Individual difference in faecal and urine equol excretion and their correlation with intestinal microbiota in large white sows

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijiang Zheng ◽  
Xun Zhang ◽  
Wen Yao
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Large White ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

Equol is an end metabolite of daidzein produced by the intestinal microbiota, exhibiting stronger antioxidant and estrogenic activities. It has been proposed that the beneficial effects of soybean/phytoestrogens may be dependent on the intestinal equol-producing ability, i.e. the equol hypothesis. The ‘equol hypothesis’ has been well applied to human clinical studies. However, the information of equol-producing ability in sows is quite limited. In this study, the individual differences and correlation between equol excretion and intestinal microbiota in large white sows were assayed. The results showed faecal equol levels of 0.14–17.85 μg/g (coefficient of variation: 61.22%) and urinary equol levels of 0.53–8.19 μg/mL (coefficient of variation: 54.72%). The levels of equol and daidzein correlated positively in both urine and faeces (P < 0.05). The levels of daidzein and ratio of equol : daidzein in both faeces and urine were significantly higher than equol status (P < 0.01). Cluster analysis of denatured gradient gel electrophoresis patterns showed that faecal samples with similar equol concentrations had similar microbial composition. The Shannon diversity and bands number in gel was significant negatively correlative with faecal equol status (P < 0.001). The population of total bacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes correlated negatively with faecal equol production (P < 0.05). Positive correlations were found between urinary equol production and the population of bacteroidetes and methanogen-producing bacteria (P < 0.05), demonstrating for the first time the relationship between equol excretions and gut interspecies H2 transfer in sows.

scholarly journals P837 Changes in the intestinal microbiota of patients with inflammatory bowel disease during an 8-week infliximab infusion cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S649-S649
Author(s):  
G Seong ◽  
J H Song ◽  
J Shin ◽  
S M Kong ◽  
E R Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Infliximab Infusion ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background This study investigated changes in the intestinal microbiota during 8-week infliximab maintenance therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with clinical remission. Microbial compositional differences were analysed according to the trough level of infliximab (TLI) and mucosal healing (MH) status. Methods 16S rRNA gene-based microbiome profiling was performed on 10 and 74 faecal samples from 10 healthy volunteers and 40 adult IBD patients, respectively. All enrolled IBD patients were in clinical remission during infliximab maintenance therapy. To identify changes in the intestinal microbiota, faecal sampling occurred at 1–2 weeks (1W) and 7–8 weeks (7W) after infliximab infusion. TLI was measured by ELISA at 8 weeks immediately before the subsequent infusion; MH was evaluated by endoscopy within 3 months. Results No significant differences were found in microbial composition, species richness, and diversity indices between 1W and 7W samples or in microbial composition and diversity between healthy volunteer and 1W or 7W samples. However, 7W faecal samples from the patients with TLI≥5 μg/ml showed increased species richness compared with TLI&lt;5 μg/ml, and patients with MH showed increased species diversity compared with non-MH. Beta-diversity analysis showed clustering between samples in the MH and non-MH groups. LefSe analysis identified differential expression of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii group between TLI &lt; 5 μg/ml and TLI ≥ 5 μg/ml and MH and non-MH groups. Conclusion There were no significant changes in the intestinal microbiota during an 8-week infliximab infusion cycle in IBD patients with clinical remission; however, microbial composition, species richness, and diversity were associated with TLI and MH status.

scholarly journals Interactions between Teladorsagia circumcincta Infections and Microbial Composition of Sheep with or without Successful Monepantel Treatment—A Preliminary Study

Ruminants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Craig A. Watkins ◽  
Dave J. Bartley ◽  
Burcu Gündüz Ergün ◽  
Büşra Yıldızhan ◽  
Tracy Ross-Watt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Preliminary Study

Nematodes are one of the main impactors on the health, welfare and productivity of farmed animals. Teladorsagia circumcincta are endemic throughout many sheep-producing countries, particularly in the northern hemisphere, and contribute to the pathology and economic losses seen on many farms. Control of these nematode infections is essential and heavily reliant on chemotherapy (anthelmintics), but this has been compromised by the development of anthelmintic resistance. In mammals, the composition of the intestinal microbiota has been shown to have a significant effect on overall health. The interactions between host, microbiota and pathogens are complex and influenced by numerous factors. In this study, comparisons between intestinal and faecal microbiota of sheep infected with sensitive or resistant strains of T. circumcincta, with or without monepantel administration were assessed. The findings from both faecal samples and terminal ileum mucosal scrapings showed clear differences between successfully treated animals and those sheep that were left untreated and/or those carrying resistant nematodes. Specifically, the potentially beneficial genus Bifidobacterium was identified as elevated in successfully treated animals. The detection of these and other biomarkers will provide the basis for new therapeutic reagents particularly relevant to the problems of emerging multidrug anthelmintic resistance.

