The effect of sucrose addition on intake of a tropical grass hay by sheep

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 578 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. de Vega ◽  
D. P. Poppi
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Digitaria Eriantha ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Tropical Grass

Increasing levels of sucrose (15, 30, 45, and 60% of the total dry matter intake, DMI) were added to a Control diet of a tropical grass hay (pangola grass, Digitaria eriantha) to examine the effect on DMI and digestible organic matter intake (DOMI). A pelleted lucerne (Medicago sativa) diet provided a positive Control diet with a higher metabolisable energy intake. There were positive linear and quadratic effects of sucrose addition on DMI and DOMI, reflecting increasing values from Control to 45% sucrose, which then decreased for 60% sucrose. Intake values at 45% sucrose were equivalent to 49% (DMI) and 60% (DOMI) of those shown by animals fed on pelleted lucerne. At the same time there was a decrease in hay intake and neutral detergent fibre digestibility. Rumen concentration of butyric acid increased with sucrose addition. Eating pattern changed with increasing sucrose inclusion in that meals extended over the whole day rather than most food being consumed within 5 h as occurred with the high roughage diet. Intake of sucrose was similar for all diets by 5 h, but by 24 h high sucrose diets had resulted in a higher intake of sucrose. It was suggested that the underlying characteristics of the neutral detergent fibre present in the diet regulate intake by posing a limit, which cannot be overridden.

Intake and digestibility of tropical grass hay fed to Santa Ines sheep in Brazil

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 93-93
Author(s):  
C. M. Korndörfer ◽  
I. C. S. Bueno ◽  
A. L. Abdalla ◽  
J. D. Sutton ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Brazilian Savanna ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Signal Grass ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
Tropical Grass

Ruminant feeding standards in Brazil are generally based on systems developed for temperate regions and there is a serious lack of information on grazed tropical pasture which is the main feedstuff. Signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) represents half of the total cultivated pastures in Brazil (Miles et al., 1996). This study investigated the intake and digestibility by sheep of signal grass hay cut after re-growths of 28 and 56 days to represent the range used in practice in the Brazilian savanna. Lucerne hay was included as a positive control. The hays were offered at two levels of intake to Santa Ines wether sheep.

98 Buttiauxella Phytase Improves Growth Performance of Weanling Pigs Fed Corn, Soybean Meal, and Canola Meal Based Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 49-50
Author(s):  
Carly M Rundle ◽  
Yueming Dersjant-Li ◽  
Barthold Hillen ◽  
Maryane S Sespere Faria Oliveira ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Quadratic Effects

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that a Buttiauxella phytase expressed in T. reesei can compensate the reduction in standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P, Ca, digestible energy (DE), and standardized ileal digestible (SID) AA in diets for pigs without impaired growth performance. A positive control diet (PC) was formulated to meet the requirement for STTD P and total Ca (0.33% STTD P and 0.60% Ca). A negative control diet (NC) was formulated with 0.18% STTD P and 0.45% Ca and with reduction of DE by 43 kcal/kg and SID AA by 0.01–0.02% vs. PC. Adding 250, 500, or 1,000 phytase units (FTU) per kg to the NC diet for a total of 5 experimental diets formulated three additional diets. A total of 155 pigs (BW: 8.77 ± 1.38 kg) were allotted to the 5 treatments, and there were 8 replicate pens per treatment. The experiment was conducted for 21 d. Pigs were weighed at the beginning and conclusion of the experiment, and daily feed allotments were recorded. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain: feed ratio (G:F) were calculated for each treatment. Data were analyzed using contrast statements to compare PC and NC, PC and phytase, and to determine linear and quadratic effects of phytase. Results indicated that pigs fed the NC diet had reduced (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F compared with pigs fed the PC diet (Table 1). Adding phytase to NC increased ADFI (linear, P < 0.05) and ADG (quadratic, P < 0.05) with the greatest values for the 1,000 FTU treatment. Including phytase in the diet also resulted in a quadratic increase (P < 0.05) in G:F. In conclusion, Buttiauxella phytase may be included in diets with reduced nutrients and energy for weanling pigs without compromising pig growth performance.

