Methionine concentration in the pre-starter diet: its effect on broiler breast muscle development

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Powell ◽  
S. G. Velleman ◽  
A. J. Cowieson ◽  
W. I. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Development ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Methionine Concentration ◽  
Satellite Cell Activity

The effect of feeding diets of variable methionine concentration on breast muscle development was assessed in Ross 308 broiler chicks. Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic starter diets were formulated to contain 7.8, 5.9, 4.6, and 3.4 g methionine/kg diet, and were provided for the first 7 days post-hatch. At 7 days of age all birds were placed on an industry standard starter diet with 5.9 g methionine/kg diet until 14 days, and then provided standard broiler grower (until 28 days) and finisher (until 42 days) diets. Birds were weighed periodically throughout the study and feed intake and feed conversion ratio were determined. Ten birds per treatment were sacrificed and weighed on 0, 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days. The pectoralis major (breast muscle) was then removed from the carcass and weighed. Samples of breast muscle were collected for genetic and histological analysis. Expression of the myogenic marker genes, myogenic differentiation factor 1 and myogenin, which regulate satellite cell activity, and the adipogenic marker gene, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), was measured. Histological assessment of breast muscle morphology and fat deposition morphology was also performed. No effect of dietary treatment was observed on body or breast muscle weight, feed intake or feed conversion ratio. Marker gene expression was also similar in all treatment groups, except for PPARγ. Significantly higher expression of PPARγ was observed at 0 days in the 5.9 g methionine/kg diet treatment, before dietary treatments were provided. Expression of PPARγ did not differ among treatment groups on any subsequent day. Methionine dietary treatment had no effect on the morphological structure of the breast muscle, or intramuscular fat deposition. These results suggest that under the conditions of this study, satellite cell activity in the early post-hatch chick, and subsequent muscle development, were not responsive to the variable methionine manipulations tested in the pre-starter period.

scholarly journals Bıldırcın Rasyonlarında Yonca Unu ve Enzim Kullanımının Performans, Karkas ve İnce Bağırsak Parametrelerine Etkisi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1353-1358
Author(s):  
Mahmut Mutlu ◽  
Alpönder Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Alfalfa Meal ◽  
Different Levels

This study was carried out to determine the influence of different levels of alfalfa meal and the addition of enzyme on performance, carcass and intestinal parameters in growing quails. Japanese quails (n=240), 1 days of age, were divided into 6 dietary treatment groups and the experiment lasted for 5 weeks. In each experiment group there were 4 replicates, and in each replicates there were 10 chicks. Six diets, arranged a factorial design with three alfalfa meal levels (0, 2.5 and 5.0 %) and two levels of added enzyme (0.0 and 1.0 g/kg) were used. The treatments did not effect on the body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. However, relative liver, leg+back, intestine weights and crypt depth were significantly increased, and relative heart and breast weights and villus width decreased by dietary alfalfa meal levels. The addition of enzyme to diets containing alfalfa meal did not affect the performance and carcass parameters, but reduced the intestinal histomorphology parameters in quails. According to the results obtained from the experiment, it can be said that the use of alfalfa meal in growing quail diets did not affect the performance, but the use of alfalfa meal at the level of 2.5% in the diet promotes intestinal development.

scholarly journals Administration of Saccharomyces boulardii mafic-1701 improves feed conversion ratio, promotes antioxidant capacity, alleviates intestinal inflammation and modulates gut microbiota in weaned piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxiu Zhang ◽  
Chengling Bao ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Jianjun Zang ◽  
Yunhe Cao
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Saccharomyces Boulardii ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Treatment Groups

Abstract Background Probiotics are used as a means to improve animal health and intestinal development. Saccharomyces boulardii is a well-known probiotic; however, few studies have examined the effects of S. boulardii on weaned piglet performance. Therefore, this 28-day study compared the effects of S. boulardii mafic-1701 and aureomycin in diets for weaned piglets on growth performance, antioxidant parameters, inflammation and intestinal microbiota. One hundred and eight piglets, weaned at 28 d of age (8.5 ± 1.1 kg), were randomly divided into the three dietary treatment groups with six pens and six piglets per pen (half male and half female). The dietary treatment groups were as follows: 1) basal diet (CON); 2) basal diet supplemented with 75 mg/kg aureomycin (ANT); 3) basal diet supplemented with 1 × 108 CFU/kg S. boulardii mafic-1701 (SB). Results Compared to CON group, SB group had higher feed efficiency (P < 0.05) in the last 14 d and lower diarrhea rate (P <  0.05) over the entire 28 d. Total superoxide dismutase in serum was markedly increased in SB group (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with CON group, SB group decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (P <  0.01) and Tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.05) in jejunum. Supplementation of S. boulardii mafic-1701 increased the abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG_009 and Turicibacter (P < 0.05), whereas the abundance of unclassified_Clostridiaceae_4 was decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, S. boulardii mafic-1701 administration increased cecal concentration of microbial metabolites, isobutyrate and valerate (P < 0.05). Conclusions The improvement in feed conversion ratio, reduction in diarrhea rate in weaned piglets provided diets supplemented with S. boulardii mafic-1701 may be associated with enhanced antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory responses and improved intestinal microbial ecology.

