Sugarcane tops as a substitute for sugarcane in high-concentrate diets for beef bulls

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julião R. L. Couto ◽  
Severino D. J. Villela ◽  
Mário H. F. Mourthé ◽  
Adalfredo R. Lobo-Jr ◽  
Roseli A. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Net Margin ◽  
Beef Bulls ◽  
Four Levels

Our objective was to evaluate the productive and economic performances of bulls fed increasing levels of sugarcane tops, as a substitute for sugarcane. Sixteen, 24-month-old, Nellore bulls (initial bodyweight = 360 ± 14.7 kg) were kept in a feedlot for 84 days, receiving a high-concentrate diet (80 : 20 concentrate : roughage ratio). Four levels of substitution were evaluated: T0 = no addition of sugarcane tops; T33 = 33% substitution; T66 = 66% substitution; and T100 = total substitution of sugarcane by sugarcane tops. Dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre intake, bodyweight gain, feed conversion and feed efficiency were evaluated as productive performance parameters, and as economic indicators, total revenue, total operating expenses, gross margin, and net margin. No effect (P ≥ 0.66) of diet was found for the studied variables. Average values of total bodyweight gain, average daily gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency were 102 ± 10.0 kg/animal, 1.2 ± 0.12 kg/day, 8.6 ± 0.72 and 0.12 ± 0.010, respectively. Unlike other treatments, the T100 net margin was positive, because of the lower cost of acquiring sugarcane tops compared with sugarcane. Partial or total substitution of sugarcane by sugarcane tops in high-concentrate diets did not affect performance of feedlot bulls, but total substitution reduced production costs, with positive net margin. We conclude that sugarcane tops can be utilised as a low-cost roughage source in diets for beef bulls.

scholarly journals PSI-37 Post-weaning feed efficiency did not influence female fertility traits of commercial or Lowline Angus heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 476-477
Author(s):  
Jonathan Najera ◽  
Rebecca Swanson ◽  
Andrea L Warner ◽  
Kasey DeAtley ◽  
Stephen Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Angus Heifers

Abstract Feed costs represent ~50% of beef production costs making selection for improved efficiency without affecting female reproduction critical to the cow/calf sector. Objectives were to determine the relationship between post-weaning feed efficiency and female fertility in commercial (n = 19) and half-blood Lowline-influenced Angus heifers (n = 20). Yearling heifers were delivered to the CSU, Chico Farm cattle feeding unit 45-d post weaning and randomly assigned to one of three 7 x 18 m pens, equipped with GrowSafe feeding units. Heifers were given ad libitum access to water and a forage-based diet targeting 0.68 kg gain/d (TDN: 54%, CP: 14%, and NDF: 39.7%, on a DM basis) for 72-d. Feed efficiency measures included dry matter intake (DMI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI). Heifer RFI was calculated as the difference between predicted DMI and actual DMI during the trial. Feed efficiency groups were identified as: 1) low RFI (0.5 SD above the RFI mean), 2) marginal RFI (+/- 0.5 SD about the RFI mean), and 3) high RFI (0.5 SD above the RFI mean). Serial weights were taken every 14-d to calculate average daily gain (ADG) and metabolic midweight (MMWT). Heifers were synchronized using a 14-d CIDR-PG protocol. Heifers received PG injection 16-d post-CIDR removal and were equipped with an estrous detection patch. Estrous behavior was observed morning and evening for 90-h. Heifers were artificially inseminated (AI) 12-h post-standing estrus and injected with 2 mL GnRH. Pregnancy determination via rectal palpation occurred 6-mos after initial AI. Reproductive measures included: first service conception (FSC), pregnancy rate (PR), and response to estrous synchronization (RES). Reproductive traits were analyzed using the GLM procedures of SPSS with a binary logistic response. Breed type and feed efficiency group were independent variables. Relationships among reproductive measures and performance were analyzed using logistic regression of SPSS, fitting the independent variables of ADG, DMI, and RFI. Traits FSC, PR, and RES did not differ among breed types or feed efficiency groups (P > 0.05) and DMI, ADG and RFI were not predictors of FSC, PR, nor RES (P > 0.05). Cumulatively, results indicate there is no relationship between feed efficiency and reproductive performance. Producers can select for low RFI to decrease feed costs without compromising reproductive performance.