Intake and digestibility of tropical grass hay fed to Santa Ines sheep in Brazil

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 93-93
Author(s):  
C. M. Korndörfer ◽  
I. C. S. Bueno ◽  
A. L. Abdalla ◽  
J. D. Sutton ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Brazilian Savanna ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Signal Grass ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
Tropical Grass

Ruminant feeding standards in Brazil are generally based on systems developed for temperate regions and there is a serious lack of information on grazed tropical pasture which is the main feedstuff. Signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) represents half of the total cultivated pastures in Brazil (Miles et al., 1996). This study investigated the intake and digestibility by sheep of signal grass hay cut after re-growths of 28 and 56 days to represent the range used in practice in the Brazilian savanna. Lucerne hay was included as a positive control. The hays were offered at two levels of intake to Santa Ines wether sheep.

scholarly journals 131 The effect of increasing phytase dose to 1000 FTU/kg on phosphorous and calcium digestibility in pigs fed diets without inorganic P

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 100-101
Author(s):  
Carly M Rundle ◽  
Barthold Hillen ◽  
Yueming Dersjant-Li ◽  
Anne-Marie Debicki-Garnier ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract An experiment was conducted to compare two sources of phytase, Buttiauxella phytase expressed in T. reesei (Phytase B) and a hybrid phytase expressed in A. niger (Phytase H), on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of phosphorous (P) and calcium (Ca) in pigs fed diets without inorganic P. Eighty barrows (12.8 ± 1.04 kg) were placed in metabolism crates and fed 8 diets (10 pigs/diet). A positive control diet (PC) based on corn, wheat, canola meal, and soybean meal was formulated to contain 0.29% standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P and 0.60% Ca. A negative control (NC) was formulated without inorganic P, and this diet contained 0.48% Ca and 0.19% STTD P. Six additional diets were formulated by adding 250, 500, or 1000 units of each phytase (FTU)/kg to NC. After 5 d of adaptation, feces were collected from the feed fed during the following 4 days. Data were analyzed using contrast statements to compare source of phytase and determine the linear and quadratic effects within each source of phytase. With increasing dosage, fecal excretion of P decreased with phytase B (quadratic, P < 0.05) and tended to decrease with phytase H (P < 0.10), but fecal P was greater (P < 0.05) for phytase H than phytase B. The ATTD of P increased quadratically with increasing dose of either phytase B or phytase H (P < 0.05). Across dose levels, phytase B had greater (P < 0.05) ATTD of P and Ca (77.3 and 83.5%) than phytase H (71.0 and 79.3), indicating that phytase B increases the ATTD of P and Ca to a greater extent than phytase H. In conclusion, both phytase B and phytase H, to a different extent, reduced fecal P excretion and increased ATTD of Ca and P in a dose dependent manner.

scholarly journals 278 Replacing cottonseed meal and sorghum grain with corn dried distillers grains with solubles in lamb feedlot diets: volatile compounds from cooked lamb chops

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 106-107
Author(s):  
Chris R Kerth ◽  
Kade M Hodges ◽  
Kayley R Wall ◽  
Zena M Hicks ◽  
Dylan H Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Abstract Dorper ram lambs (n = 46) were fed diets replacing cottonseed meal (CSM) and sorghum grain with dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). Lambs were fed with ad libitum access to 70.9% concentrate diets for 61 d in individual pens. The positive control diet (CNTL) contained CSM, sorghum grain, and other concentrates, but no DDGS. The four treatment diets were similar to CNTL, but did not contain CSM. Corn DDGS replaced 0%, 33%, 66% or 100% of the sorghum grain in the treatment diets. Lambs fed CNTL were contrasted to those fed 0% DDGS and linear and quadratic effects were evaluated within the four treatment diets. At 48-h postmortem, the longissimus muscle was removed from the carcass, frozen, thawed, cooked, and volatiles were collected using SPME/GC/MS. One volatile, 3-methyl,1-butanol was greater (P = 0.03) in CNTL, while 0DDGS had effectively no volatile present. For linear effects, 1-heptanol (fruity aroma) and 2-pentyl furan (caramel aroma) tended to increase linearly (P = 0.06 and 0.05, respectively), while 2-butanone tended to decrease linearly (P = 0.06; fruity-green aroma) in chops as DDGS increased in the diet. Additionally, 2-heptanone (P = 0.02; banana aroma) and heptanol (P = 0.03; woody aroma) both increased linearly in chops as DDGS increased in the diet. In the quadratic effects, decanoic acid (ethyl ester; grape aroma) tended to decrease quadratically (P = 0.07), while 2-butanone, methyl pyrazine (meaty, roasted aroma), and 2-ethyl-5-methyl pyrazine (coffee, nutty aroma) tended to increase quadratically (P = 0.05, 0.09, and 0.08, respectively) in chops with an increase in DDGS. The volatiles 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine (musty, cocoa aroma) and 2,3-octanedione (warmed-over aroma) both increased quadratically (P < 0.05) in chops as DDGS increased in the diet. Except for 2,3-octanedione, volatile aroma compounds were enhanced when DDGS replaced CSM and sorghum grain in lamb feedlot diets.