scholarly journals Administration of Saccharomyces boulardii mafic-1701 improves feed conversion ratio, promotes antioxidant capacity, alleviates intestinal inflammation and modulates gut microbiota in weaned piglets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxiu Zhang ◽  
Chengling Bao ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Jianjun Zang ◽  
Yunhe Cao
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Saccharomyces Boulardii ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Treatment Groups

Abstract Background: Probiotics are used as a means to improve animal health and intestinal development. Saccharomyces boulardii is a well-known probiotic; however, few studies have examined the effects of S. boulardii on weaned piglet performance. Therefore, this 28-day study compared the effects of S. boulardii mafic-1701 and aureomycin in diets for weaned piglets on growth performance, antioxidant parameters, inflammation and intestinal microbiota. One hundred and eight piglets, weaned at 28 d of age (8.5 ± 1.1 kg), were randomly divided into the three dietary treatment groups with six pens and six piglets per pen (half male and half female). The dietary treatment groups were as follows: (1) basal diet (CON); (2) basal diet supplemented with 75 mg/kg aureomycin (ANT); (3) basal diet supplemented with 1 × 108 CFU/kg S. boulardii mafic-1701 (SB).Results: Compared to CON group, SB group had higher feed efficiency (P < 0.05) in the last 14 days and lower diarrhea rate (P < 0.05) over the entire 28 days. Total superoxide dismutase in serum was markedly increased in SB group (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with CON group, SB group decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (P < 0.01) and Tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.05) in jejunum. Supplementation of S. boulardii mafic-1701 increased the abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG_009 and Turicibacter (P < 0.05), whereas the abundance of unclassified_Clostridiaceae_4 was decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, S. boulardii mafic-1701 administration increased cecal concentration of microbial metabolites, isobutyrate and valerate (P < 0.05).Conclusions: The improvement in feed conversion ratio, reduction in diarrhea rate in weaned piglets provided diets supplemented with S. boulardii mafic-1701 may be associated with enhanced antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory responses and improved intestinal microbial ecology.

scholarly journals Treonine Dayalı Yem Seçiminin Erkek Etlik Piliçlerde Performans ve Karkas Özelliklerine Etkisi

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tugay Ayasan ◽  
Ferda Okan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Choice Feeding

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of choice feeding based on threonine on performance characteristics and carcass parameters of male broiler chicks. Day old, thirty Ross 308 male chicks were divided into two dietary treatment groups. In the experiment, choice feding did not affect on body weight gain, feed conversion ratio. Feed intake and carcass parameters significantly affected by experimental treatments.

scholarly journals Comparative Study On The Productivity And Profitability Of Commercial Broiler, Cockerel Of A Layer Strain And Cross-Bred (Rir × Fayoumi) Chicks

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
PK Sarkar ◽  
SD Chowdhury ◽  
MH Kabir ◽  
PK Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Target Weight ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Maximum Profit ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Live Bird

An experiment was conducted to compare the productivity and profitability of commercial broiler, cockerel and cross-bred (F1 RIR ? × Fayoumi ?) chicks up to target body weights of 850, 1000 and 1250g. Two hundred sixteen birds of 3 genotypes each of 72 birds having 18 chicks in each replication were considered. Commercial broiler starter diet was fed to experimental birds ad libitum. Similar care and management were provided to birds of all treatment groups. Commercial broilers attained the target weights of 850, 1000 and 1250g at the age of 21, 24 and 28 days respectively whereas cockerels attained weights close to those targets at 56, 63 and 74 days respectively and in the case of cross-breds, the days were 63, 77 and 90 for those target weights respectively. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was best in broilers, followed by cockerels and cross-bred chicks respectively. The highest mortality (8.3%) was found in cross-bred group when reared up to target weight of 1250g. The mortality of broiler was 1.4% and no bird was died in cockerel group. Broiler was most profitable (21.11 Tk/kg live bird) at the target weight of 1250g whereas profit from cockerel varied little (21.78, 21.07 and 21.63 Tk/kg live bird against the target weights of 850, 1000 and 1250g respectively) amoung target weights. Therefore, appropriate weight to market these birds was at 850g to minimize the risk of diseases and other management works. Marketing of cross-bred chicks was most profitable (8.43 Tk/kg live bird) at 850g target weight and loss was incurred when rearing was continued up to 1250g. On the basis of results of productivity, it was concluded that commercial broiler, cockerel and cross-bred chicks could be reared upto 28, 56 and 63 days respectively to reach target weights close to 1250, 850 and 850g respectively to obtain maximum profit.? DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v37i2.9886 BJAS 2008; 37(2): 89-98

scholarly journals Results of selection for breast muscle percentage and feed conversion ratio in Pekin ducks

