scholarly journals Ensiling corn silage with different levels of a multi-species lactic acid bacteria inoculant

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
H. Mohammadzadeh ◽  
M. Khorvash ◽  
G. R. Ghorbani
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Lactic Acid Concentration ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Aerobic Stability

A multi-species lactic acid bacterial inoculant (Lactisil maize, LM) was applied to whole-crop corn at different maturities in laboratory silos, to evaluate its effects on biochemical characteristics and aerobic stability. The corn crop was harvested at hard dough (HD, 253.1 g/DM kg), one-third milkline (ML, 293.7 g/DM kg) and one-third milkline with a killing frost (MLF, 297.6 g/DM kg). Crops were chopped to a 2.5-cm theoretical cut length, subsampled and treated with two levels of inoculant (LB1 = 1.5 × 105 cfu/g forage, LB2 = 3 × 105 cfu/g forage) or untreated (WO). The chemical composition of MLF crops was very similar to that of ML crops. However, lower (P < 0.01) numbers of lactic acid bacteria and higher numbers of yeast were enumerated in MLF than in ML crops. Higher percentages of DM and neutral detergent fibre and higher pH, but lower (P < 0.01) concentrations of water soluble carbohydrate and crude protein were measured in ML and MLF crops than in HD crops. Application of the inoculant increased (P < 0.01) concentrations of volatile fatty acids, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre in silages. Lactic acid concentration increased (P < 0.01) in HD treatments with an increasing level of inoculant. In contrast, the highest (P < 0.01) lactic acid concentration was measured in LB1 treatment compared with WO and LB2 in ML and MLF silages. Silages prepared from ML and MLF crops had higher (P < 0.01) lactic and acetic acid concentrations but lower (P < 0.01) butyric acid concentrations than did those prepared from HD. The pH in LB1 and LB2 silages was higher (P < 0.01) than that measured in WO silages. Aerobic stability was not influenced by inoculant treatment but low-DM silages were more (P < 0.01) resistant to spoilage. Frost-killed corn crops had a good potential to produce well fermented silage. Using LM resulted in silages with slightly higher fermentation products but it failed to improve aerobic stability of silage after 120 days of ensiling. These results indicated that inoculation of corn crops with LM for a short-duration ensilage period cannot enhance aerobic stability of silages due to insufficient acetic acid production from lactic acid conversion.

scholarly journals Additive Type Affects Fermentation, Aerobic Stability and Mycotoxin Formation during Air Exposure of Early-Cut Rye (Secale cereale L.) Silage

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1432
Author(s):  
Horst Auerbach ◽  
Peter Theobald
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Silage Production

Whole-crop rye harvested before maturity represents a valuable forage for silage production. Due to the scarcity of data on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability (ASTA) and the lack of information on mycotoxin formation during aeration of early-cut rye (ECR) silage after silo opening, we evaluated the effects of different additive types and compositions. Wilted forage was treated with various biological and chemical additives, ensiled in 1.5-L glass jars and stored for 64 days. Fermentation pattern, yeast and mould counts and ASTA were determined at silo opening. In total 34 mycotoxins were analysed in wilted forage and in silage before and after 240 h of air exposure. Chemical additives caused the lowest dry matter (DM) losses during fermentation accompanied with the lowest ethanol production and the highest water-soluble carbohydrate concentration. Aerobic deterioration, which started within two days after silo opening in silage left untreated and inoculated with homofermentative lactic acid bacteria, was prevented by the combined use of hetero- and homofermentative lactic acid bacteria and the chemical additive containing sodium nitrite, hexamethylene tetramine and potassium sorbate. Moreover, these two additives largely restricted the formation of the mycotoxin roquefortine C to < 0.05 mg kg−1 DM after aeration, whereas untreated silage contained 85.2 mg kg−1 DM.

The Chemical Composition and Ensiling Characteristics of Sweet Corn Processing by-Products

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 305-308
Author(s):  
Jian Guo Zhang ◽  
Qin Hua Liu ◽  
Fu Yu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Corn Processing ◽  
By Products

To investigate the nutritive and ensiling characteristics of sweet corn processing by-products, the chemical compositions of corn bracts and cobs were analyzed and the effects of wilting and additives on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability were measured. The research results showed: Corn bracts and cobs had low fiber content and high nitrogen free extract content (> 61% DM)，with high nutritive value; Corn bracts and cobs were of high water soluble carbohydrate contents (> 10% DM), low buffering capacity (< 150 mE/kg DM), more lactic acid bacteria (> 107cfu/g FM), they might be well preserved without any treatments, but their aerobic stability was poor; Barn and lactic acid bacteria addition had few effect on the fermentation except for reducing butyric acid content, wilting tended to increase lactic acid content and reduce the contents of volatile fatty acids.

scholarly journals Fermentation quality and aerobic stability of Napier grass ensiled with citric acid residue and lactic acid bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Xuxiong Tao ◽  
Chongwen Ji ◽  
Sifan Chen ◽  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Siran Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Fermentation Quality