PSXIV-14 Supplementation of high-grain diet with red osier dogwood affects in vitro digestibility and fermentation characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 477-477
Author(s):  
Wenzhu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Rumen Acidosis ◽  
Barley Silage ◽  
And Control

Abstract Red osier dogwood (ROD) is a native shrub plant rich in phenolic compounds with antimicrobial properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of substituting barley silage with either raw ROD or ROD extract (RODE) in high-grain (HG) diet under a low media pH (5.8) on gas production (GP), dry matter (DM) disappearance (DMD) and fermentation characteristics in batch cultures. The study was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments: 1) control diet (10% barley silage and 90% barley concentrate, DM basis), control diet supplemented with 2) monensin (30 mg/kg diet DM; positive control), 3) substitution of 3% ROD or 4) 3% RODE for an equal portion of silage. Inoculum was obtained from 2 ruminally fistulated beef heifers offered the HG diet. Substrate ground (1 mm) was incubated for 24 h and the experiment repeated twice. The GP did not differ among treatments (147 ml/g DM), but the DMD differed (P < 0.02) at highest for control (69.4%), lowest for ROD (58.4%) and intermediate for other treatments (64.1%). Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration (mM) tended (P< 0.08) to be lower with ROD (80.5) and monensin (80.1) than control (83.9). Acetate proportion was greater (P = 0.02) with ROD (46.2%) and RODE (46.9%) than control (42.4%) and monensin (42.3%). However, the propionate proportion was greater (P = 0.05) with monensin (32.1%) than other treatments (averaged 30.1%). Consequently, acetate to propionate ratio (A:P) of ROD (1.52) and RODE (1.56) was higher than monensin (1.32; P < 0.01) and control (1.44; P < 0.08). Differences in variables measured between ROD and RODE were minimal. These results indicated that the decreased DMD along with increased A:P with addition of ROD or RODE suggests that both ROD and RODE may be beneficial to HG fed cattle for reducing risk of rumen acidosis without negatively impacting fibre digestion.

scholarly journals Amino acid requirements of pigs. 3. Requirement for apparent digestible threonine of pigs in different stages of growth.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3B) ◽  
pp. 609-622
Author(s):  
N.P. Lenis ◽  
J.T.M. van Diepen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

Individual and group housed crossbred pigs 45 to 105 kg and 65 to 95 kg in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, were given basal diets with L-threonine 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 g/kg. Positive and negative control diets contained total threonine 5.7 and 4.5 g/kg, respectively. To prevent other amino acids being limiting, the negative control diet was supplemented with lysine, methionine, tryptophan, isoleucine, histidine and valine. The positive control diet was supplemented with lysine and methionine. The requirement for total threonine of growing-finishing pigs for maximum growth performance was about 5.6 g/kg in a diet containing net energy 9.4 MJ/kg. This figure corresponds with about 4.7 g/kg apparent faecal digestible threonine and 4.3 apparent ileal digestible threonine. There was no difference between the growing and the finishing pigs. The requirement for ileal digestible threonine, relative to ileal digestible lysine requirement, was about 64%. It is concluded that dietary protein can be reduced by 2 percentage units without any adverse effect on growth performance, if limiting amino acids are sufficiently supplemented. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Dysregulated Bile Acid Receptor-mediated Signaling and IL-17A Induction are Implicated in Diet-associated Hepatic Health and Cognitive Function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRASANT KUMAR JENA ◽  
Lili Sheng ◽  
Michelle Nguyen ◽  
Jacopo Di Lucente ◽  
Ying Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Diet Intake

