Bioacoustic cues and their relations to dominance rank in Père David’s deer stags

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Liu ◽  
Zhigang Jiang ◽  
Linyuan Zhang ◽  
Zhenyu Zhong ◽  
Xiaoge Ping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Formant Frequencies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Père David’S Deer ◽  
Vocal Intensity ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Polygynous Mating System

The vocal display of male animals during the breeding season has received particular attention. To find out whether male acoustic signals could be a quality-assessment cue of callers, we conducted a study on Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) characterised by a polygynous mating system and high male–male competition during the rutting season. We investigated the relationship between the stag’s acoustic properties and the dominance rank as an indication of quality. Results showed that (1) there were two types of calls, the common roar and the chasing bark, (2) there was no significant difference between the call duration of the common roar and the chasing bark among different dominance ranks, (3) in the common roar, the value of the fundamental frequency, formant frequencies and formant spacing decreased significantly with the rise of dominance ranks and (4) vocal intensity of the common roar differed significantly among the three dominance ranks such as the harem master, the challengers and the bachelors. Our results suggested that some acoustic features, such as formant frequencies, formant spacing and vocal intensity of the common roar were closely related to the dominance rank and could be effective indicators of male competitive ability.

scholarly journals Derivation and Verification of the Relationship between Ablation Index and Baseline Impedance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Zheng Cai ◽  
Sainan Li ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Chenyuan Wang ◽  
Zhen Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Empirical Formula ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Similar Lesion ◽  
Ablation Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. To explore the quantitative adjustment of ablation index (AI) under different baseline impedance to achieve similar lesion dimensions. Methods. (1) Keeping the AIs relatively constant, the lesion dimensions in different baseline impedances were studied. (2) According to Joule's law, Q = I2RT, keeping the current (I) unchanged, the powers corresponding to different baseline impedances can be obtained. Under different baseline impedances and corresponding powers, the swine hearts were ablated for 30 s in simulated human circumstances. The baseline impedances, the lesion dimensions, and AIs were recorded. And the derivation of empirical formula was achieved according to the AIs and baseline impedance values in similar lesions dimension. (3) Basic AI and baseline impedance (AI0/R0) were set as 400/120 Ω in the common AI groups and 550/120 Ω in the high AI groups, AI values in different baseline impedances were calculated using the empirical formula, and the corresponding lesion dimensions were measured to verify this formula. Results. (1) Higher baseline impedances were related to smaller lesion dimensions at similar AIs. (2) The lesion dimensions were roughly the same after modulating the baseline impedance and power to keep the electric current relatively constant. The relationship between AI and R fitted with experimental data is AI = 1.9933R + 203.61 (r = 0.9649), and the formula derived is ΔAI = (AI0 − 203)/R0 × ΔR. (3) Under the guidance of the empirical formula, there was no significant difference in lesion dimensions between the standard group and the formula guiding groups when AI0 = 400, but there was a shrinking tendence when AI > 700. Conclusion. The lesion depths are negatively correlated with baseline impedance at a certain AI. The relationship between baseline impedance and AI is “ΔAI = (AI0 − 203)/R0 × ΔR”. It is verified that when the AI is not too high, the empirical formula can be used to guide the quantitative adjustment of AIs at different baseline impedance, and the lesion depths achieved are roughly the same.

scholarly journals Acoustic species identification of schooling fish

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1111-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf J. Korneliussen ◽  
Yngve Heggelund ◽  
Inge K. Eliassen ◽  
Geir O. Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Schooling Fish ◽  
Nearest Neighbours ◽  
Survey Estimates ◽  
Acoustic Identification ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Korneliussen, R. J., Heggelund, Y., Eliassen, I. K., and Johansen, G. O. 2009. Acoustic species identification of schooling fish. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1111–1118. The development of methods for the acoustic identification of fish is a long-term objective aimed at reducing uncertainty in acoustic-survey estimates. The relative frequency response r(f) measured simultaneously at several frequencies is one of the main acoustic features that characterize the targets, but the relationship between nearest neighbours, school morphology, and environmental and geographical data are also important characteristics in this context. The number of acoustic categories that can be separated with a high spatial resolution is limited by the stochastic nature of the measurements. Because the acoustic categorization of larger ensembles is more reliable than for single targets, spatial smoothing of the backscattering within the school boundaries before that process allows the separation of more categories than is possible with the raw, highly resolved data. Using the mean r(f) of an entire school gives even more reliable categorization, but determining whether or not the school is monospecific sets a new challenge. This problem is evaluated here. The methods are tested and verified. Identification of acoustic categories with similar acoustic properties is done for schooling fish, although the results have limited spatial resolution. The reliability of the categorization is further improved when knowledge of school morphology and geographical distribution of the species are taken into account.