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of adding citric acid residue (CAR) with or without lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus; syn. Pennisetum purpureum) cv. Sumu No. 2 at ensiling on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of the resulting silage. Treatments included: Control (Napier grass forage without additives); and Napier grass inoculated with lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum and L. buchneri) at 1 × 106 cfu/gfresh weight (FW) forage (LAB) or 36 g citric acid residue/kg FW forage (CAR) or a mixture of CAR and LAB (CL). Forty-five days after ensiling the silages were tested for chemical and microbial composition and an aerobic stability test was conducted. The addition of CAR with or without LAB increased the DM and lactic acid concentrations in silage and decreased pH plus acetic acid, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), neutral detergent fiber and cellulose concentrations relative to Control. The pH in LAB silage was lower than in Control, while lactic acid concentration was higher. During the first 2 days of aerobic exposure, all additives increased the water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and lactic acid concentrations and decreased pH plus NH3-N and acetic acid concentrations. Moreover, CL silages had the highest WSC and the lowest NH3-N and acetic acid concentrations during aerobic exposure. However, all additives failed to improve the aerobic stability of the silage. While CAR with or without LAB inoculant improved the fermentation quality of silage made from Napier grass, more studies are warranted to identify additives which can improve aerobic stability of the silage after opening.

scholarly journals Acetic Acid Increases Stability of Silage under Aerobic Conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 562-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Danner ◽  
M. Holzer ◽  
E. Mayrhuber ◽  
R. Braun
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Acetic Acid Concentration ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Lactobacillus Buchneri ◽  
Aerobic Stability

ABSTRACT The effects of various compounds on the aerobic stability of silages were evaluated. It has been observed that inoculation of whole-crop maize with homofermentative lactic acid bacteria leads to silages which have low stability against aerobic deterioration, while inoculation with heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria, such as Lactobacillus brevis or Lactobacillus buchneri, increases stability. Acetic acid has been proven to be the sole substance responsible for the increased aerobic stability, and this acid acts as an inhibitor of spoilage organisms. Therefore, stability increases exponentially with acetic acid concentration. Only butyric acid has a similar effect. Other compounds, like lactic acid, 1,2-propanediol, and 1-propanol, have been shown to have no effect, while fructose and mannitol reduce stability.

Effects of Fermented Green Juice and Cellulase on the Silage Quality of Sugarcane Top

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1053-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Fen Zhuang ◽  
Xin Zhu Chen ◽  
Zhao Xia Dong ◽  
Jian Guo Zhang ◽  
Wen Chang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

Two moisture levels of sugarcane top (moisture contents 69.03% - MC1 and 56.38% - MC2) were treated with fermented green juice (FGJ) at 2 ml/kg and/or with cellulase (CEL) at 5000 U/kg raw matter, and ensiled in the laboratory at ambient temperature. All additive treatments significantly (P<0.01) increased lactic acid and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contents, and significantly (P<0.01) decreased pH and contents of NH3-N and acetic acid compared with the control. The treatment of FGJ and CEL mixture significantly (P<0.01) decreased pH and content of acetic acid (AA) compared with treatments of FGJ and CEL alone. All the MC2 silages had more extensive fermentation than MC1 silage, shown by higher contents of lactic acid, lower pH values and NH3-N contents. In conclusion, both FGJ and CEL addition significantly improved the silage quality of sugarcane top, and their mixture had better result than FGJ and CEL alone. Reducing the moisture content of sugarcane top could improve its silage quality.

scholarly journals Selection of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Alfalfa Silage and Its Effects as Inoculant on Silage Fermentation

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
Vanessa P. Silva ◽  
Odilon G. Pereira ◽  
Eliana S. Leandro ◽  
Rosinea A. Paula ◽  
Mariele C. N. Agarussi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Lactobacillus Pentosus ◽  
Alfalfa Silage

The first part of the study aimed to isolate, characterize, and identify wild lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from alfalfa silage produced in a tropical area. LAB strains were isolated from alfalfa silage ensiled for 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days (d) and were identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The second part aimed to investigate the effects of wild LAB strains on the nutritive and fermentative characteristics of alfalfa silage. This trial was conducted according to a completely randomized design in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme [four inoculants (I) × two harvests (H)], (n = 4). The inoculants were: (1) no inoculant (CTRL), (2) Lactobacillus pentosus (AV 14.17); (3) L. pentosus + Lactobacillus brevis + Pediococcus acidilactici (Combo); and (4) commercial inoculant (CI). Alfalfa forage (7 kg) was ensiled in 10 L buckets and opened after 90 d. Seventy-seven strains were isolated. Pediococcus, Lactobacillus, and Weissella represented 52.0, 24.7, and 20.8% of the isolates, respectively. For the first harvest, Combo, CI, and all inoculated silages showed lower acid detergent fiber ADF, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), respectively. Silage fermented with AV14.17 presented greater residual water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) in the second harvest and showed the lowest pH in both harvests. AV14.17 strain has potential as an inoculant for alfalfa silage production.

