Reasons for keeping dairy goats in Tanzania, and possible goals for a sustainable breeding program

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. C. Nziku ◽  
G. C. Kifaro ◽  
L. O. Eik ◽  
T. Steine ◽  
T. Ådnøy
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Animal Identification ◽  
Breeding Goals ◽  
And Performance

This research aimed at describing reasons for keeping dairy goats in Tanzania, and possible goals for a sustainable breeding program. Three districts, each representing a unique dairy goat breed population, were selected for the study. The Saanen, Toggenburg and Norwegian were the main dairy goat breeds in Arumeru, Babati, and Mvomero districts, respectively. A total of 125 dairy goat farmers were interviewed. A holistic approach of both quantitative and qualitative research methods was used to study the perceptions of farmers. More milk yield, sale of breeding stock and manure were the highest ranked reasons for keeping dairy goats. The reasons were coherent to the production systems. The three most preferred traits for improvement were milk yield, adaptability and twinning ability. These preferences were absolutely important in the context of the referred production system. Selection of replacement stock, animal identification and performance recording were the main challenges emphasised by farmers. The present study views these challenges as a result of knowledge gaps in animal breeding that require solutions. Based on result findings it is suggested that the milk yield and survival traits should be the primary dairy goat breeding goals. Generally, there are possibilities for developing sustainable dairy goat breeding programs in the surveyed areas given relevant breeding goals are incorporated. The design of simple and manageable dairy goat breeding schemes is necessary.

Effects of handling dairy goat replacements in early life on behaviour when first entering the milking parlour

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 190-190
Author(s):  
K.M. Dedman ◽  
M.J. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
And Performance

The handling of animals by their keepers, particularly in early life, has been shown to influence the subsequent behaviour and performance of various domestic farm species (Lyons, Price and Moberg, 1988; Hemsworth and Barnett, 1992). When production systems require animals to be handled frequently and in situations where their collaboration is essential, such as dairying, then the animals' placidity and tractability becomes essential. The aim of the experiment was to establish if handling goat kids for a few weeks after birth would influence behaviour when they were subsequently milked.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Kenya Alpine Dairy Goat Milk Production in Nyeri Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mburu Monica ◽  
Mugendi Beatrice ◽  
Makhoka Anselimo ◽  
Muhoho Simon
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Semi Arid

<p>In Kenya use of exotic dairy goats in breeding programmes for smallholder production systems has become popular, but information on the milk production is scarce. A study was carried out to assess the milk yield of dairy goats reared in high potential and semi arid areas of Nyeri County. This involved 190 smallholder farmers rearing Alphine dairy goats in Nyeri County and registered with Dairy Goat association of Kenya (DGAK). Which formed 100% sampling of the population under study. The grade, feeding practices and age of the dairy goats were evaluated. The dairy goat average milk production was 1.90 litres per day, with the appendix grade in Kieni East giving the highest production of 2.69 liters per day while foundation grade in Mukurweini gave the lowest, 0.98 litres per day. The higher milk production in Kieni East, which is a semi arid area, was noted to be due to good feeding practices where 43% of the farmers used concentrates during milking and also 48% supplemented the feed with minerals. In the high potential area of Mukurweini none of the farmers used mineral supplements with only 5% using concentrates during milking. The age of the dam significantly affected the average milk production, with the onset of production being the age of 2.0 years, reaching the peak at the age of 6.5 years. Kieni East, gave the highest production of 4.2 litres at the age of 6 years. The results demonstrated that the low-input farming conditions affected the Alphine goats milk production.</p>

Influence of forage: concentrate ratio and type of starch in the diet on feeding behaviour, dietary preferences, digestion, metabolism and performance of dairy goats in mid lactation

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Abijaoudé ◽  
P. Morand-Fehr ◽  
J. Tessier ◽  
P. Schmidely ◽  
D. Sauvant
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
And Performance ◽  
C 30

AbstractIn a 12-week trial, 12 Alpine and 12 Saanen dairy goats in mid lactation were housed in individual stalls for behavioural, digestive and metabolic studies. Eight of them were fitted with ruminal cannulae. They were offered ad libitum four complete diets CR, CS, FR and FS (450 g dry matter (DM) per kg) in a 4✕4 Latin-square design. Forage: concentrate ratio was either low (C = 30: 70) or high (F = 55: 45) and starch source either rapidly (R, barley) or slowly (S, maize) degraded in the rumen.Diet preferences were tested. DM intake, chewing activities and performance were determined. Ruminal pH and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) concentrations were measured. Goats were also challenged intravenously with glucose (0·2 g/kg live weight) to assess glucose homeostasis.CR was the most preferred diet. The level of intake differed according to the type of starch (2·2 kg DM per day of CR and FR and 2·0 kg DM per day of CS and FS). FS lowered ruminal pH significantly less than the other diets after the meal. Ruminal NH3-N concentrations were lower in goats given CR and CS than FR and FS. Goats’ resistance to a glucose challenge was not different among diets. Milk yield was 2·00, 1·85, 2·01, 1·85 kg/day on CR, CS, FR and FS respectively. Milk fat content decreased significantly with diets rich in concentrate (24 v. 26 g/kg milk) but milk protein content varied only a little.In conclusion it appears that (1) higher forage: concentrate ratios were less preferred and decreased ruminal acidity but increased daily chewing, ruminal NH3-N and milk fat content; and (2) rapidly degraded starch increased intake, ruminal acidity and milk yield.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Different Test-Day Milk Recording Protocols by Wood’s Model Application for the Estimation of Dairy Goat Milk and Milk Constituent Yield