scholarly journals Rubidium chloride modulated the intestinal microbiota community in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Chen ◽  
Zhiguo He ◽  
Yuting Zhuo ◽  
Shuzhen Li ◽  
Wenjing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in host health. Although rubidium (Rb) has been used to study for depression and cancers, the interaction between intestinal microbial commensals and Rb is still unexplored. To gain the knowledge of the relationship between Rb and intestinal microbes, 51 mice receiving RbCl-based treatment and 13 untreated mice were evaluated of their characteristics and bacterial microbiome changes. Results The 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of feces showed RbCl generally maintained the microbial community diversity, while the shifts in gut microbial composition were apparent after RbCl exposure for the first time. RbCl significantly enhanced the abundances of Rikenellaceae, Alistipes, Clostridium XlVa and sulfate-reducing bacteria including Deltaproteobacteria, Desulfovibrionales, Desulfovibrionaceae and Desulfovibrio. While, RbCl significantly inhibited the abundances of Tenericutes, Mollicutes, Anaeroplasmatales, Anaeroplasmataceae and Anaeroplasma lineages. Besides, with regarding to the composition of archaea, RbCl significantly enhanced the abundances of Crenarchaeota, Thermoprotei, Sulfolobales, Sulfolobaceae and Sulfolobus lineages. Conclusions These results revealed that enrichments of Clostridium XlVa, Alistipes and sulfate-reducing bacteria could act on brain-gut-microbiota axis by affecting serotonergic system and immune system. Therefore, it was likely that RbCl would have beneficial anti-effects on depression and cancers by modifying brain-gut-microbiota axis.

Analysis of the Intestinal Microbiota in Autistic Patients by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-446
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Honglin Zhang ◽  
Renmin Zhang ◽  
Zhiyu Bai ◽  
Zhimao Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

To analyze the differences in the composition of the intestinal microbiota between the autistic and healthy children, we selected 45 autistic and 20 control children aged 2 to 9 years to collect their fecal samples. The total microbial genome DNA of each fecal sample was extracted, and the V3 regions of microbial 16S rRNA genes were amplified. The intestinal microbial composition of both study groups was detected by PCR-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Quantity One and Biodap software were used to analyze the diversity and similarity of bacterial populations, and SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. The denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis profiles documented significant differences in the composition of intestinal microflora between the autism and control groups. Analysis of the excised bands demonstrated the abundance of bacteria species assigned to the genus Escherichia/Shigella in the gastrointestinal tract of the autism group but a low content in the control group. An opposite result was obtained for the Bacteroides genus. These data indicate that intestinal microbial composition may is correlated with the occurrence of the autism.

scholarly journals Mucosal immune system: the regulatory action of probiotics

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
N G Astafieva ◽  
I V Gamova ◽  
E N Udovitchenko ◽  
I A Perfilova ◽  
D Y Kobzev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Mucosal Immune System ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Regulatory Action ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
First Time

The evidence of the beneficial effects of dairy products on the intestinal microflora was given for the first time in 1908 by I.I. Mechnikov in the famous article «A few words about the sour milk». Since that time probiotics - the living microorganisms for regulation of intestinal microbiota are the case of interest. Interactions between the probiotics and macroorganism are very complex and include a network of genes receptors, signaling molecules and a variety of other factors that determine the natural course of the disease.

Victorian Pain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Ablow
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Victorian Literature ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Harriet Martineau ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Natural Philosophers ◽  
First Time

The nineteenth century introduced developments in science and medicine that made the eradication of pain conceivable for the first time. This new understanding of pain brought with it a complex set of moral and philosophical dilemmas. If pain serves no obvious purpose, how do we reconcile its existence with a well-ordered universe? Examining how writers of the day engaged with such questions, this book offers a compelling new literary and philosophical history of modern pain. The book provides close readings of novelists Charlotte Brontë and Thomas Hardy and political and natural philosophers John Stuart Mill, Harriet Martineau, and Charles Darwin, as well as a variety of medical, scientific, and popular writers of the Victorian age. The book explores how discussions of pain served as investigations into the status of persons and the nature and parameters of social life. No longer conceivable as divine trial or punishment, pain in the nineteenth century came to seem instead like a historical accident suggesting little or nothing about the individual who suffers. A landmark study of Victorian literature and the history of pain, the book shows how these writers came to see pain as a social as well as a personal problem. Rather than simply self-evident to the sufferer and unknowable to anyone else, pain was also understood to be produced between persons—and even, perhaps, by the fictions they read.