Varying ensiling conditions affect the fermentation quality and abundance of bacterial key players in lucerne silages

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-303
Author(s):  
T. Hartinger ◽  
K. Kube ◽  
N. Gresner ◽  
K.-H. Südekum
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Lactic Acid Concentration ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Silage Additives

AbstractThe successful ensiling of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) depends on a rapid acidification in the silo and consequently relies on a sufficient proliferation of, particularly homofermentative, lactic acid bacteria. Similarly, growth of spoilage bacteria, such as enterobacteria and clostridia, must be suppressed and silage additives are therefore frequently applied to promote favourable conditions during ensiling. Three silage additives or soil were applied during lucerne ensiling and investigated for their effects on silage quality characteristics and abundances of total bacteria as well as the bacterial key players Lactobacillus spp., homofermentative Lact. plantarum, heterofermentative Lact. buchneri, Clostridium spp. and Enterobacteriaceae after 30 days of storage. Inoculation with viable Lact. plantarum resulted in highest concentration of this species and excellent silage quality, i.e. high lactic acid concentration coupled with low acetic acid and ammonia-nitrogen concentrations. A sodium nitrite and hexamine-based additive did not support growth of lactic acid bacteria, which was also apparent by higher pH and low lactic acid concentration. No effect of treatments was found on spoilage-related enterobacteria and clostridia, even not when adding soil to lucerne to increase initial clostridial contamination. However, soil treatment resulted in increased ammonia-nitrogen and acetic acid concentrations. Consequently, among the bacterial key players, lactic acid bacteria concentrations were related to silage quality. Regarding spoilage bacteria, however, alterations in silage quality characteristics were not reflected in the abundances of enterobacteria and clostridia. Future investigations should underpin the present findings and help to understand how silage additives affect microbial key players and silage fermentation.

Evaluation of Fermentation and Aerobic Stability of Total Mixed Ration Silage Containing Wet Brewers’ Grains and Corn Straw

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 189-192
Author(s):  
Hui Li Wang ◽  
Qi Zhong Sun ◽  
Fu Yu Yang ◽  
Chun Cheng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Lactic Acid Concentration ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Fermentation Quality

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of ensiling on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of a total mixed ration (TMR) containing wet brewers’ grains and corn straw. During the ensiling period, pH fell dramatically from 6.00 to 3.92 at the initial 3 days, then it maintained relatively stable. Lactic acid concentration firstly increased rapidly then it became slowly to reach 3.21% at day 28 post-ensiling. No propionic acid or butyric acid was observed throughout the ensiling. When exposed to air, the temperature of TMR increased quickly to reach a maximum of about 45°C at the 6-day, then it tended to decline until day 9. Later, it had another relative low peak at the 10-day, then it dropped slowly to be equal to air temperature. For TMR silage, no heat production or mold were detected in the entire period. In addition, during the days of exposure, the pH for TMR varied from 6.0-8.7, while TMR silages had no significant differences (3.86 to 3.87). The number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for the TMR decreased from the initial 3.2×103cfu g-1to below detectable levels and yeast counts increased by 1000 times. However, the TMR silage had no significant change in LAB and yeast counts. These results indicated that the TMR silage showed great quality and aerobic stability. Overall, fermentation plays an important part in helping total mixed ration silage forming a good aerobic stability.

scholarly journals Effect of 11CFT and 11C33 inoculants on the chemical and fermentation composition, and aerobic stability of corn silage during the feed out period

2021 ◽  
pp. 395-410
Author(s):  
Tânia Mara Becher Ribas ◽  
◽  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Egon Henrique Horst ◽  
Fernando Braga Cristo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Bacterial Inoculants ◽  
Aerobic Stability

The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of two bacterial inoculants, 11CFT and 11C33, with different genera of lactic acid bacteria on the chemical and fermentation composition of the silage, and the temperature and pH behavior of the silage during the feed out period. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with three treatments: corn silage without inoculant (control); corn silage with 11CFT inoculant (consisting of strains of Lactobacillus buchneri and L. casei); and corn silage with 11C33 inoculant (consisting of strains of L. buchneri, L. plantarum and Enterococcus faecium). The use of both inoculants increased the concentration of lactic acid in the silage (22.42 g kg-1 for control against 36.00 and 33.33 g kg-1 for 11CFT and 11C33, respectively) and reduced aerobic dry matter losses. The silage treated with 11C33 obtained a higher concentration of acetic acid (17.44 g kg-1) and propionic acid (2.08 g kg-1). The 11CFT inoculant provided a lower concentration of ethanol, however, without differing from the silage with 11C33 (0.70 and 1.61 g kg-1, respectively). Even without variations in temperature and pH at silage unloading, the use of the 11C33 inoculant generated a higher concentration of acetic and propionic acid, providing better aerobic stability days after unloading. Both inoculants also improved the in situ ruminal digestibility of corn silage compared to control silage. They provide an increase in the content of lactic and propionic acids, which assist to reduce dry matter losses and ethanol production. There were no variations in temperature and pH at the silo unloading, however, the use of the 11C33 inoculant generated a higher concentration of acetic and propionic acids providing better aerobic stability after exposure to air.

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