Incidence of subclinical toxicity in goats and dairy cows consuming leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) in Thailand

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Phaikaew ◽  
W. Suksaran ◽  
J. Ted-arsen ◽  
G. Nakamanee ◽  
A. Saichuer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dietary Component ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Subclinical Toxicity ◽  
Leucaena Toxicity

A survey of the leucaena toxicity status in four major goat-producing provinces of Thailand where leucaena is fed as the principal dietary component was conducted. Three adjacent dairy farms in one province where leucaena silage was being fed were also sampled. Urine samples were collected from 63 animals on six goat farms and from 32 cows on three dairy farms. Samples were acidified, cleaned and analysed by high performance liquid chromatography for 3,4-DHP and 2,3-DHP concentrations, using a modified procedure developed at the University of Queensland. Total DHP concentrations varied from 375 to 3357 μg/mL on goat farms, and from 142 to 182 μg/mL on dairy farms. These concentrations are indicative of subclinical toxicity that might cause reduced feed intake and productivity. The impact of high DHP on productivity needs to be further studied because leucaena is a readily available source of high-protein forage for ruminant industries in Thailand.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE CHOICE OF MILKING INSTALLATIONS IN LOOSE HOUSING SYSTEMS OF COWS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.В. ГОРДЕЕВ ◽  
В.Е. ХАЗАНОВ
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Technical Level ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Working Shift ◽  
Technical And Economic Indicators

При выборе типа доильной установки и ее размера необходимо учитывать максимальное планируемое поголовье дойных коров и размер технологической группы, кратность и время одного доения, продолжительность рабочей смены дояров. Анализ технико-экономических показателей наиболее распространенных на сегодняшний день типов доильных установок одинакового технического уровня свидетельствует, что наилучшие удельные показатели имеет установка типа «Карусель» (1), а установка типа «Елочка» (2) требует более высоких затрат труда и средств. Установка «Параллель» (3) занимает промежуточное положение. Из анализа пропускной способности и количества необходимых операторов: установка 2 рекомендована для ферм с поголовьем дойного стада до 600 голов, 3 — не более 1200 дойных коров, 1 — более 1200 дойных коров. «Карусель» — наиболее рациональный, высокопроизводительный, легко автоматизируемый и, следовательно, перспективный способ доения в залах, особенно для крупных молочных ферм. The choice of the proper type and size of milking installations needs to take into account the maximum planned number of dairy cows, the size of a technological group, the number of milkings per day, and the duration of one milking and the operator's working shift. The analysis of technical and economic indicators of currently most common types of milking machines of the same technical level revealed that the Carousel installation had the best specific indicators while the Herringbone installation featured higher labour inputs and cash costs. The Parallel installation was found somewhere in between. In terms of the throughput and the required number of operators Herringbone is recommended for farms with up to 600 dairy cows, Parallel — below 1200 dairy cows, Carousel — above 1200 dairy cows. Carousel was found the most practical, high-performance, easily automated and, therefore, promising milking system for milking parlours, especially on the large-scale dairy farms.

Determination of Mimosine and 2,3-Dihydroxypyridine in Leucaena leucocephala by Reversed Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai Mei Wu ◽  
Hong Min Yuan ◽  
Gang Jia ◽  
Zhi Sheng Wang ◽  
Xiu Qun Wu
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Uv Detector ◽  
Chromatography Method

A reversed high performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the quantitative determination of mimosine and 2,3-DHP in leaves ofLeucaena Leucocephala. Mimosine and 2,3DHP were extracted using 0.1N HCl.The chromatograph conditions were investigated and optimized. The optimal HPLC conditions as follows: Agilent HC-C18 column （4.6×150mm,5μm） was used at 30°C. The method used a variable wavelength UV detector at 280nm, the mobile phase consisted of 0.2 % (w/v) orthophosphoric acid and methanol, the gradient elution was adopted. The injection volume was 10μL. The linearity is favorable in the range of 1.0 to 50μg mL-1with a correlation coefficient of 0.99998 for mimosine and 0.99902 for 2,3DHP. Under the optimal conditions, the method limit of detection (LOD) of mimosine and 2,3DHP were 0.40mg/kg and 0.55mg/kg respectively. The recovery of mimosine was 87.00-94.70% with the RSD (n=5) of 2.75-3.81% in the spiked levels 0,1, 5, 20mg/g. At the same time, the recovery of 2,3DHP was 88-95.4% with the RSD (n=5) of 2.24-4.90%. The method was found to be simple, sensitive, fast and accurate, and has been applied successfully for the quantitative detection of mimosine and 2,3-DHP in leaves ofLeucaena Leucocephala, plasma and excretion of ruminant.