Genetic parameters and breed differences for feed efficiency, growth, and body composition traits of young beef bulls

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Schenkel ◽  
S. P. Miller ◽  
J. W. Wilton
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Beef Bulls

Genetic associations between feed efficiency, growth, and live ultrasound measured body composition traits were studied in purebred beef bulls of six breeds in Ontario bull test stations from 1991 to 2000. Feed traits included average daily feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and residual feed intake [feed intake adjusted for production alone (RFIp) or production and backfat thickness (RFIb)]. Growth traits were average daily weight gain (ADG), mid-test metabolic weight (MW), hip height (HH), and scrotal circumference (SC). Body composition traits included ultrasound backfat thickness (BF), longissimus muscle area (LMA), and predicted percentage of intramuscular fat (IFAT). Bulls were measured every 28 d for weight and individual feed intake, and at the end of test for ultrasound body composition traits. Number of records per trait ranged from 2284 (FI) to 13 319 (ADG). Fixed effects of test group, breed and end of test age (within breed), and random effects of animal and herd of origin were modeled using REML bivariate analyses for all traits. Heritability estimates were moderate for all traits (0.30 to 0.55), except for IFAT (0.14). The genetic correlation between RFIp and RFIb was high (0.99) within breeds, but breeds ranked differently with respect to RFIp and RFIb. Genetic correlations of RFIb with ADG and backfat thickness were essentially zero, which indicate that selection on residual feed intake could be implemented to reduce feed intake and improve feed conversion without compromising growth or changing levels of subcutaneous fat. Key words: Central test, genetic correlation, heritability, residual feed intake

scholarly journals Ingestive behavior of lambs fed with guava agro-industrial waste ( Psidium guajava )

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Torres NOBRE ◽  
Roberto Germano COSTA ◽  
Neila Lidiany RIBEIRO ◽  
Francisco Fernando Ramos de CARVALHO ◽  
George Rodrigo Beltrão da CRUZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Santa Inês

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of guava agro-industrial waste (GAW) on the ingestive behavior of Santa Inês lambs. Forty non-castrated sheep of the Santa Inês breed were used, at an initial weight of 21.33 ± 2.62 kg, and at the age of 120 days, distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and fed with increasing GAW levels (0.0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5 and 30.0%). The average daily gain (ADG) showed orthogonal contrast (P <0.05), in which the animals that ingested the control diet had lower performances. The animals with GAW added to the diet obtained more significant weight gains reflected by a better feed conversion. Among the variables, idleness, feeding, and total chewing time had a significant effect (P<0.05); animals spent more time idle at the 30.0% inclusion level and less time in the control group. However, the means of the 7.5, 15.0, and 22.5% GAW inclusion levels were statistically similar to the control group and the 30.0% level. There was a significant effect (P<0.05) on feed efficiency, with the lowest values being presented for the control group and the highest values at the 30% inclusion level of GAW. The 30.0% GAW feed for lambs in confinement reduces feed time, and total chewing prolongs idleness and increases feed efficiency without compromising dry matter intake, neutral detergent fiber intake, and ADG.

scholarly journals Productive performance of finishing lambs fed with faveleira fodder salt (Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl)

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
João Vinícius Barbosa Roberto ◽  
Bonifácio Benicio de Souza ◽  
Gabriel Jorge Carneiro de Oliveira  ◽  
Jaime Miguel de Araujo Filho ◽  
Thaiz Lamy Alves Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

This study evaluated food intake and productive performance of crossbred (½ Santa Inês x ½ dorper) lambs supplemented with different levels of faveleira (Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl) fodder salt. Thirty male sheep fed tifton grass hay, water, and faveleira fodder salt were randomly allocated into five treatments with six replicates each. The treatments consisted of diets with different inclusion levels of faveleira hay in the fodder salt composition: Treatment 1 (1% mineral salt + 99% faveleira hay), Treatment 2 (3% mineral salt + 97% faveleira hay), Treatment 3 (5% mineral salt + 95% faveleira hay), Treatment 4 (7% mineral salt + 93% faveleira hay), and Treatment 5 (Control - 100% mineral salt). Intake of dry matter, tifton hay and water, average daily gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency were not affected by fodder salt supplementation (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in fodder salt intake between Treatments 4 and 5, and daily intake was higher in animals submitted to Treatment 4 (61.0 g day-1). Mineral salt intake increased significantly with increasing mineral salt levels in the diet. However, no significant difference was observed in average daily gain across treatments, indicating that faveleira hay, even in small quantities, and tifton hay were able to meet the nutritional requirements of animals to support a good average daily gain. The inclusion of up to 99% faveleira hay in fodder salt formulations did not affect voluntary intake of forage, water and dry matter, average daily gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency. Lambs supplemented with faveleira fodder salt had average daily gains within the optimal range for slaughter and high feed conversion and feed efficiency values. Faveleira was shown to be an effective supplementary feed alternative in sheep.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL CAPABILITY CLASS AND ECONOMIC RETURNS FROM GRAIN CORN PRODUCTION IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. PATTERSON ◽  
E. E. MACKINTOSH
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Land Quality ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Adequate Food

