scholarly journals Effects of the forage content of the winter diet on the growth performance and carcass quality of steers finished on mountain pasture with a barley supplement

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Blanco ◽  
M. Joy ◽  
B. Panea ◽  
P. Albertí ◽  
G. Ripoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Carotenoid Concentration ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Winter Feeding

Eighteen Parda de Montaña steers (366 kg liveweight, 10 months of age) received diets of either forage (F; lucerne hay + straw) or forage and concentrate (FC; lucerne hay + straw + barley) during the winter feeding period, which lasted 118 days. Thereafter, steers continuously grazed in meadows in a dry mountain area until the end of the grazing period in September (160–167 days) and received 4.1 kg DM barley per head for the final 103–110 days of the grazing season. The steers that received the FC winter diet were heavier (491 vs 457 kg, respectively; P < 0.05) and had deposited more fat (7.2 vs 5.8 mm, P < 0.05) and muscle (63 vs 54 mm, P < 0.05) at the end of the winter than the steers that received the F winter diet. During the grazing period, the steers from both groups had similar weight gains (0.728 and 0.756 kg/day for FC and F diet, respectively). At slaughter, the steers from both groups were of similar age (590 vs 599 days, for FC and F diet, respectively) and had similar liveweights (560 vs 539 kg), muscle depths (54 vs 63 mm) and subcutaneous fat thicknesses (7.3 vs 7.2 mm). The serum leptin concentration differed only at the end of the winter period, when steers on the FC diet had higher leptin concentrations than did steers on the F diet (P < 0.05), reflecting differences in fatness. The carotenoid concentration in the plasma during the winter feeding period was higher in steers on the F than on the FC winter diet, but this difference was not seen during the grazing period. Carcasses from steers on the FC winter diet were heavier (324 vs 300 kg; P < 0.05) and had a higher dressing percentage (57.3% vs 56.1%, P < 0.05) than those reared on the F winter diet, but the fatness and conformation scores were similar between the groups. The percentages of fat, muscle and bone in the commercial dissection and 10th rib dissection did not differ between the winter diet groups. In conclusion, the differences resulting from the winter feeding period disappeared after the grazing period, and the carcass quality did not differ between the diets. Therefore, both strategies are equally technically advisable.

The winter decline in the solids-not-fat content of herd bulk-milk supplies

1969 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Wright ◽  
J. A. F. Rook ◽  
J. J. Panes
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
The West ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Characteristic Effect ◽  
Winter Feeding

Summary(1) A survey of the composition of the milk of individual cows in 4 commercial herds in the West Riding of Yorkshire was undertaken from October 1967 to May 1968.(2) In 3 of the 4 herds there was a decline in solids-not-fat (SNF) content throughout the winter feeding period. Milk protein content was at a minimum in January–February but in all 3 herds lactose content also declined and in 2 of the herds this was the major cause of the fall in SNF content.(3) The decline in lactose content was the result partly of the characteristic effect of an advance in lactation, partly of an increase in the incidence of mastitis throughout the winter period. In all herds there was a significant inverse relationship between lactose content and cell count in the bulked milk of individual cows.(4) In 3 of the herds autumn-calving (October–December) animals showed a pronounced fall in milk protein content in the early months of lactation which was not observed in summer-calving (July–September) animals. There was no response in SNF or protein content to supplementary concentrates offered towards the end of the winter-feeding period, whereas with the commencement of grazing in the spring there was an immediate increase in both protein and SNF contents.

Performance of young steers offered silage or thermo-ammoniated hay with or without a fish-meal supplement

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Gibb ◽  
R. D. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Energy Gains ◽  
Winter Feeding

ABSTRACTAn experiment was carried out to examine the performance of young steers given basal diets of either silage or ammoniated hay ad libitum, with or without a daily supplement of fish meal, equivalent to 0·75 g/kg live weight, over 16 weeks. Serial slaughter of animals was carried out to examine changes in body composition during the winter feeding period and the subsequent grazing season.There was no difference in the intakes of hay and silage organic matter over the 16 weeks of treatment. Despite the increased intake of nitrogen on the ammoniated-hay diet there was no increase in the rate of protein gain. By turn-out the steers given silage had higher empty body and carcass weights, and greater contents of fat and energy. The increased rates of empty body-weight, carcass, protein, water and energy gains achieved when the supplement was given were similar for both basal diets. There was no effect of winter feeding treatment on changes in body composition during the grazing period, so that at the end of the summer period the silage-fed animals still had heavier empty body and carcass weights. Attention is also drawn to the possible dangers of feeding hay treated with anhydrous ammonia at high temperatures to such cattle.