Abstract Background: Chronic consumption of high sugar and high fat diet associated with liver inflammation and cognitive decline. This paper tests a hypothesis that the development and resolution of diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has an impact on neuroplasticity and cognition. Methods: C57BL/6 wild-type mice were fed with either a healthy control diet (CD) or a fructose, palmitate, and cholesterol (FPC)-enriched diet since weaning. When mice were 3-months old, FPC diet-fed mice were randomly assigned to receive either FPC-enriched diet with or without 6% inulin supplementation. At 8 months of age, all three groups of mice were euthanized followed by analysis of inflammatory signaling in the liver and brain, gut microbiota, and cecal metabolites. Results: Our data showed that FPC diet intake induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation in the liver and brain along with elevated RORγ and IL-17A signaling. Accompanied by microglia activation and reduced hippocampal long-term potentiation, FPC diet intake also reduced postsynaptic density-95 and brain derived neurotrophic factor, whereas inulin supplementation prevented diet-reduced neuroplasticity and the development of NAFLD. In the gut, FPC diet increased Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae, which are implicated in cholesterol metabolism, and the genus Allobaculum, and inulin supplementation reduced them. Furthermore, FPC diet reduced FXR and TGR5 signaling, and inulin supplementation reversed these changes. Untargeted cecal metabolomics profiling uncovered 273 metabolites, and 104 had significant changes due to FPC diet intake or inulin supplementation. Among the top 10 most affected metabolites, FPC-fed mice had marked increase of zymosterol, a cholesterol biosynthesis metabolite, and reduced 2,8-dihydroxyquinoline, which has known benefits in reducing glucose intolerance; these changes were reversible by inulin supplementation. Additionally, the abundance of Barnesiella, Coprobacter, Clostridium XIVa, and Butyrivibrio were negatively correlated with FPC diet intake and the concentration of cecal zymosterol but positively associated with inulin supplementation, suggesting their benefits. Conclusion: Taken together, the presented data suggest that diet alters the gut microbiota and their metabolites, including bile acids. This will subsequently affect IL-17A signaling, resulting in systemic impacts on both hepatic metabolism and cognitive function.

Effect of leucaena supplementation level, and provision of urea, on utilisation by sheep of Rhodes grass hay

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Karda ◽  
G. McL. Dryden
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Tarramba leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Tarramba) foliage had per kilogram dry matter, 169 g protein and 29.8 g condensed tannins. Its value as a supplement, given either with or without urea, to sheep given a low-quality Callide Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana cv. Callide) hay was studied. Six rumen fistulated sheep (mean s.d. liveweight, 34 1.4 kg) were used to compare 6 dietary treatments in an incomplete latin square design. Rhodes grass hay was given ad libitum either alone, or with urea 7 g/day (U), or with leucaena 150 g/day (L150), or leucaena with urea (L150U), or leucaena 300 g/day (L300), or leucaena with urea (L300U). Digestible organic matter intake was increased significantly by leucaena supplementation although digestibility of the whole diet did not alter. Rumen fluid ammonia-N was not altered by leucaena supplementation, but was increased by urea. This suggests that Tarramba foliage protein has some resistance to ruminal degradation. Liquid and solids passage rates were not affected by the treatments. Microbial nitrogen supply to the intestine (g/day), and the efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis (g/kg organic matter apparently digested in the rumen), were increased by leucaena supplementation (P<0.01). Microbial protein synthesis was the only response in which 300 g/day air-dry Tarramba foliage gave improved results over 150 g/day.

West African dwarf goats utilized bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) meal as feed supplement

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 250-256
Author(s):  
A. O. Olosunde ◽  
S. M. Odeyinka
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
West African ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This studywas carried out to determine the utilization and the optimumlevel of offer of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) meal (BLM) by West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. In a 20-week trial, twenty four WAD goats of both sexes, 5-7 months old, were randomly allotted to four treatments of graded levels of BLM(0% BLM(Control diet), 15% BLM, 30% BLMand 45% BLMdiets) in a completely randomized design to determine the utilization of bitter leafmeal as feed for goats. The dietswere used as supplements to a basal ration of Panicummaximum. Two digestibility trials were carried out. The digestible ether extract intake and digestible organic matter of goats on 0% BLM were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the values obtained for goats on bitter leaf meal diets. The average daily weight gain (g/day) for goats on 0% BML was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of others. There were significant (P<0.05) differences in the percentage mortality of the goats fed experimental diets. The percentagemortality of goats on 30% and 45%BLMwere significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of others. It is concluded that bitter leafmeal can be included in the diets of (WAD) goats up to15%without any deleterious effect.

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