Extraction and Characterization of Galactomannan from Seeds of Leucaena leucocephala

2015 ◽  
Vol 1134 ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shazlinda Shirajuddin ◽  
Dzaraini Kamarun ◽  
Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail ◽  
Mohd Shahezwan Abdul Wahab ◽  
Abdul Rashid Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
G Ratio

Galactomannan is a biopolymer polysaccharides mostly obtained from Leguminosae plant have shown an interesting capability as drug carrier. In this study, galactomannan from the seeds ofLeucaenaleucocephalaknown locally as ‘petai belalang’ was obtained by water extraction. The galactomannan was characterized structurally by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Highly molecular weight of galactomannan, > 2.56 x 106Da, was successfully extracted from the plant. Total carbohydrate content of this polysaccharides is 74.84% and composition of galactose and mannose have been confirm by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) which is 36.67% and 38.17% respectively. M/G ratio was determined as 1:1. Hence, galactomannan has been successfully extracted from the seeds ofLeucaenaleucocephala.

The impact of BRD: the current dairy experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter M. Guterbock
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Age Range ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe primary source of data on bovine respiratory disease (BRD) prevalence in US adult dairy cattle is producer surveys, which estimate that 2.4–2.9% of cattle are affected. This estimate appears low when compared to calculations based on limited data regarding on-farm deaths due to BRD and the number of carcasses at slaughter with severe BRD. These calculations indicate that approximately 3% of dairy cows die on farm or go to slaughter with severe BRD. Not included in these data are cows that are treated for BRD and retained. The primary manifestation of BRD on dairy farms is in calves. Nationwide surveys have estimated that 12.4–16.4% of preweaned dairy heifer calves are affected with BRD, and 5.9–11% of calves are affected after weaning. More detailed prevalence studies have generally included a limited number of small farms, with limited calf age range studied. All studies relied on producer diagnosis. Prevalence in these studies ranged from 0 to 52%, with many cases occurring before weaning, and with BRD being associated with increased calf death rates. BRD affects heifer growth. It appears to have a small effect on age at first calving, and some studies have shown small effects on performance and herd life after calving. First lactation performance of heifers depends on many factors that can obscure the effects of calfhood BRD.

scholarly journals Carotenoid composition and content in products of sea buckthorn and peach as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Daood ◽  
K. Solymos ◽  
D. Bánáti ◽  
Z. Berta ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
End Capping ◽  
Different Response ◽  
The Impact

A study was conducted to analyse the carotenoids by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using reversed-phase cross linked end-capping and to study the pigment content and composition in sea buckthorn products as well as in freshly harvested fruits from peach thees grown under organic and integrated farming conditions. It was found that carotenoids in fruits of both crops occur mainly esterified with fatty acids in form of mono- and di-esters. The major carotenoids were esters of zeaxanthin, lutein, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene. The major carotenoids showed different response to processing of sea buckthorn being highly sensitive to thermal treatments such as blanching, cooking and drying. Significant differences were found between peach varieties in their carotenoid content, whereas the impact of organic farming on carotenoids formation was found to be variety-dependent. Two of the three varieties examined in this work, when cultivated under organic farming conditions contained lower carotenoid level as compared to that found in the fruits of the same varieties but produced in integrated farms.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Flower Color in Anagallis monelli L.

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1220-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna Freyre ◽  
Robert J. Griesbach
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Gene Model ◽  
Commercial Sources ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of New Hampshire

Plants of Anagallis monelli in their native habitat or in cultivation have either blue or orange flowers. Clonally propagated cultivars, seed obtained from commercial sources and the resulting plants were grown in a greenhouse at the University of New Hampshire. F2 progeny obtained from hybridization between blue- and orange-flowered plants had blue, orange or red flowers. There were no significant differences in petal pH of orange-, blue-, and red-flowered plants that could explain the differences in flower color. Anthocyanidins were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results indicated that blue color was due to malvidin, orange to pelargonidin, and red to delphinidin. Based on our segregation data, we propose a three-gene model to explain flower color inheritance in this species.

scholarly journals A Lipidomic Analysis of Docosahexaenoic Acid (22:6, ω3) Mediated Attenuation of Western Diet Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Male Ldlr -/- Mice

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel García-Jaramillo ◽  
Kelli A. Lytle ◽  
Melinda H. Spooner ◽  
Donald B. Jump
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major public health problem worldwide. NAFLD ranges in severity from benign steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and primary hepatocellular cancer (HCC). Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are strongly associated with NAFLD, and the western diet (WD) is a major contributor to the onset and progression of these chronic diseases. Our aim was to use a lipidomic approach to identify potential lipid mediators of diet-induced NASH. We previously used a preclinical mouse (low density lipoprotein receptor null mouse, Ldlr -/-) model to assess transcriptomic mechanisms linked to WD-induced NASH and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6, ω3)-mediated remission of NASH. This report used livers from the previous study to carry out ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with dynamic multi-reaction monitoring (HPLC-dMRM) to assess the impact of the WD and DHA on hepatic membrane lipid and oxylipin composition, respectively. Feeding mice the WD increased hepatic saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4, ω6) in membrane lipids and suppressed ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in membrane lipids and ω3 PUFA-derived anti-inflammatory oxylipins. Supplementing the WD with DHA lowered hepatic ARA in membrane lipids and ARA-derived oxylipins and significantly increased hepatic DHA and its metabolites in membrane lipids, as well as C20–22 ω3 PUFA-derived oxylipins. NASH markers of inflammation and fibrosis were inversely associated with hepatic C20–22 ω3 PUFA-derived Cyp2C- and Cyp2J-generated anti-inflammatory oxylipins (false discovery rate adjusted p-value; q ≤ 0.026). Our findings suggest that dietary DHA promoted partial remission of WD-induced NASH, at least in part, by lowering hepatic pro-inflammatory oxylipins derived from ARA and increasing hepatic anti-inflammatory oxylipins derived from C20–22 ω3 PUFA.

scholarly journals Dairy Woes in Wisconsin: What about the Amish?

