Increasing weight gain during pregnancy results in similar increases in lamb birthweights and weaning weights in Merino and non-Merino ewes regardless of sire type

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 727 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Paganoni ◽  
M. B. Ferguson ◽  
G. A. Kearney ◽  
A. N. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Optimum Management ◽  
Sire Breed ◽  
Weight Gain During Pregnancy

Birthweight is the single largest determinant of survival in lambs and can be predicted from ewe liveweight at conception and liveweight changes during pregnancy. These prediction equations are known for Merino ewes, but it is unknown if they are applicable to non-Merino breeds. We tested the hypothesis that increasing conception weights of ewes will increase the birthweights, survival to weaning and weaning weights of their lambs, irrespective of ewe or sire breed, but that non-Merino lamb birthweights would be less responsive than Merino lamb birthweights, to changes in ewe liveweights during pregnancy. Ewe liveweight, lamb birth and weaning weight records from Merino sires mated to Merino ewes (MM), Border Leicester Merino (Maternal) sires mated to Merino ewes, Poll Dorset or Suffolk (Terminal) sires mated to Merino ewes (TM), and Terminal sires mated to Border Leicester Merino ewes (TMAT) were analysed from the 2007 to 2011 lambings of eight information nucleus flocks. Lamb birthweights increased by 0.032 ± 0.0012 kg from MM ewes and 0.024 ± 0.0026 kg from TMAT ewes with every 1-kg increase in conception weight (P < 0.001). Irrespective of breed, for every 1-kg increase in liveweight change during early and late pregnancy, lamb birthweights increased by 0.021 ± 0.0019 kg and 0.034 ± 0.0019 kg and weaning weights by 0.26 ± 0.013 kg and 0.09 ± 0.011 kg, respectively (P < 0.001). Survival to weaning of single, twin and triplet lambs was highest for lambs from TMAT ewes (89.3% ± 1.25, 84.6% ± 1.49 and 73.4% ± 2.35) and lowest for TM ewes (80.2% ± 1.89, 72.8% ± 2.09 and 57.4% ± 2.98; P < 0.001). Coefficients relating ewe liveweight change during pregnancy to lamb birthweights are similar for Merino and Maternal ewes, however conception weights of Maternal ewes are significantly heavier than Merino ewes when run together, and lamb birthweights from Maternal ewes are less responsive to ewe conception weights. The coefficients reported in this paper will enable development of optimum management guidelines for single-, twin- and triple-bearing Maternal ewes.

scholarly journals The relationship between weight gain during pregnancy and allopregnanolone levels: a longitudinal study

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anette Lundqvist ◽  
Herbert Sandström ◽  
Torbjörn Bäckström
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Gaba A ◽  
Amino Butyric Acid ◽  
Gestational Week ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Progesterone Metabolite ◽  
Weight Gain During Pregnancy

Objective Large weight gain during pregnancy is a risk factor for complications for mother and fetus. Hunger and satiety are regulated in the hypothalamus, where the gamma-amino-butyric acid system (GABA) has an important role. Allopregnanolone, a progesterone metabolite, increases during pregnancy and is a potent GABA-A receptor modulating steroid. Allopregnanolone has been shown to induce overeating in rodents. The aim was to investigate whether there is a relationship between weight gain and allopregnanolone concentrations during pregnancy in humans. Design A longitudinal, cohort study. Methods Pregnant women (n = 56) were recruited in primary care in northern Sweden. Allopregnanolone concentrations in plasma were measured using radioimmunoassay and weight was measured in gestational weeks 12 and 35. Results Weight increase correlated significantly to allopregnanolone in late pregnancy increase (rs = 0.320; P = 0.016), indicating a positive relationship between weight increase and allopregnanolone increase. A positive relationship was also noted between allopregnanolone in the 35th gestational week and weight increase. Women who gained ≥11 kg during pregnancy showed higher allopregnanolone concentrations in week 35 and higher increase compared to women who increased <11 kg (P = 0.006 and P = 0.009 resp.). There was no difference in weight or allopregnanolone concentrations at the onset of pregnancy. Conclusions The results show a relationship between weight gain during pregnancy and increase in allopregnanolone concentrations.

