Blend-feeding or feeding a single diet to pigs has no impact on growth performance or carcass quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Moore ◽  
B. P. Mullan ◽  
J. C. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Feeding Diets

A completely randomised block experiment was conducted using 216 female pigs (Large White × Landrace, six pigs/pen and 12 replicate pens/treatment), at an average liveweight (LW) of 22.6 kg ± 0.56 (mean ± s.e.m.), to examine the effect of feeding strategies on performance during the grower–finisher phase. Pigs were blocked and randomly allocated to the following treatments on the basis of initial LW: (1) phase-feeding: diets changed when the average LW of pigs in the pen reached 20, 50 or 80 kg; (2) blend: diets changed weekly to meet the requirements of the average LW of pigs in the pen and; (3) single: the same diet fed throughout (formulated to meet the requirements of the pig at 60 kg LW). The experimental diets were fed from 22 to 102 kg LW. Between 68 and 98 days of age, pigs fed the single diet grew more slowly (P < 0.001) due to poorer feed conversion (P < 0.001) than did pigs fed the phase-feeding or blend diets. However, between 99 and 133 days of age, pigs fed the single diet utilised feed more efficiently (P < 0.001) than did pigs fed the phase-feeding and blend diets. Therefore, there was no significant effect of the feeding strategies on overall growth performance (P > 0.05) and there was no significant difference in carcass quality (P > 0.05) among treatment groups. However, it was 3.74% and 3.51% cheaper to use the blend- and single-diet feeding strategies, respectively, than it was to use a phase-feeding program (P = 0.002). The present experiment has shown that blend-feeding could be a strategy to reduce the cost of production. Feeding a single diet appears to have merit and may have appeal for certain circumstances; however, it would need to be investigated further before being implemented commercially.

Influence of Dietary Substitution of Palm Oil by Rapeseed Oil at Different Levels on Growth Performance and Economics of Broilers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sudharsan ◽  
S. Senthil Murugan ◽  
Biju Chacko ◽  
Sanis Juliet ◽  
Suresh N. Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Poultry Diets

Background: Fat and oil are commonly used in poultry diets to increase energy density and also to increase the palatability of feed, feed efficiency and for deposition of fat in broilers. Thus a study was proposed to find the effects of dietary replacement of saturated fatty acid rich palm oil (PO) by omega-3 rich rapeseed oil (RO) on growth performance and economics in broilers. Method: The growth performance feeding trial was conducted in 160 day-old broilers (vencobb 400) with four treatment groups (G1, G2, G3 and G4) with four replicates of ten chicks each. The basal diet (R1) was prepared with palm oil included at the rate of 1.5, 3, and 4.5 per cent in pre-starter, starter and finisher ration, respectively and fed to G1. The other treatment groups G2, G3 and G4 received R2, R3 and R4 experimental rations respectively. The experimental rations R2, R3 and R4 were prepared with rapeseed oil replacing 25, 50 and 100 per cent of palm oil which was included in R1. Result: The broiler ration prepared with rapeseed oil at 50 and 100 per cent level (G3 and G4) replacing palm oil showed increased body weight gain (P less than 0.01) and better feed conversion ratio (P less than 0.05) than G1 group. There was no significant difference in the feed intake among the different treatment groups. Profit per kg live weight in G3 (Rs.12.06) and G4 (Rs.11.14) was more than G1 (Rs.8.21) and G2 (Rs.6.57). The supplementation of omega-3 rich rapeseed oil had significantly improved the performance of broilers.

Effect of sex on growth performance, nutrient utilizationand carcass characteristics in cross bred pigs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gowher Gull Sheikh ◽  
R.P.S. Baghel ◽  
Sunil Nayak ◽  
Aijaz Ahmad Ganie
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nonsignificant Difference ◽  
Gender Groups

A study was carried on 24 piglets (Large White York Shire × Desi) of an average initial weight of 20 kg of three gender groups, barrows, boars and gilts consisted of eight pigs each, of comparable body weight fattened from 20-48 kilograms (growing) to 49-96 kilograms (finishing) to see the effect of gender on growth performance, nutrient utilization and carcass traits. When comparing feed intake at the growing stage, gilts consumed significantly more (P less than 0.05) feed than boars and barrows. There was no significant difference in average daily weight gain among barrows, boars and gilts in growing and finishing stage. Gilts had significantly higher (P less than 0.05) feed conversion ratio than boars in growing period and barrows in finishing period. Nutrient digestibility was similar except crude protein among groups. Fasting weight and weight after bleeding was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in gilts with nonsignificant difference between barrows and boars. Sex has no significant effect on evisceration weight, dressing percentage and carcass length in pigs. Carcass backfat of barrows was significantly thicker (P less than 0.05) than that of boars and gilts, however, the loin eye area was significantly larger (P less than 0.05) in gilts than boars and barrows. There were no significant differences among groups concerning the proportions of ham, under cut, bacon and rib chop however, shoulder and loin percentages were higher (P less than 0.05) in gilts than boars and barrows.