The "Canadian soil capability classification for agriculture" (Department of Regional Economic Expansion 1969) was tested for its ability to predict the economic profitability of land for grain corn production in Southwestern Ontario. The economic records from 83 grain corn operations were supplied by the Economics Branch, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food. In addition to the itemization of production costs and returns, a soil capability class and productivity index were established for each record as a measure of land quality. Land quality as defined by productivity index was significantly correlated with gross returns and gross margin per hectare. Frequency distributions showed that high gross returns per hectare were three times as likely if the productivity index was between 90 and 100 than if it fell between 80 and 89. High returns per hectare and low cost per ton are indicative of cost controls coupled with high yields. The probability of obtaining this position is best when the highest quality land is used for production. To ensure adequate food supplies at reasonable cost to consumers it is essential that an agricultural land use policy incorporate land quality as one of its basic principles.

scholarly journals Performance of pure and crossbred progenies of Red Sokoto and West African Dwarf goats in the Rainforest Zone of South Eastern Nigeria.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
E. N. Nwachukwu ◽  
K. U. Amaefule ◽  
F. O. Ahamefule ◽  
S. C. Akomas ◽  
T. U. Nwabueze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
West African ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Rainforest Zone

This study is a report of part of a planned breeding programme to evaluate the performance of pure and crossbred progenies of Red Sokoto (RS) and West African Dwarf (WAD) goats in a rainforest zone of South Eastern Nigeria. A total of 56 kids produced by four breeding goat units consisting of pure Red Sokoto (RS x RS), pure West African Dwarf (WAD X WAD), main cross (RS x WAD), and reciprocal cross (WAD X RS) were used to investigate performance and cost benefit of producing progenies of these indigenous goats. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with genetic group and sex as the factors of interest. Results showed that at birth, the male RS X RS kids weighed significantly (P<0.05) highest (1.84±0.23kg), followed by WAD X RS (1.43±0.14kg), RS X WAD (1.37±0.56kg) while the WAD X WAD kids had the lowest birth weight (1.15±0.39kg). However, the RS X WAD female kids, at birth weighed significantly highest (1.5±0.54kg), followed by the RS X RS (1.33±0.98kg), WAD X RS (1.31±0.17kg) and WAD X WAD (1.09±0.12kg).Body weight at 18 weeks was significantly higher for RS X RS (9.82±0.79kg) than the RS X WAD (8.34±0.85) which in turn was significantly higher than the WAD X RS (7.61±0.13kg) and WAD X WAD (7.51±0.61kg). The male and female kids of the RS X WAD had improved body weight and the linear body measurements namely, body length, height-at-withers and heart girth. This genetic group had a higher average daily gain (46.03 ± 1.41g/d) and better feed conversion ratio (5.38 ± 0.27) than the RS x WAD (6.64 ± 0.18) and WAD x WAD (7.02 ± 0.21). It also had the lowest cost of production (N953.40=$6.60) and as such the highest gross margin (N2,111.06 = $14.60) in 18 weeks. Individuals in this group appeared more promising hybrid goats for commercial meat goat production in the rainforest zone of South Eastern Nigeria.

scholarly journals Effects of Feeding Varying Levels of DL-Methionine on Live Performance and Yield of Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2839
Author(s):  
Anthony Pokoo-Aikins ◽  
Jennifer Rumsey Timmons ◽  
Byungrok Rok Min ◽  
William Robert Lee ◽  
Samuel Njoroge Mwangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Common Weight ◽  
Fillet Yield ◽  
Daily Gain

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplemental DL-methionine (MET) on live performance and meat yield for broilers raised to a common weight. A total of 1552 one-day old Ross 708, sexed broilers were randomly distributed to 32 pens resulting in eight treatments (TRT) of four replicates with 44 male or 53 female/pen. A randomized complete block with a 2 × 4 (sex × 4 MET levels 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg) factorial arrangement of TRT was used. A common weight of 2400 g was approached by day 46 (1 and 2 g MET/kg feed) and day 48 (0 and 0.5 g MET/kg feed). Supplementation of MET at 1, and 2 g/kg had a lower (p < 0.01) feed conversion ratio (FCR) at day 46/48 than broilers fed 0.5 g MET/kg. Broilers without supplemental MET had the worst (p < 0.01) feed conversion and average daily gain (ADG) at day 46/48. Birds fed 0 g MET/kg of feed had lower (p < 0.05) whole eviscerated carcass without giblets (WOG), yield than birds fed 2 g MET/kg of feed. Additionally, birds fed 0 g MET/kg of feed had lower (p < 0.05) breast fillet and tender percent yields than birds fed supplemental MET. Elimination of MET from organic broiler diets resulted in reduced ADG, breast fillet yield and feed efficiency of meat yield of broilers raised to day 46/48. Reduction in MET supplementation below current levels reduced the efficiency of meat production of organic broilers raised to day 46/48.