scholarly journals Eating down or simply eating less? The diet and health implications of these practices during pregnancy and postpartum in rural Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1928-1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassandra L Harding ◽  
Susana L Matias ◽  
Malay K Mridha ◽  
Stephen A Vosti ◽  
Sohrab Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Food Aversion ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Nutrition Study ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Pregnancy Weight ◽  
Weight Gain During Pregnancy ◽  
Health Programme

AbstractObjectiveTo: (i) determine the prevalence of self-reported eating less and eating down during early and late pregnancy and postpartum, and explore risk factors associated with eating less; (ii) examine the association between eating less and diet quality; and (iii) determine the association between eating less and weight gain during pregnancy.DesignData were collected longitudinally from a cohort of women participating in a community health programme. Diet was assessed at three time points (≤20 weeks’ gestation, 36 weeks’ gestation, 6 months’ postpartum), body weight was measured during study enrolment (≤20 weeks’ gestation) and at 36 weeks’ gestation, and information about the woman and her household was collected at enrolment.SettingThe Rang-Din Nutrition Study in the Rangpur and Dinajpur districts of Bangladesh.SubjectsWomen (n 4011).ResultsThe prevalence of self-reported eating less differed by time point (75·9 % in early pregnancy, 38·8 % in late pregnancy, 7·4 % postpartum; P<0·001). The most common reason for eating less across all time periods was food aversion or loss of appetite. Women who reported eating less in late pregnancy had consumed animal-source foods less frequently in the preceding week than women who reported eating more (mean (sd): 11·7 (7·4) v. 14·8 (9·2) times/week; P<0·001) and had lower weekly weight gain than women who reported eating more (mean (se): 0·27 (0·004) v. 0·33 (0·004) kg/week; P<0·001).ConclusionsEating less has negative implications with respect to diet quality and pregnancy weight gain in this context.

Crossbred ewes gain more weight and are fatter than Merino ewes when managed together but similar coefficients predict lamb birthweight and survival

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Hocking Edwards ◽  
E. Winslow ◽  
R. Behrendt ◽  
D. J. Gordon ◽  
G. A. Kearney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Survival Curves ◽  
Target Condition ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Lamb Survival

Current Australian ewe management guidelines are based on research from Merino ewes and have been transposed to crossbred ewes. It is unknown whether guidelines developed for Merino ewes are applicable to crossbred ewe production systems. To investigate this, the effect of ewe liveweight and condition score profile during pregnancy on lamb birthweight and survival for Border Leicester × Merino (BLM) crossbreds was compared with Merino ewes. Condition score profiles of 720 Merino and 680 BLM ewes were managed from 50 days after ram introduction to achieve one of four target condition scores at lambing. There were three replicates of the four target condition score treatments and both breeds of ewes were in each plot. By Day 140 after rams in, the BLM ewes were fatter (P &lt; 0.001) and heavier (P &lt; 0.001) than the Merino ewes, despite being managed in the same plots. Liveweight at conception and change in liveweight in late pregnancy of the Merino and BLM ewes had a similar effect on the birthweight and weaning weight of their lambs. However, birthweight and weaning weight of lambs from BLM ewes was less sensitive to ewe liveweight change in early pregnancy. Birthweight survival curves were similar in lambs from Merino and multiple-born lambs from BLM ewes, and the survival of lambs from multiple-bearing BLM ewes responded to manipulation of condition score in a similar pattern to lambs from Merino ewes. Therefore, managing liveweight or condition score of multiple-bearing BLM ewes is likely to improve lamb survival in a similar fashion to lambs from Merino ewes, although the absolute response in survival will be smaller than that achieved in Merino ewes at the same condition score. In addition, it is important to manage liveweight of both single and multiple-bearing BLM ewes during pregnancy to optimise weaning weight of their lambs, as those lambs born to BLM ewes of low liveweight were significantly lighter at weaning.