Changes in plasma and milk tocopherol levels in beef cattle turned out to pasture

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hidiroglou ◽  
K. J. Jenkins ◽  
J. M. Wauthy ◽  
J. E. Proulx
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Nutritional Muscular Dystrophy

SUMMARYChanges in tocopherol concentrations in the milk of Shorthorn cows, and blood of their calves associated with a change from a winter diet of hay to lush spring pasture were examined. During the winter feeding period the tocopherol levels in the colostrum (108 μg/100 ml) and milk (40 μg/100 ml) were low. A significant increase occurred in the milk tocopherol concentrations after the cows were turned out to spring pasture. Immediately before the animals were turned out to pasture the tocopherol levels were lower in calves with high serum levels of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, indicative of muscular dystrophy. Plasma tocopherol levels in all calves increased throughout the grazing period, reaching a maximum average value of 919 μg tocopherol/100 ml after 63 days. Six Limousin × Shorthorn calves out of a total of 41 died with nutritional muscular dystrophy but no mortalities occurred among 26 purebred Shorthorn calves.

The effect of the plane of energy nutrition of the cow during the late winter-feeding period on the changes in the solids-not-fat content of milk during the spring-grazing period

1960 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. F. Rook ◽  
C. Line ◽  
S. J. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Special Effect ◽  
Previous Level ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Friesian Cows ◽  
Winter Feeding

SummaryThree groups of eight Friesian cows, four of high and four of low milk yield, were given during the last month of the winter-feeding period rations that provided respectively low, normal and high planes of energy nutrition, at approximately 75,100 and 130% of the Woodman standards for starch equivalent (S.E.). They were then all changed to the grazing of good, spring pasture, without supplementary food. The changes with grazing in solids-not-fat (S.N.F.) content and yield of milk were markedly influenced by the previous level of winter feeding. After 15–18 days of grazing the mean changes in S.N.F. percentage were +0·33, +0·11 and –0·12 for the low, normal and high energy groups, and the corresponding changes in milk yield were +7·70, +2·13 and –0·68 lb per cow per day. The changes in S.N.F. reflected mainly changes in protein content, and to these casein, β-lacto-globulin and α-lactalbumin all contributed. Small, differential changes were found in the fat and lactose contents of the milk. The effects of the level of initial milk yield of the cow on the various responses to grazing are recorded.These observations support the view that when a rise in S.N.F. with spring grazing occurs it probably results from an improvement in the plane of energy nutrition. There appears to be no need to postulate a special effect of any specific herbage constituent.

EFFECT OF HIGH CONCENTRATE FEEDING ON THE CARCASS QUALITY AND FAT COLORATION OF GRASS-REARED STEERS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. FORREST
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Excessive Amount ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Feeding Period

Fifty yearling beef steers of primarily mixed British beef breeding, and averaging 237.8 kg (SD = 23.47) were reared on grass from April to October. They were then placed in a feedlot for finishing and serially slaughtered over a 112-day feeding period. Feedlot gains averaged 0.64 kg/day, while carcass weight increased from 380.8 to 450.2 kg and rib fat increased from 18.7 to 30.8%. After 56 days in the feedlot, all carcasses graded either A-1 or A-2. After 28 days, the amber fat color, as scored by Federal Government graders, had been reduced from 6.5 to 4.5 when rated on a scale ranging from 1 (white) to 9 (intense amber). Carotene analysis of the carcass fat demonstrated a significant reduction (P < 0.05) from 0.28 to 0.17 mg/100 g fat during the first 28-day feeding period. These findings indicate that yearling steers reared on grass and not carrying an excessive amount of subcutaneous fat can produce A-1 carcasses, with acceptable coloration, after a concentrate feedlot finishing period of 56 days.

Subcutaneous fat thickness at slaughter in castrated and non-castrated Santa Inês and Dorper lambs and its influence on meat and carcass quality

2021 ◽  
pp. 104694
Author(s):  
Francisco Fernandes Junior ◽  
Amanda de Freitas Pena ◽  
Fernando Augusto Grandis ◽  
Natalia Albieri Koritiaki ◽  
Fabíola Cristine de Almeida Rego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Santa Inês

An evaluation of beef carcass quality 2. Influence of variation in grazing intensity and the level of barley supplementation with silage on the carcass and meat quality of Friesian steers

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
C. E. Hinks ◽  
J. H. D. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Carcass Quality

SUMMARYTwo experiments concerning the effects, on the carcass and meat characteristics of 18-months-old Friesian steers, of variation in grazing intensity and the level of barley feeding with silage are reported.Groups of 12 steers were grazed at different intensities over 5-month grazing periods, such that live-weight differences of 38 kg and 16 kg were recorded at housing. No compensatory growth was recorded during the subsequent winter feeding period.Whilst the grazing treatments had little effect on carcass or meat quality, higher levels of barley feeding with silage over the winter period (710 v. 410 kg/steer) had significant effects on live-weight gain, and increased carcass weight by 21 kg at slaughter. The higher yield of carcass weight was reflected in significant differences in carcass composition, joint proportions and retail cut-out value. Sixty per cent of the carcass weight difference was removed as trim fat. Differences in carcass fatness were not associated with any differences in eating quality.