scholarly journals The effect of sires on fenotypic variability of productive traits of performance tested boars

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Mijatovic ◽  
Milica Petrovic ◽  
Dragan Radojkovic ◽  
Zivan Jokic
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Productive Traits

The main objective of this study was to investigate the importance of the sires effect on fenotypic variability of production traits of performance tested boars of Large White, Landrace. and Hampshire breeds of pig. The data used in this study were collected from 738 performance tested young boars at the PKB Pig Testing Station in Padinska Skela, from 1995 to 2001. Analysed traits were initial age (IA), final age (FA), test duration (TD), average daily gain on test (ADG), lifetime ADG (LADG), amount of total consumed feed (TF), feed conversion ratio (FCR), daily feed intake (DPI) and body composition traits taken by ultrasonic equipment PIGLOG 105 (backfat thickness - BF1 and BF2, muscle depth - MD and lean meat content - LM) Data was analysed by fixed models of least squares method. Analysis of variance showed that sires nested within Hampshire breed highly significant influenced all investigated traits. Growth, feed efficiency and body composition traits except muscle depth, were highly significant influenced by sires of Large White breed. All feed efficiency traits and muscle depth were not influenced by sires within Swedish Landrace breed.

scholarly journals Influence of Crossbreeding of Ghezel Ram With Grey Shirazi Ewe on Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency and Carcass Traits of Fattening Lambs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdolhamid Karimi ◽  
Mohammad Javad Abarghuei ◽  
Alidad Boostani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Group 12

Abstract In this investigation, performance, feed efficiency and carcass traits of 48 weaned crossbred Grey Shirazi × Ghezel and purbred Grey Shirazi fattening lambs (mean live weight, 28.5 ± 0.5 kg and age, 115 ± 5 days) were evaluated. Lambs were divided into 4 groups contain the GM group (12 purebred male lambs of Grey Shirazi ewe × Grey Shirazi ram), the GF group (12 purebred female lambs of Grey Shirazi ewe × Grey Shirazi ram), the CM group (12 crossbred male lambs of Grey Shirazi ewe × Ghezel ram) and the CF group (12 crossbred female lambs of Grey Shirazi ewe × Ghezel ram). The dry matter intakes (DMI), average daily gain (ADG) and carcass traits in the lambs were determined. The DMI was greater in CF lambs compared to GF lambs (P < 0.001). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was higher in male lambs comparing to female lambs (P = 0.001). The final body weight, ADG, live weight at the slaughtering and hot carcass weight (HCW) were lower in GF lambs compared to another lambs (P < 0.001, P = 0.003). Cold carcass weight (CCW) in CM lambs was higher than in other groups. The Longissimus dorsi (LD) area was higher in crossbreed male lambs (P = 0.001). Crossbreeding improved grow performance (final body weight and ADG) in male and female lambs. Carcass trait was improved by crossbreeding especially in male lambs. Sex effect on growth performance and carcass traits was noticeable and male lambs had superior growth.

Effect of Bacillus Subtilis Protease on Growth, Production Performance and Feed Efficiency of Silkworm, Bombyx Mori L

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linghong Sun ◽  
Anam Khalid ◽  
Fatima Khalid ◽  
Zaigui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Crude Lipid

Abstract Background:The effects of Bacillus subtilis protease on the silkworm (Bombyxmori L) production performance and feed efficiency were investigated. 2250 silkworms were randomly divided into two groups, the test group and the control group, each group had three replicates. A certain concentration of protease was sprayed to the mulberry leaves of the test group, while equal volume of deionized water was sprayed to the control group. Test diets were fed in three phases: 3rd instar, 4th instar and 5th instar larval stage.Results: The results demonstrated that: (i) final weight (FW), average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake(ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in 4th and 5th larval instar, (ii) midgut protease activity, crude protein digestibility (CPD), crude fiber digestibility (CFD) and cocoon shell conversion rate (CSCR) (iii) the total number of bad cocoons,coarse cocoon, average pupa weight (APW), average cocoon shell weight (ACSW) and average cocoon weight (ACW) were extremely significantly higher (P<0.01) in test group as compared to control group. While, (i) the digestibility of crude lipid (EED) and (ii) the fly larvae cocoons in test group were higher significantly (P<0.05) than that of the control group. Conclusion:These results indicated that the B. subtilis protease could enhance the silkworm growth performance, feed efficiency and the cocoon quality of silkworm.

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