reperfusion, there was a prompt increase in ethane production from 2.9 +/- 1.3 to 6.3 +/- 1.9 pmol/min (P less than 0.05). Ethane production was significantly increased during the first 50 min of reperfusion and then rapidly tapered to base-line levels. Preischemic administration of allopurinol to prevent superoxide radical generation or the superoxide radical scavenger superoxide dismutase prevented the increase in ethane production during postischemic reperfusion. These studies confirm that there is increase lipid peroxidation following renal ischemia that can be prevented by agents which limit the formation or accumulation of oxygen free radicals. This in vivo method for measuring lipid peroxidation could also be employed to study the effects of ischemia on lipid peroxidation in other organs, as well as to monitor lipid peroxidation in other forms of injury.

scholarly journals Fundoplication for laryngopharyngeal reflux despite preoperative dysphagia

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
GL Falk ◽  
H Van der Wall ◽  
L Burton ◽  
MG Falk ◽  
H O’Donnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Ph Monitoring ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Atypical Symptoms ◽  
Careful Patient ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Laparoscopy Surgery ◽  
Oesophageal Dysmotility

INTRODUCTIONFundoplication for laryngopharyngeal disease with oesophageal dysmotility has led to mixed outcomes. In the presence of preoperative dysphagia and oesophageal dysmotility, this procedure has engendered concern in certain regards.METHODSThis paper describes a consecutive series of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) patients with a high frequency of dysmotility. Patients were selected for surgery with 24-hour dual channel pH monitoring, oesophageal manometry and standardised reflux scintigraphy.RESULTSFollowing careful patient selection, 33 patients underwent fundoplication by laparoscopy. Surgery had high efficacy in symptom control and there was no adverse dysphagia.CONCLUSIONSEvidence of proximal reflux can select a group of patients for good results of fundoplication for atypical symptoms.

scholarly journals Phenotypic correlations among meat quality traits in broilers

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1475-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Bertollini de Jesus Silva ◽  
Leila de Genova Gaya ◽  
Ana Paula Madureira ◽  
Graziela Tarôco ◽  
José Bento Sterman Ferraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Ph Measurements ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Meat Quality Traits ◽  
Initial Ph

The goals of this research were to estimate the phenotypic correlations among various meat quality traits from a male broiler line and to describe the relation among these variables. Phenotypical correlations were determined among quality traits, isolating the effects of slaughter date, the age of the mother and sex. The evaluated traits were pH measurements taken at time 0 and at 6 and 24 hours after slaughtering, color parameters, water loss due to exudation, thawing and cooking of the meat, and shear force. Important associations (P<0.01) were found to be significant and, in most cases, weak or moderate, varying from -0.35 to 0.28. The initial pH of the meat was not associated (P>0.05) to the other traits of the meat, whereas the pH at 24 hours after slaughter was able of directly interfering with the attributes of the meat, since this trait was inversely related with lightness and water losses, which indicates an effect of pH fall along 24h after slaughtering on protein denaturation. This study demonstrates that the variables of poultry meat quality are related and that there is a phenotypical association between lightness and cooking losses and the other attributes of the meat. The pH at 24 hours after slaughtering, lightness and cooking losses could be efficient meat quality indicators in this broiler line.

Monitoring and measurement of high-frequency oscillatory transient recovery voltage of circuit breakers

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 764-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Malekpour ◽  
Alireza Pouramin ◽  
Amin Malekpour ◽  
Toan Phung ◽  
Eliathamby Ambikairajah
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Circuit Breakers ◽  
Transient Recovery Voltage ◽  
Recovery Voltage ◽  
Monitoring And Measurement ◽  
High Frequency Oscillatory

scholarly journals Activation of human neutrophils by mastoparan. Reorganization of the cytoskeleton, formation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, secretion up-regulation of complement receptor type 3 and superoxide anion production are stimulated by mastoparan

1992 ◽  
Vol 282 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Norgauer ◽  
M Eberle ◽  
H D Lemke ◽  
K Aktories
Keyword(s):  
Pertussis Toxin ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Superoxide Radical ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Superoxide Anion Production ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Rapid Formation ◽  
Primary Granules ◽  
Type 3

In human neutrophils, mastoparan induced rapid F-actin polymerization which was followed by a slow and sustained depolymerization to below the initial F-actin content. Incubation of neutrophils with pertussis toxin inhibited mastoparan-stimulated actin polymerization; however it did not prevent sustained depolymerization of F-actin. Analyses of phospholipids performed in parallel revealed that mastoparan stimulated rapid formation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) and consumption of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Pertussis toxin treatment blocked mastoparan-induced formation of PIP3. Furthermore, mastoparan stimulated the release of N-acetylglucosaminidase from primary granules. Cytochalasin B enhanced mastoparan-stimulated secretion. Mastoparan triggered superoxide radical production in a cytochalasin B-sensitive manner and induced complement type 3 receptor (CR3) up-regulation.

scholarly journals Effect of Age and Genotype of Native Breed Cockerels on Carcass and Meat Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1113-1126
Author(s):  
Józefa Krawczyk ◽  
Anna Koseniuk
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Native Breed ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine meat quality in cockerels of two multipurpose breeds reared to different ages. The study involved 30 cockerels each of two native breeds: Yellowleg Partridge (Ż-33) and Rhode Island Red (R-11). The results showed that cockerels of the native breeds Rhode Island Red (R-11) and Yellowleg Partridge (Ż-33) represent a good starting material for niche production of poultry meat R-11 cockerels exhibited a better rate of weight gain and their carcasses had higher yellowness and redness values compared to Ż-33 birds. The carcasses of both cockerel breeds had lower breast and higher leg muscle percentage, and their meat contained more collagen and protein and less fat. As birds aged, body weight and abdominal fat percentage increased, and giblets percentage decreased in the cockerels of both breeds, whereas in the R-11 breed dressing percentage increased, leg bone percentage decreased, yellowness (a*) increased and redness (b*) decreased. Neither genotype nor slaughter age had a significant effect on chemical composition of the breast and leg muscles. In both breeds, the breast and leg muscle quality traits were more affected by age than genotype.

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