Evaluation of multi-nutrient block supplementation on nutrient intake and growth performance of Yankasa rams fed based diet of cowpea shell and maize offal

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-297
Author(s):  
J. Yerima ◽  
M. Abubakar ◽  
D. J. U. Kalla ◽  
A. Mijinyawa ◽  
A. Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
The Cost

The effects of supplementing different urea molasses blocks to Yankasa Rams fed maize offal-based diet on nutrient intake, growth performance and economics of production were evaluated. Yankasa rams fed cowpea shell and maize offal-based diets mixed in a ratio of 1:3 supplemented with urea molasses block (UMB). The supplementary blocks were formulated to contain 0, 5, 10 and 15% urea. Twenty Yankasa rams were used for the experiment with initial body weights range of 16-20kg and randomly allocated to four treatment groups of five animals each in completely randomized designed. Data on feed and water intake, body weight change were measured. Rams were fed both the basal diet and supplements ad libitum. The result revealed no significant (P>0.05) difference in basal feed (579.38-595.18g/day), UMB (60.78-96.50g/day) and dry matter intakes (584.36-609.33 g/day) among the treatments. Rams on treatment 3 recorded the highest average daily weight gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (101.43 g/day, 5.93) than those on treatment 2 (48.57 g/day, 12.37) with the least. The cost of UMB/kg was least in treatment 3 (N 46.66) compared to those on treatment 1(N 83.66), 2(N 113.05) and 4(N 50.39). Supplementation of urea molasses block improved growth performance and FCR. Urea up to 15% may be included in urea molasses blocks without any detrimental effects on performance. However, including urea at 10% in UMB gave the highest ADG and FCR and therefore may be recommended for growing Yankasa rams

Ractopamine supplementation increases lean deposition in entire and immunocastrated male pigs

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Moore ◽  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
B. P. Mullan ◽  
D. P. Hennessy ◽  
D. N. D'Souza
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Pork Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Total Tissue ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Entire Male

Sixty entire male pigs (Large White × Landrace × Duroc crossbred) were individually reared from 45 to 114 kg liveweight in a 2 by 3 factorial experiment to determine the interactive effects of sex (entire male pigs v. male pigs immunologically castrated using Improvac with vaccinations administered at 13 weeks of age and 5 weeks before slaughter) and a ractopamine feeding program (constantly fed 0 or 5 ppm ractopamine for 26 days before slaughter v. a step-up program where 5 ppm of ractopamine was fed for 14 days followed by 10 ppm ractopamine for the final 12 days before slaughter) on growth performance, carcass composition and pork quality. Following the second vaccination, immunocastrated pigs ate more (P < 0.001) and grew faster (P < 0.05) than entire male pigs without affecting feed conversion efficiency. Dietary ractopamine supplementation for the last 26 days before slaughter improved feed conversion ratio (P = 0.024) and daily gain (P = 0.046). Dietary ractopamine supplementation also increased carcass total tissue (P = 0.023) and total lean (P = 0.027) content without affecting the objective meat quality (P > 0.05) in both entire and immunocastrated male pigs. The effects of dietary ractopamine and immunocastration were additive, such that pigs that were immunocastrated and received ractopamine grew 18% faster than control entire males. However, a step-up program of ractopamine supplementation did not provide further improvements in growth performance and carcass composition when compared with constant 5 ppm ractopamine supplementation. These findings indicate that ractopamine supplementation improved growth performance in entire and immunocastrated male pigs, thereby offering a means of improving growth performance of entire males without detrimental effects on pork quality.

scholarly journals 129 The effect of Activo Liquid supplemented via the water against Mecadox 50 on nursery pig’s growth performance and survival

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 73-73
Author(s):  
Rafael A Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feeding Program