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1058
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Landi ◽  
Aristide Maggiolino ◽  
Angela Salzano ◽  
Salvatore Claps ◽  
Pasquale De Palo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Fitting In ◽  
Wood Model

Goats have important social and economic roles in many countries because of their ability to survive and be productive in marginal areas. The overarching aim of this study was to compare the application of Wood’s model to different test-day milk recording protocols for estimation of total milk, fat, and protein yield in dairy goats. A total of 465 goats were used (Garganica, 78; Girgentana, 81; Jonica, 76; Maltese, 77; Red Mediterranean, 76; Saanen, 77). Milk yield was recorded every 15 days throughout lactation of 210 days, for a total of 14 collection days, during both morning and afternoon milking sessions. Milk samples were collected and analyzed for protein and fat. The fat-corrected milk was standardized at 35g fat/kg of milk. Wood models showed high R2 values, and thus good fitting, in all the considered breeds. Wood model applied to first, second, fourth, and sixth month recordings (C) and ICAR estimation showed total milk yield very close to Wood’s model applied to all 14 recordings (A) (p > 0.38). Differently, Wood’s model applied to the first, second, third, and fourth month recording (B) estimation showed great differences (p < 0.01). This could be applied for farms that had the necessity to synchronize flock groups for kidding in order to produce kid meat. In farms that apply the estrus induction and/or synchronization for kidding, it would be possible to perform only four test-day milk recordings and to apply the Wood’s model on them in order to obtain the estimation of total milk, fat, and protein yield during lactation for animals inscribed, or to be inscribed, to the genealogical book.

Expanding the contribution of dairy goats in efficient and sustainable production systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Liang ◽  
C. Devendra
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Sustainable Food Production

Goats contribute significantly to human nutrition, food security and income of resource-poor small farmers in Asia, Africa and beyond. Because of the high content of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids in goat milk, it is beneficial for human health resulting in it being sold at premium prices of three to nine times the price of cow milk in countries like China, Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. Goats play a significant role in farming systems that directly impact on the capacity of rural farmers striving for the objective of sustainable food production systems. Increasing sustainable food production, particularly of animal proteins, presents major challenges to these small farms in the face of massive demands that are driven by rapid growth of human populations and increased availability of disposable income. In the last two decades, expanding market demand for goat milk has resulted in the establishment of commercial dairy goat farms in several newly developed South-east Asian countries. Major challenges to expanding production exist, and include ways to utilise the well-adapted features inherent in goats and their potential production to benefit the small and commercial farmers alike. Increasing the knowledge base is a priority to stimulate improved production systems and, increased the income of dairy goat farmers and other people involved in the industry. The recent establishment of the Asian-Australasian Dairy Goat Network supported jointly by FAO and Universiti Putra Malaysia, and national programs of participating countries, are committed to address these objectives and facilitate much-needed improvements to sustain dairy goat production systems in Asia and beyond.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effect of the Inclusion of Silage Artichoke By-Products in Diets of Dairy Goats on Milk Quality

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Monllor ◽  
Gema Romero ◽  
Esther Sendra ◽  
Alberto Stanislao Atzori ◽  
José Ramón Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Milk Lipid ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
By Products

Artichoke by-products represent a high amount of waste whose removal entails several costs. Moreover, feed is the main cost in a farm. So, including these by-products in ruminant diets would lower feed costs. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of two levels of inclusion, 12.5% and 25.0%, of two silages of artichoke by-products (artichoke bracts, AB and artichoke plant, AP) in the diet of goats on the milk yield, composition and quality and on the metabolic profile of the animals. AB presented the lowest blood urea content and there were no differences in milk yield in the two experiments. However, with 25.0% of silage by-product in the diet, a higher fat content was observed in AB and of protein in AP, as well as this treatment showing a slightly higher Se content. Regarding the milk lipid profile, milk from 12.5% of AP treatment presented a higher PUFA content. In conclusion, the use of silage artichoke by-products in dairy goat diets does not jeopardise milk yield and quality and health status of animals and, from a nutritional point of view for human health, a slightly better mineral and lipid profile is observed in milk from AP treatments.

scholarly journals Understanding seasonal weight loss tolerance in dairy goats: a transcriptomics approach