The role of antenatal education for the prevention of excessive weight gain during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Amadori ◽  
Carmela Melluzza ◽  
Alessia Motta ◽  
Alberto De Pedrini ◽  
Daniela Surico
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Excessive Weight Gain ◽  
Antenatal Education ◽  
Excessive Weight ◽  
Weight Gain During Pregnancy

scholarly journals Milk Yield and Composition of Mixed-Breed Goats on Rangeland during the Dry Season and the Effect on the Growth of Their Progeny

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Manuel J. Flores-Najera ◽  
Venancio Cuevas-Reyes ◽  
Juan M. Vázquez-García ◽  
Sergio Beltrán-López ◽  
César A. Meza-Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Mixed Breed

We tested whether the milk yield capacity of mixed-breed goats on a Chihuahuan desert rangeland in northern Mexico during the dry season affects milk composition, body weight gain, and weaning weight of their progeny. Milk yield and composition, and progeny postnatal growth performance, were recorded weekly. One week after kidding, mixed-breed goats (a mixture of Criollo × dairy breeds; n = 40) were allotted into medium (MP) or low (LP) milk yielding groups (20 goats per group). Mean 105-d total milk yield for MP and LP goats was 45.2 ± 12.5 and 20.7 ± 5.2 L, respectively. Milk lactose (4.3 vs. 4.2%) and solids-non-fat (SNF; 8.2 vs. 8.0) differed (p < 0.05) between MP and LP goats; milk protein content tended to differ (p = 0.08) between MP and LP goats with no difference for milk fat content (p > 0.05). Maternal body weight was positively associated with milk yield, milk lactose, and SNF content (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Goats giving birth to males produce more milk than goats giving birth to females, but milk fat percentage was higher in goats bearing females (p < 0.001). Milk yield and composition throughout lactation did not influence body weight gain (47.8 vs. 48.7 g/day for kids from MP and LP goats) and weaning weight (6.7 vs. 6.7 kg from MP and LP goats) of the offspring (p > 0.05). Birth weight and weaning weight of the progeny were positively related to maternal body weight (p ≤ 0.05). The postnatal growth of the kids was reduced, extending the time to reach market weight. Nevertheless, non-supplemented mixed-breed goats reared on semi-arid rangeland of northern Mexico have the potential for moderate milk production. Therefore, due to the limited nutrients ingested by grazing goats during the dry season, a nutritional supplement is necessary to keep up milk production and adequate growth of kids.

Medically Advised, Motherʼs Personal Target, and Actual Weight Gain During Pregnancy

1999 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-622
Author(s):  
MARY E. COGSWELL ◽  
KELLEY S. SCANLON ◽  
SARA BECK FEIN ◽  
LAURA A. SCHIEVE
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Weight Gain During Pregnancy

scholarly journals PSIX-19 The impact of piglet nursing location along the sow udder line on piglet gain and subsequent weaning weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 183-184
Author(s):  
Shannon L Dierking ◽  
Harold J Monegue ◽  
Merlin D Lindemann
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gland Development

Abstract Piglet weaning weight is a critical factor that influences post-weaning growth and performance. Weaning weight is a function of birth weight and the amount and nutrient density of the milk consumed during lactation. Milk production is influenced by sow mammary gland development and diet consumption but may also be a biological function of teat location along the udder line. The objective of this study was then to determine the effects of piglet nursing location along the udder on overall piglet gain and weaning weight. A total of 1,078 individual piglets were observed during the nursing period at three time points during lactation. The teat pairs along the udder line were labeled from anterior to posterior (1-7, respectively) to define nursing location. At the end of the lactation period, the observed piglet nursing location was evaluated for both actual weaning weight and overall piglet weight gain during lactation. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance with the statistical model utilizing litter size as a covariate. As expected, when litter size was utilized as a covariate, there was a significant effect on piglet weaning weight (P &lt; 0.0001), and there was both a linear and quadratic effect of location (L, P &lt; 0.0001; Q, P = 0.0009) on both weaning weight and lactation piglet gain. Heavier piglets were weaned from more anterior teats (teat pairs 1-4), with the numerically heaviest piglets weaned from teat pair 4 (6.12 kg), with the lowest weight piglets being weaned from teat pair 7 (5.17 kg). Piglet weight gain during lactation was impacted by litter size (P &lt; 0.0001), but nursing location did not affect lactation weight gain (P = 0.57). Due to the differences in piglet weights at weaning, it can be concluded that piglet nursing location influences overall piglet weaning weight.

Despite 2009 guidelines, few women report being counseled correctly about weight gain during pregnancy

2011 ◽  
Vol 205 (4) ◽  
pp. 333.e1-333.e6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah D. McDonald ◽  
Eleanor Pullenayegum ◽  
Valerie H. Taylor ◽  
Olha Lutsiv ◽  
Keyna Bracken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Gain During Pregnancy
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