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare Activo Liquid supplemented via the water agaisnt Mecadox 50 on nursery pigs’ growth performance and survival. Activo Liquid is a combination of secondary plant compounds plus organic acid (antimicrobial) supplemented in the water to support gut health and improve performance. The study design of this trial was a Split Plot with 36 replicates (9 replicates/treatment) with 10 pigs/pen. Pigs were allotted by a Randomized Complete Block Design by weight at weaning. Pigs were around 5.7 kg and 19 days of age average on body weight and weaning age, respectively. The nursery houses were not washed for two turns to expose the animals to serious pathogens. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance with pen as the experimental unit. Significant differences were established by P < 0.05. Treatments were Control with 50g/ton of Mecadox for all nursery phases and three Activo Liquid treatments (6 oz per 128 gallon of drinking water administered either for 3, 5 or 7 days post-weaning). A typical nursery feeding program was followed: Phase 1 from d 0 to d 7, Phase2 from d 8 to d 21 and Phase 3 from d 22 to d4 2. They contain 23%, 21% and 19% crude protein respectively. The results showed no significant difference on final body weight among the treatments. All Activo treatments had improved (P < 0.05) feed conversion (Feed:Gain) when compared with the medicated treatment. Activo Liquid 5d treatment post-weaning had numerically lower mortality when compared with all the other treatments. In conclusion, the results of this trial showed that the supplementation of Activo Liquid for 5 d post-weaning at 6 oz/128 gallon of water can safely replace Mecadox 50 g/ton. More research is needed to validate the repeatability of these results and understand Activo Liquid’s mode of action as a powerful antimicrobial.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF GROWING PULLETS FED CASSAVA ROOT-BASED DIETS

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
A. S. OYEGUNWA ◽  
A. A. MAKO ◽  
R. O. ETTU
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cassava Root Meal ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Lowered Body

A 13-week study was carried out to investigate the potentials of peeled and unpeeled cassava roots as a substitute for maize in layers ration. Unpeeled cassava root meal was used at 3 levels of inclusion (25%, 50% and 100%) while the peeled cassava meal was used only at 25% level of inclusion in the diet. A total of 140 black harco pullets were randomly allotted to 5 experimental diets in line with cassava root meal inclusion as diet 1 (control diet without cassava root), diet 2 (25% unpeeled cassava root meal), diet 3 (50% unpeeled cassava root meal), diet 4 (100% unpeeled cassava root meal) and diet 5 (25% peeled cassava root meal). The study lasted for 13 weeks. No significant difference (p<0.05) were observed in the values obtained across the treatment groups for feed intake. Birds that were fed with 100% unpeeled cassava meal (diet 4) had significantly lowered body weight gain when compared with birds that were fed with diets 1, 2, 3 and 5 which had similar values. No significant difference was observed in the feed conversion ratio of birds fed with diets 1,2,3 and 5 but these values were significantly lower that the value for diet 4. Other performance indices like age at first egg and hen day production at 24 weeks were not affected by cassava root meal inclusion in the diets. The cost of producing feed using cassava root meal was however cheaper than maize based diet.

Influence of energy and protein concentration in the diet on the performance of growing pigs 2. Differing nutrient density at a constant energy: protein ratio

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lodge ◽  
M. E. Cundy ◽  
R. Cooke ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Amino Acid Balance

SUMMARYForty-eight gilts by Landrace sires on Large White × Landrace females were randomly allocated to eight pens and within pens to six treatment groups involving three diets and two levels of feeding from 23 to 59 kg live weight. All diets were formulated to have approximately the same ratio of digestible energy to crude protein (160 kcal DE/unit % CP) but different energy and protein concentrations: (A) 3500 kcal/kg DE and 21 % CP, (B) 3150 kcal/kg DE and 19% CP, and (C) 2800 kcal/kg DE and 17% CP. Amino acid balance was maintained relatively constant with synthetic lysine, methionine and tryptophan. The levels of feeding were such that the lower level of diet A allowed an intake of energy and protein similar to the higher level of diet B, and the lower level of B was similar to the higher level of C.On the lower level of feeding, growth rate, efficiency of feed conversion and carcass fat content increased linearly with each increment in nutrient concentration; on the higher level of feeding growth rate and EFC increased from diet C to B but not from B to A, whereas carcass fat content increased linearly with diet from the lowest to the highest concentration. There was a non-significant tendency for the higher density diets at a similar level of nutrient intake to give better EFC and fatter carcasses than the lower density diets.

scholarly journals Dietary purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) promotes the growth performance of broilers by modulation of gut microbiota