Examining the relationship between vowel quality and voice quality

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Esposito ◽  
Morgan Sleeper ◽  
Kevin Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Voice Quality ◽  
Harmonic Amplitude ◽  
Vowel Quality ◽  
Spectral Measures ◽  
Santa Ana ◽  
Formant Frequencies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The majority of studies on phonation types have focused on low vowels due to the minimal effects of their first formant on harmonic amplitude. In studies of multiple vowel qualities, reports on the relationship between vowel and voice quality are mixed: some show similar formant frequencies across phonation types (e.g. Abramson, Nye & Luangthongkum 2007, Khan 2012), while others show different formant frequencies depending on voice quality (e.g. Ren 1992, Kuang 2011). Results differ as to whether the degree of non-modal phonation varies (Andruski & Ratliff 2000, Kuang 2011) or does not vary (Esposito 2012, Khan 2012) across different vowel qualities. The present study draws on innovations which allow for more accurate corrections for the effects of formant frequencies on spectral measures (i.e. Hanson 1995, Iseli, Shue & Alwan 2007) to examine the relationship between vowel quality and voice quality, in eight languages – !Xóõ, Burmese, Gujarati, Jalapa de Díaz Mazatec, Mon, Santa Ana del Valle Zapotec, White Hmong, and Yi. While no significant difference in the degree of non-modal phonation due to vowel quality was found, results showed a crosslinguistic pattern in the relationship between vowel quality and voice quality: vowels with higherlog(F1) andlog(F2) values tended to be produced with creakier phonation, while vowels with lowerlog(F1) andlog(F2) values tended to be produced with breathier phonation, but only on the measure H1*-H2*.

scholarly journals Acoustic Analysis of English Long Vowels Produced by Pashto Speakers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-229
Author(s):  
Adnan Ahad ◽  
Ghani Rahman ◽  
Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Tape Recorder ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Formant Frequencies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
English Vowels ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Correct Pronunciation ◽  
Native Speakers Of English

The present study investigates the acoustic properties of English long vowels produced by Pashto speakers by highlighting the problematic areas for Pashto speakers learning English. The data was collected from ten Pashtun learners of English through tape recorder. The data was analyzed using PRAAT software. The spectrograms produced by the software helped us in specifying the acoustic values (formant frequencies of F1 and F2) of target vowels compared with the production of the same vowels by native speakers of English. The analysis of the collected data revealed the problematic areas of English long vowels for Pashtun learners of English. The study proved that English long vowels like /I:/ and /a:/ were more problematic for Pashtun learners. A significant difference was seen in both the height and backness of the target English vowels produced by the subjects. The English vowels like /e:/ and /o:/ produced by subjects were like those produced by the native speakers. Similarly, target vowel like /u:/ was pronounced by subjects like native speakers of English. The study recommends that Pashto speakers should be given proper training for acquiring correct pronunciation of English.