Relationships among carcass quality characteristics between and within carcass quartering sites

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Baud ◽  
C. M. Wade ◽  
M. E. Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Fat Thickness

Carcass quality characteristics were measured on 511 steers of 4 breeds that were destined for the Japanese market. All steers had carcass measurements taken at the 10th/11th rib interface, while 103 steers had additional measurements made on the same characteristics at the 5th/6th rib interface. Australian marbling score, longissimus muscle area, intramuscular fat percentage, intramuscular water content, Japanese intermuscular fat thickness, Japanese subcutaneous fat thickness, Japanese rib thickness, and meat pH were measured in the study. These measurements allowed the phenotypic relationships between the different carcass quality traits measured at the 10th/11th rib interface to be calculated. Significant positive correlations were observed among measurements of carcass fatness, and significant negative correlations were observed between carcass fatness and carcass water content. Angus and Murray Grey cattle had higher levels of marbling and intramuscular fat than Hereford and Poll Hereford cattle The data enabled Australian, USDA, and Japanese marbling standards to be compared on the basis of intramuscular fat percentage determined by an ether extraction process. Differences between the same carcass characteristics taken at 5th/6th and 10/11th rib interfaces of the longissimus dorsi were estimated from the 103 steers measured at both sites. Correlations between the rib sites were high for marbling, intramuscular fat, and intramuscular water, but low for longissimus muscle area, intermuscular fat thickness, and pH.

Kale-based out-wintering systems for weaned Aberdeen Angus cross and Limousin cross steers during a winter store period

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 236-236
Author(s):  
J. J. Hyslop ◽  
D. Fleming ◽  
G. J. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
The Uk

Since de-coupling of CAP subsidy schemes from actual animal production, lowering the costs of finishing cattle production systems is one of the key challenges facing the beef industry. One of the largest costs associated with finished cattle production from spring-born suckled calves is the costs of over-wintering the weaned steer calf once the suckling phase is over. The capital tied up in buildings is a major component of these costs in countries such as the UK where the relatively harsh winter environments have traditionally led to many weaned suckled calves being housed and fed conserved forages over the winter months to ensure adequate performance. Previous work (Hyslop et al, 2006) has shown that under appropriate field conditions, non-lactating, spring calving suckler cows can be out-wintered on both grazed kale or turnip based-systems with an acceptable degree of animal performance. The objective of the current study was to determine liveweight (LW) changes in weaned spring-born suckled calf steers when managed outdoors on kale-based grazing systems during a short winter feeding period and to assess the dirtiness of steers hides at the end of the kale grazing period.

Nitrogen response and stocking rate of Pennisetum clandestinum pastures: II. Cattle growth

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Mears ◽  
L. R. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Response ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Pennisetum Clandestinum

SummaryIndividual live-weight gain (LWG) of Angus weaner cattle continuously grazing (Pennisetum clandestinum) pasture was negatively and linearly related to stocking rate (SR) and independent of ammonium nitrate (N) application rate at similar grazing pressures.Live-weight gain varied from 380 to 1056 kg/ha according to N rate in 1970–1 and from 637 to 1477 kg/ha in 1971–2. Calculated SR giving maximum LWG/ha was 3·4, 4·7, 7·6 and 9·8 animals/ha for the 0, 134, 336 and 672kg N/ha treatments respectively in 1970–1 and 6·1, 5·7, 9·1 and 10·6 animals/ha for the same treatments in 1971–2. Highest response to applied N (1·9 and 3·4 kg LWG/kg additional N in successive years) occurred between N131 and N336; response was greater at low and intermediate SR than at high SR. Carcass weight, quality score, depth of subcutaneous fat and area of eye muscle were negatively related to SR; SR's giving maximum output per unit area caused a reduction of ca.25% in production per head and adversely affected carcass quality at 18 months of age.LWG/head was independent of feed availability in spring and summer and was positively related to availability of green kikuyu up to 600 kg D.M./head in the autumn/winter period.

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