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Wang ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Fengchun Ye ◽  
Hongbo Tang ◽  
Yanpeng Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dietary Treatments

AbstractPurslane is a widespread wild vegetable with both medicinal and edible properties. It is highly appreciated for its high nutritional value and is also considered as a high-quality feed resource for livestock and poultry. In this study, Sanhuang broilers were used to investigate the effect of feeding purslane diets on the growth performance in broilers and their gut microbiota. A total of 48 birds with good growth and uniform weight were selected and randomly allocated to four treatment groups A (control), B, C and D. Dietary treatments were fed with basal diet without purslane and diets containing 1%, 2% and 3% purslane. The 16S rDNA was amplified by PCR and sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq platform to analyze the composition and diversity of gut microbiota in the four sets of samples. The results showed that dietary inclusion of 2% and 3% purslane could significantly improve the growth performance and reduce the feed conversion ratio. Microbial diversity analysis indicated that the composition of gut microbiota of Sanhuang broilers mainly included Gallibacterium, Bacteroides and Escherichia-Shigella, etc. As the content of purslane was increased, the abundance of Lactobacillus increased significantly, and Escherichia-Shigella decreased. LEfSe analysis revealed that Bacteroides_caecigallinarum, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillales and Firmicutes had significant differences compared with the control group. PICRUSt analysis revealed bacteria mainly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism pathway due to the additon of purslane in the diet. These results suggest that the addition of purslane to feed could increase the abundance of Lactobacillus in intestine, modulate the environment of gut microbiota and promote the metabolism of carbohydrates to improve its growth performance. This study indicates that the effect of purslane on the growth-promoting performance of broilers might depend on its modulation on gut microbiota, so as to provide a certain scientific basis for the application of purslane in the feed industry.

scholarly journals The Effect of Replacing Dried Meal Worm with Soybean Meal on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Naderi Boroojerdi ◽  
Mostafa Rajabzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract An experiment was conducted on 240 one-day old male (Ross308) chicken to the effect of substitution of dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) with soybean meal on growth performance and carcass characteristics broiler chicks. Chicks fed in a completely randomized design with 4 replicate cages (12 birds per cage). Five dietary treatments used: 1- Control treatment: Basal diet based on corn-soybean meal without adding dried mealworm, 2- Replacement of 5% dried mealworm with soybean meal in the base diet, 3- Replacement of 10% dried mealworm with soybean meal in the base diet, 4- Replacement of 15% dried mealworm with soybean meal in the base diet and 5- Replacement of 20% dried mealworm with soybean meal in the base diet. The results of the experiment showed that 3rd and 4th treatments with a substitution of 10 and 15 percent showed a higher mean weight gain and a daily gain, but their feed intake was lower comparing other treatments, and finally, the feed conversion ratio showed a significant decrease with respect to control treatment using these replacement levels. At 21 and 42 days of age, carcass yield and relative weight of the breasts showed significant increases in treatments 3 and 4, and other characteristics of chicken carcasses were not affected by the test treatments. The experiment showed that replacing soybean meal with 10% and 15% worm powder significantly improved the performance of broiler chickens, but no significant difference was found between the two levels.

scholarly journals Effect of piglet castration with nonsurgical sterilant on the zootechnical performance and pork carcass quality

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1487-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Lucas ◽  
E.T.F. Siqueira ◽  
M.M.H. Haguiwara ◽  
S.S. Azevedo ◽  
S.E. Yotsuyanagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Zinc Gluconate ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT A non-surgical sterilant (NSS) was used with the objective of assessing the zootechnical performance, carcass and meat quality, and hormone levels. 90 male piglets were selected with birthweights varying between 1.5kg to 2.0kg. The control group was constituted of 45 males castrated by the conventional surgical method, at the seventh day of age, and the treated group was constituted of 45 males castrated with NSS (active principle of zinc gluconate in the concentration of 26.2mg/mL associated to the dimethyl sulfoxide at 0.5%), with the application of the first dose on the seventh day of age and the second dose on the fourteenth day of age. The zootechnical assessments were carried out on the farm and consisted: weight gain in the periods per animal and feed conversion. The slaughter of the animals and the assessment of the carcass and meat quality and hormone levels were carried out in a slaughterhouse and the municipality of Campinas (SP). The study demonstrated that the use of NSS was a viable alternative in relation to the zootechnical performance and the carcass quality. In relation to the meat quality there was no significant difference in the majority of the assessed parameters.

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