THE ROLE OF PHAGE THERAPY IN THE FORMATION OF THE INTESTINAL MICROECOSYSTEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Gladkov S.F. ◽  
Perevoshchikova N.K. ◽  
Chernykh N.S. ◽  
Pichugina Yu.S. ◽  
Surkova M.A.
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Selective Decontamination ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
The Individual

The current adverse situation associated with the presence of a pandemic of allergic diseases is due to the lack of a scientifically based concept of treatment and prevention. The increased interest of researchers from different countries in the formation of immunological tolerance by modeling the intestinal microbiota is of high importance. Methods of influence on the microbial communities of the child's intestine should be as delicate as possible, taking into account the individual genetic characteristics of the microecosystem and the possibility of anaphylaxis. Until now, probiotic drugs have been widely used to correct dysbiosis, but data is gradually accumulating that there is no convincing evidence base for their use for the treatment and prevention of atopy. The use of bacteriophages is very relevant and one of the promising, actively studied areas of correction of intestinal biocenosis today, which are an alternative to antibiotic and probiotic medications. Selective decontamination of representatives of opportunistic flora, as the main factor in the implementation of the atopic phenotype, makes it possible to preserve and accelerate the formation of a unique and individual composition of the intestinal microbiota of the child, which can form an immunoregulatory balance. More than a century of experience in the use of bacteriophages indicates the safety of their use. Today, bacteriophages are actively used in various fields of practical medicine − obstetrics-gynecology, perinatology, urology, pediatric otorhinolaryngology, in the treatment of purulent-septic and intestinal infections. In some cases, bacteriophages are very effective against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The active personalized use of bacteriophages in real clinical practice will make it possible to solve a number of serious, long-standing health problems in the Russian Federation and to win a world priority in this direction.

A University Education

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Willetts
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
University Education ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Universities have a crucial role in the modern world. In England, entrance to universities is by nation-wide competition which means English universities have an exceptional influence on schools--a striking theme of the book. This important book first investigates the university as an institution and then tracks the individual on their journey to and through university. In A University Education, David Willetts presents a compelling case for the ongoing importance of the university, both as one of the great institutions of modern society and as a transformational experience for the individual. The book also makes illuminating comparisons with higher education in other countries, especially the US and Germany. Drawing on his experience as UK Minister for Universities and Science from 2010 to 2014, the author offers a powerful account of the value of higher education and the case for more expansion. He covers controversial issues in which he was involved from access for disadvantaged students to the introduction of L9,000 fees. The final section addresses some of the big questions for the future, such as the the relationship between universities and business, especially in promoting innovation.. He argues that the two great contemporary trends of globalisation and technological innovation will both change the university significantly. This is an authoritative account of English universities setting them for the first time in their new legal and regulatory framework.

The Republic

2019 ◽  
pp. 205-229
Author(s):  
Dominic Scott
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Ideal State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Individual Justice ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Ideal

This chapter presents a reading of Plato’s Republic. The Republic is among Plato’s most complex works. From its title, the first-time reader will expect a dialogue about political theory, yet the work starts from the perspective of the individual, coming to focus on the question of how, if at all, justice contributes to an agent’s happiness. Only after this question has been fully set out does the work evolve into an investigation of politics—of the ideal state and of the institutions that sustain it, especially those having to do with education. But the interest in individual justice and happiness is never left behind. Rather, the work weaves in and out of the two perspectives, individual and political, right through to its conclusion. All this may leave one wondering about the unity of the work. The chapter shows that, despite the enormous range of topics discussed, the Republic fits together as a coherent whole.

Biosynthetic strategies for tetramic acid formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhua Mo ◽  
Tobias A. M. Gulder
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Acid Formation ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Tetramic Acid ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Clusters ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time ◽  
Acid Unit

Over 30 biosynthetic gene clusters for natural tetramate have been identified. This highlight reviews the biosynthetic strategies for formation of tetramic acid unit for the first time, discussing the individual molecular mechanism in detail.

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