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Pingel
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Selection For

Increasing breast muscle percentage by selection for breast layer thickness (muscle and skin) of living ducks by needle probe improves carcass quality as could be demonstrated by experiments and by applied breeding programs. In addition direct selection for individual feed conversion ratio can increase the efficiency of duck meat production. Divergent selection for feed conversion ratio from the age of 4 - 7 weeks over 11 generations has differentiated the feed efficiency by about 25 %. Causes for the reduction in feed conversion ratio are lower fat content of carcass, lower locomotor activity, higher enzymatic activity (alkaline phosphatase and creatinkinase in blood plasma) and better feed protein utilization. Because of lower feed consumption in the line selected for lower feed conversion ratio the emission of nitrogen and phosphorus via manure was reduced by about 39 and 26 %, respectively. That means, selection for better feed efficiency is not only an important economical but also an important ecological factor.

An improved method of diet preparation for toxicological feeding experiments

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Morrissey ◽  
W. P. Norred
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Preparation Time ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Animal Feeding

Groups of 30 rats each were fed 1 of 4 diets to determine feeding preference for freeze-dried meal compared to dry meal, and to determine if 3% agar is a desirable component of freeze-dried meal. The diets were: dry meal, meal+distilled water(freeze-dried), meal+3% agar in distilled water(freeze-dried), and meal+3% agar in distilled water(gel). Diet preparation, and the method for introducing a toxin in a toxicological study, is described. Feed consumption, bodyweight, and observational data were collected. Rats ate freeze-dried meal in amounts comparable to dry meal. There were no significant variations in feed conversion ratios among the dietary treatment groups. Agar is not required for freeze-dried diets, and we recommend that it be omitted to save resources and preparation time. Freeze-dried diets have a longer storage and cage life, thus the frequency of diet preparation, animal feeding and dean-up arc reduced. For studies involving a toxin, these factors would reduce the potential for accidental exposure of personnel to potentially harmful materials.

scholarly journals Effects of Herbal Essential Oil Mixture as a Dietary Supplement on Egg Production in Quail

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metin Çabuk ◽  
Serdar Eratak ◽  
Ahmet Alçicek ◽  
Mehmet Bozkurt
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Treatment Groups

One hundred and eighty 7-week-old laying quail were fed various diets over a 12-week period. The diets included a control diet (without essential oil mixture (EOM) or antibiotics (ANTs)), a basal diet including EOM (24 mg/kg feed), and a basal diet including an ANT (avilamycin, 10 mg/kg feed). Each treatment comprised 4 replications with 4 cages (15 quail per cage), amounting to 60 quail per treatment group. Diets (in mash form) and water were provided forad libitumconsumption. EOM consisted of 6 different essential oils derived from the following herbs: oregano (Origanumsp.), laurel leaf (Laurus nobilisL.), sage leaf (Salvia trilobaL.), myrtle leaf (Myrtus communis), fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare), and citrus peel (Citrussp.). In comparison with the control diet, adding supplements such as EOM and ANTs to the basal diet increased egg production in quail (P<0.001). However, egg production was similar between EOM and ANT treatment groups. Moreover, there were no differences between the treatment groups with regard to egg weight. Feed intake was not affected by EOM or ANT supplementation, whereas feed conversion ratio was significantly improved by EOM and ANT supplementation. Thus, we concluded that EOM has beneficial effects as a dietary supplement on egg production and feed conversion ratio.

scholarly journals Betaine and Antioxidants Improve Growth Performance, Breast Muscle Development and Ameliorate Thermoregulatory Responses to Cyclic Heat Exposure in Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Shakeri ◽  
Jeremy Cottrell ◽  
Stuart Wilkinson ◽  
Mitchell Ringuet ◽  
John Furness ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Muscle Weight

Heat stress (HS) is an environmental stressor challenging poultry production and requires a strategy to cope with it. A total of 288-day-old male broiler chicks were fed with one of the following diets: basal diet, basal with betaine (BET), or with selenium and vitamin E (AOX), or with a combination of BET and AOX, under thermoneutral and cyclic HS. Results showed that HS reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p = 0.01) and average daily gain (ADG) (p < 0.001), and impaired feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p = 0.03) during rearing period (0–42 day). BET increased ADG (p = 0.001) and decreased FCR (p = 0.02), whereas AOX had no effects. Breast muscle weight was decreased by HS (p < 0.001) and increased by BET (p < 0.001). Rectal temperature was increased by HS (p < 0.001) and improved by BET overall. Respiration rate was increased by HS (p < 0.001), but BET decreased it during HS (p = 0.04). Jejunum transepithelial resistance was reduced by HS and had no effect on permeability whereas BET increased jejunum permeability (p = 0.013). Overall, the reductions in ADG of broiler chickens during HS were ameliorated by supplementation with BET, with much of the increase in ADG being breast muscle.