scholarly journals An investigation into public and private clients’ attitudes, commitment and impact on construction health and safety in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nnedinma Umeokafor
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Compensation Claims ◽  
The Common ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Purpose This purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a study that assessed the attitudes, commitment and impact of public and private sector clients’ involvement in construction health and safety (H&S) in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach Structured questionnaires were designed based on literature review and a pilot study, and administered to public and private clients in Nigeria’s construction industry. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyse the data. Findings The result shows that while clients’ attitudes towards H&S are not encouraging, public clients commitment and attitudes are better than that of private clients. This is emphasised by the significant difference between the categories of clients and: accident investigation; clients auditing contractors H&S records at the preconstruction stage. The common client H&S practice includes conducting site visits and inspections and attending H&S meetings, while engaging in H&S awareness and H&S audit during construction are not common. However, when clients are involved in H&S, it has resulted in a reduction in accidents, compensation claims, rework and improved the relationship between clients and contractors. Practical implications The findings form a basis for improving client involvement in H&S (factoring in the differences in clients) which policymakers, the construction industry and academics will find beneficial. Originality/value The study contributes to understanding the attitudes and commitment of public and private clients in H&S, evidencing the implications of the differences in their needs, characteristics and behaviours. While the study is the first to investigate the area in Nigeria, it also extends the knowledge of the discourse comparatively in broader terms.

scholarly journals Effect of Sow Intestinal Flora on the Formation of Endometritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Linkang Wang ◽  
Yimin Dai ◽  
Tianyu Tao ◽  
Jingqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Birth Canal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fresh Feces ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

Endometritis is the main cause of decreased reproductive performance of sows, while one of the most important factors in the etiology of sow endometritis is an aberration of birth canal microbiota. Therefore, people began to pay attention to the microbiota structure and composition of the birth canal of sows with endometritis. Interestingly, we found that the risk of endometritis was increased in the sows with constipation in clinical practice, which may imply that the intestinal flora is related to the occurrence of endometritis. Therefore, understanding the relationship between birth canal microbiota and intestinal microbiota of the host has become exceptionally crucial. In this study, the microbiota of birth canal secretions and fresh feces of four healthy and four endometritis sows were analyzed via sequencing the V3 + V4 region of bacterial 16S ribosomal (rDNA) gene. The results showed a significant difference between endometritis and healthy sows birth canal flora in composition and abundance. Firmicutes (74.36%) and Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla in birth canal microbiota of healthy sows. However, the majority of beneficial bacteria that belonging to Firmicutes phylum (e.g., Lactobacillus and Enterococcus) declined in endometritis sow. The abundance of Porphyromonas, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Actinobacillus, and Bacteroides increased significantly in the birth canal microbiota of endometritis sows. Escherichia–Shigella and Bacteroides were the common genera in the birth canal and intestinal flora of endometritis sows. The abundance of Escherichia–Shigella and Bacteroides in the intestines of sows suffering from endometritis were significantly increased than the intestinal microbiota of the healthy sows. We speculated that some intestinal bacteria (such as Escherichia–Shigella and Bacteroides) might be bound up with the onset of sow endometritis based on intestinal microbiota analysis in sows with endometritis and healthy sows. The above results can supply a theoretical basis to research the pathogenesis of endometritis and help others understand the relationship with the microbiota of sow's birth canal and gut.

Relationship between Thyroglobulin and Tumor Detectabilily with Thallium-201 in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Müller ◽  
Ch. Reiners ◽  
A. Bockisch ◽  
Katja Brandt-Mainz
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Tsh Suppression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Test Specificity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tumor Scintigraphy ◽  
Tsh Stimulation

Summary Aim: Tumor scintigraphy with 201-TICI is an established diagnostic method in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer. We investigated the relationship between thyroglobulin (Tg) level and tumor detectability. Subject and methods: We analyzed the scans of 122 patients (66 patients with proven tumor). The patient population was divided into groups with Tg above (N = 33) and below (N = 33) 5 ng/ml under TSH suppression or above (N = 33) and below (N = 33) 50 ng/ml under TSH stimulation. Tumor detectability was compared by ROC-analysis (True-Positive-Fraction test, specificity 90%). Results: There was no significant difference (sensitivity 75% versus 64%; p = 0.55) for patients above and below 5 ng/ml under TSH suppression and a just significant difference (sensitivity 80% versus 58%; p = 0.04) for patients above and below 50 ng/ml under TSH stimulation. In 18 patients from our sample with tumor, Tg under TSH suppression was negative, but 201-TICI-scan was able to detect tumor in 12 patients. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate only a moderate dependence of tumor detectability on Tg level, probably without significant clinical relevance. Even in patients with slight Tg elevation 201-TICI scintigraphy is justified.