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ricardo Parreira ◽  
Lorenzo Enrique Hernández-Castellano ◽  
Anastasio Argüello ◽  
Juan Capote ◽  
Noemí Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Restricted Group ◽  
Dry Seasons

Abstract Background Seasonal weight loss (SWL) is a very important limitation to the production of ruminants in the Mediterranean and Tropical regions. In these areas, long dry seasons lead to poor pastures with low nutritional value. During the dry season, ruminants, particularly those raised in extensive production systems, lose around 30% of their body weight. Seasonal weight loss has important consequences on animal productive performance and health. In this study, RNA sequencing was used to characterize feed restriction effects in dairy goat of 2 breeds with different SWL tolerance: Majorera (tolerant) and Palmera (susceptible). Nine Majorera and ten Palmera goats were randomly distributed in a control and a restricted group: Majorera Control (adequately fed; MC; n = 4), Palmera Control (adequately fed; PC; n = 6), Majorera Restricted (feed restricted; ME; n = 5) and Palmera Restricted (feed restricted; PE; n = 4). On day 22 of the trial, mammary gland biopsies were collected for transcriptomics analysis. Results From these samples, 24,260 unique transcripts were identified. From those, 82 transcripts were differentially expressed between MC and ME, 99 between PC and PE, twelve between both control groups and twenty-nine between both restricted groups. Conclusions Feed restriction affected several biochemical pathways in both breeds such as: carbohydrate and lipid transport; intracellular trafficking, RNA processing and signal transduction. This research also highlights the importance or involvement of the genes in tolerance (ENPP1, S-LZ, MT2A and GPNB) and susceptibility (GPD1, CTPS1, ELOVL6 and NR4A1) to SWL with respectively higher expression in the Majorera restriced group and the Palmera restricted group in comparison to the control groups. In addition, results from the study may be extrapolated to other dairy ruminant species.

scholarly journals Long-Term Feeding of Dairy Goats with Broccoli By-Product and Artichoke Plant Silages: Milk Yield, Quality and Composition

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1670
Author(s):  
Paula Monllor ◽  
Raquel Muelas ◽  
Amparo Roca ◽  
Alberto Atzori ◽  
José Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Lower Ratio ◽  
The Cost

The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of a 40% inclusion of broccoli by-product (BB) and artichoke plant (AP) silages in dairy goat diets on the milk yield, composition and animal health status during a full lactation. Feed consumption was lower in AP and BB animals due to their composition and higher moisture content, and BB animals showed a significant reduction in body weight. Milk from the BB treatment had the highest fat content, total solids and useful dry matter content (5.02, 13.9 and 8.39%, respectively). The Se level was slightly lower in AP and BB animals; however, the milk of these treatments was the lowest in Na and, in the case of BB animals, the richest in Ca (1267 mg/kg). Control and AP milk showed a similar fatty acid profile, although AP had a more beneficial aptitude for human health (lower ratio of n6/n3, 12.5). Plasma components, as metabolic parameters, were adequate for goats. It was concluded that a 40% inclusion of AP is an adequate solution to reduce the cost of feeding without harming the animals’ health or performance and to improve the nutritional milk quality. It is necessary to lower the BB level of inclusion to increase feed consumption.

scholarly journals Effect of the Short-Term Incorporation of Different Proportions of Ensiled Artichoke By-Product on Milk Parameters and Health Status of Dairy Goats

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1649
Author(s):  
Paula Monllor ◽  
Raquel Muelas ◽  
Amparo Roca ◽  
Joel Bueso-Ródenas ◽  
Alberto Stanislao Atzori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dairy Goats

The use of local agricultural by-products for animal feed is an alternative that reduces livestock production costs and allows food production of greater environmental sustainability. The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of the inclusion in the dairy goat ration of artichoke by-product silage (ABS) at three levels (25%, 40% and 60%, on a dry matter basis) on the milk yield, composition and quality, and on the metabolic profile of dairy goats. Thirty-six Murciano-Granadina dairy goats in mid-lactation were divided into four groups with homogeneous characteristics. Each group was assigned a diet: a control treatment (C) that consisted of a conventional diet of alfalfa hay and concentrate, and three other treatments that included 25, 40 and 60% ABS: ABS25, ABS40 and ABS60. Small differences were observed in the milk yield and quality and the health status of the animals. Only ABS60 presented a slightly lower milk yield (−20% compared to control group), without relevant differences in the milk composition and mineral profile. Regarding the lipid profile, ABS40 was the treatment with the best milk quality, due to a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (4.37%) and lower atherogenicity (1.90) and thrombogenicity indices (3.05), without differences from C. It was concluded that the maximum inclusion level of ABS in dairy goats’ diet should be equal to 40%.

scholarly journals Breeding goals and selection criteria for intensive and semi-intensive dairy goat system in Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 110-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Brito Lopes ◽  
Arcadio de los Reyes Borjas ◽  
Marcelo Correia da Silva ◽  
Olivardo Facó ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Lôbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Breeding Goals
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