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
John A. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
The State ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Wisconsin has steadily lost dairy farms for decades, yet the number of Amish dairy herds grew both numerically and proportionately into early 2018. Facing low milk prices, the overall rate of loss of dairy farms in Wisconsin accelerated since then. During 2019, the state lost over 1% of its dairy herds monthly, losing two to three herds daily. The expansion of Amish dairying also ended. Between April 1, 2018, when Wisconsin had 1,160 Amish dairy herds or 12.9% of the state's total, and November 1, 2019, the state lost 165 Amish herds. Losses are continuing.This paper focuses on the impact of the departure of many Amish farms from dairying, relying on examination of dairy producer licenses and a survey of bishops and ministers in Wisconsin's Amish church districts. The loss of Amish herds of dairy cows is greater than the overall departure of the Amish from dairying, inasmuch as the Amish have nearly doubled their milk goat herds over the past five years. Those settlements producing milk transported in cans have been more likely to leave dairying unless their community operates its own cheese factory. Yet dairying is declining in most Amish communities, other than in several recently established settlements. Expanding involvement in growing produce and in woodworking were seen.

scholarly journals Pratiques phytosanitaires en agriculture périurbaine et contamination des denrées par les pesticides : cas des maraîchers de Port-Bouët (Abidjan)

2019 ◽  
pp. 6847-6863
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
Codex Alimentarius ◽  
Pesticides Residues ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Plant Sciences ◽  
The Impact

1 RESUME L’implication des pesticides dans l’agriculture urbaine nécessite l’examen des pratiques phytosanitaires adoptées par les maraîchers afin de s’assurer de la santé des maraîchers et des consommateurs. Ce travail a pour but d’examiner les pratiques phytosanitaires observées par les maraîchers de Port-Bouët et l’incidence de ces pratiques sur la qualité sanitaire des légumes. Pour ce faire, une enquête a été réalisée sur le mode d’utilisation des pesticides, puis des échantillons de laitue ont été collectés chez les maraîchers et les résidus de pesticides de ces échantillons ont été quantifiés par chromatographie en phase liquide à haute performance (HPLC-UV). Ces investigations ont montré que les pesticides utilisés étaient majoritairement des insecticides (65,35 %) suivis des insecticides/acaricides (18,81 %), puis des fongicides (14,85 %) et des insecticides/nématocides (2,87 %). Parmi ces pesticides, 39,6 % n’étaient pas recommandés au maraîchage. La plupart des maraîchers (86,84 %) ne se protégeaient pas lors des applications phytosanitaires. La plus grande part des maraîchers (80,26 %) n’observaient pas les délais avant récolte. Au plan sanitaire, 93,33 % des échantillons de laitue n’étaient pas conformes aux normes du Codex alimentarius et de l’Union Européenne (Codex alimentarius, 2008 ; Codex alimentarius, 2011; Codex alimentarius, 2018 ; UE, 2018). En somme, les maraîchers de Port-Bouët n’observaient pas la bonne pratique phytosanitaire et cela avait pour conséquence la forte contamination de la laitue par les résidus de pesticides. Mots clés : pesticides; maraîcher ; contamination ; Port-Bouët ABSTRACT The implication of pesticides in urban agriculture requires examination of phytosanitary practices adopted by gardeners to protect gardeners and consumers health. This work aims to examine the phytosanitary practices observed by gardeners who worked at Port-Bouët and the impact of these practices on vegetables quality. Thus, a survey was conducted on pesticides use, then lettuce samples were collected at production sites and pesticide residues were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV). These investigations showed that the pesticides used by gardners were insecticides (65.35%), Kpan Kpan et al., 2019 Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences (J.Anim.Plant Sci. ISSN 2071-7024) Vol.41 (1): 6847-6863. https://doi.org/10.35759/JAnmPlSci.v41-1.11 6848 insecticides/acaricides (18.81%), fungicides (14.85%) and insecticides/ nematocides (2.87%). A significant amont of pesticides (39.6%) were not recommended for gardening. Most of the gardeners (86.84%) did not protect themselves during pesticides application and (80.26%) of these urban farmers did not observe the pre-harvest deadlines. Concerning vegetables quality, the pesticide residue content of 93.33% of lettuce samples were above maximum residue limits fixed by Codex Alimentarius and European Union (Codex alimentarius, 2008 ; Codex alimentarius, 2011; Codex alimentarius, 2018 ; UE, 2018). In conclusion, gardeners of Port-Bouët did not observe good phytosanitary practice ; as a result, lettuce was heavly contaminated by pesticides residues.

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