scholarly journals Growth performance of starter broiler starter chicks fed soaked and fermented baobab (Adansonia digitata) seed meal based diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
A. R. Akintunde ◽  
I. H. Saidu ◽  
M. A. Oguntoye ◽  
H. K. Mohammed ◽  
A. Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Means of cutting down cost of feed resources in order to bridge the wide gap between demand and supply of animal protein in livestock production is a great concern in the poultry industry. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding diets containing soaked and fermented Baobab seed meal (BSM) on the growth performance of broiler starter chicks. A total of 150, one-day old chicks were randomly distributed into five treatment groups. Treatments were replicated three times with 10 chicks per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). The dietary groups were designated as T1 for control (0 % BSM), T2 (7.5 % SBSM), T3 (15.0% SBSM), T4 (22.5% FBSM) and T5 (30 % FBSM). Parameters monitored include final weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, feed cost per kg gain (N) and mortality (%) The experiment lasted for 4 weeks. The results showed that the dietary treatments had significant (P<0.05) effect on all the parameters measured. Final weight and total weight gain were similar and significantly (P<0.05) higher in birds fed diets T2 and T4 when compared to other dietary treatments. However, birds in T5 group had the least significant (P<0.05) values 366.67 and 217.34 g/bird respectively. Daily weight gain (7.76 g/bird/day), total and daily feed intake (873.33 g and 31.19 g/bird/day) of birds followed similar trend and were significantly (P<0.05) lower in T5 group compared to other treatments. Feed conversion ratio of birds fed diet T5 had significantly (P<0.05) higher value (4.29) when compared to those in other treatment groups. Feed cost per kg gain (N) was significantly (P<0.05) lower and similar in birds fed T2, T3 and T4 when compared to values obtained in the control group (N253.27) and T5 (N 327.52). Mortality (%) only occurred in birds fed T5. It was therefore concluded that inclusion of 22.5% fermented baobab seed meal in broiler diets improved performance and had no negative effect on the health status of birds.     Des moyens de réduire le coût des ressources alimentaires afin de combler le defi posé à cause de la demande et l'approvisionnement en protéines animales dans la production animale est une grande préoccupation dans l'industrie avicole. Cette étude a été menée pour étudier l'effet des regimes alimentaires contenant de la farine de graines de baobab trempée et fermentée (le 'BSM') sur les performances de croissance des poussins de départ. Un total de 150 poussins âgés d'un jour ont été répartis au hasard en cinq groupes de traitement. Les traitements ont été répliqués trois fois avec 10 poussins par réplique dans une conception complètement randomisée (le 'CRD'). Les groupes diététiques ont été désignés comme T1 pour le contrôle (0% BSM), T2 (7,5% SBSM), T3 (15,0% SBSM), T4 (22,5% FBSM) et T5 (30% FBSM). Les paramètres surveillés comprennent le poids final, le gain de poids, la prise alimentaire, le taux de conversion alimentaire, le coût de l'alimentation par kg de gain (N) et la mortalité (%). L'expérience a duré 4 semaines. Les résultats ont montré que les traitements diététiques avaient un effet significatif (P <0,05) sur tous les paramètres mesurés. Le poids final et le gain de poids total étaient similaires et significativement (P<0,05) plus élevés chez les oiseaux nourris avec les régimes T2 et T4 par rapport aux autres traitements diététiques. Cependant, les oiseaux du groupe T5 avaient les valeurs les moins significatives (P <0,05) 366,67 et 217,34 g / oiseau respectivement. Le gain de poids quotidien (7,76 g / oiseau / jour), l'apport alimentaire total et quotidien (873,33 g et 31,19 g / oiseau / jour) des oiseaux ont suivi une tendance similaire et étaient significativement (P<0,05) inférieurs dans le groupe T5 par rapport aux autres traitements. Le rapport de conversion alimentaire des oiseaux nourris au régime alimentaire T5 avait une valeur significativement plus élevée (P <0,05) (4,29) par rapport à ceux des autres groupes de traitement. Le coût de l'alimentation par kg de gain (N) était significativement (P <0,05) plus faible et similaire chez les oiseaux nourris T2, T3 et T4 par rapport aux valeurs obtenues dans le groupe témoin (N253,27) et T5 (N 327,52). La mortalité (%) n'est survenue que chez les oiseaux nourris au T5. Il a donc été conclu que l'inclusion de farine de graines de baobab fermentée à 22,5% dans les régimes alimentaires des poulets de chair améliorait les performances et n'avait aucun effet négatif sur l'état de santé des oiseaux.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document