Fecundity and Gonado-somatic Index of Trichiurus lepturus (Linnaeus, 1758) Along the Zamboanga del Norte Coast

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Ma. Dulce C. Guillena
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Moon Phases ◽  
Ovary Weight ◽  
Moment Coefficient ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Somatic Index

Gonado-somatic index and fecundity are tools for measuring the sexual maturity and ability of animals to reproduce.  This study investigates the reproduction of Trichiurus lepturus. Specifically, this aimed to determine the sex ratio, the GSI, the relationship between fecundity and total length, fecundity and total weight, fecundity and ovary weight. The Descriptive Method of research was used.  Percentage and chi-square was utilized in determining the percentage of occurrence and sex ratio respectively.   Pearson r Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation was used to determine the relationships of the parameters. The study revealed that females outnumbered males and the sex ratio for different month showed significant difference.  Spawning season was observed to occur in November and December as revealed in its GSI values and it synchronized with the full and new moon phases.  Fecundity is positively correlated with body weight, body size, and ovary weight where ovary weight is observed to be the best index for fecundity.  The results of this study could be used further for formal stock assessment of cutlassfish fishery.

PERSOALAN KEHIDUPAN KONTEMPORER: MENGGAGAS KAJIAN SACHEDINA TENTANG THEOLOGI PLURALISME

EMPIRISMA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Limas Dodi
Keyword(s):  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Common View ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Religious Differences

According to Abdulaziz Sachedina, the main argument of religious pluralism in the Qur’an based on the relationship between private belief (personal) and public projection of Islam in society. By regarding to private faith, the Qur’an being noninterventionist (for example, all forms of human authority should not be disturb the inner beliefs of individuals). While the public projection of faith, the Qur’an attitude based on the principle of coexistence. There is the willingness of the dominant race provide the freedom for people of other faiths with their own rules. Rules could shape how to run their affairs and to live side by side with the Muslims. Thus, based on the principle that the people of Indonesia are Muslim majority, it should be a mirror of a societie’s recognizion, respects and execution of religious pluralism. Abdul Aziz Sachedina called for Muslims to rediscover the moral concerns of public Islam in peace. The call for peace seemed to indicate that the existence of increasingly weakened in the religious sense of the Muslims and hence need to be reaffi rmed. Sachedina also like to emphasize that the position of peace in Islam is parallel with a variety of other doctrines, such as: prayer, fasting, pilgrimage and so on. Sachedina also tried to show the argument that the common view among religious groups is only one religion and traditions of other false and worthless. “Antipluralist” argument comes amid the reality of human religious differences. Keywords: Theology, Pluralism, Abdulaziz Sachedina

Rendimento de grãos de soja e de milho, no Rio Grande do Sul, não difere entre eventos El Niño Oscilação Sul

Agrometeoros ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Matzenauer ◽  
Bernadete Radin ◽  
Alberto Cargnelutti Filho
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Income Data ◽  
The Relationship

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a relação entre o fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul - ENOS e o rendimento de grãos de soja e de milho no Rio Grande do Sul e verificar a hipótese de que os eventos El Niño são favoráveis e os eventos La Niña são prejudiciais ao rendimento de grãos das culturas. Foram utilizados dados de rendimento de grãos dos anos agrícolas de 1974/75 a 2016/17, e relacionados com as ocorrências de eventos ENOS. Foram analisados os dados de rendimento observados na colheita e os dados estimados com a remoção da tendência tecnológica. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significativa do rendimento médio de grãos de soja e de milho na comparação entre os eventos ENOS. Palavras-chave: El Niño, La Niña, safras agrícolas. Abstract – The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon with the grain yield of soybean and maize in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil and to verify the hypothesis that the El Niño events are favorable and the La Niña events are harmful to the culture’s grain yields. Were used data from the agricultural years of 1974/75 to 2016/17, and related to the occurrence of ENOS events. We analyzed income data observed at harvest and estimated data with technological tendency was removed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the average yield of soybeans and corn in the comparison between events.

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