Advances in ecology and conservation of Hippocamelus species in South America

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 378 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Smith-Flueck ◽  
J. Barrio ◽  
N. Ferreyra ◽  
A. Nuñez ◽  
N. Tomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
South American ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Fundamental Cause ◽  
Pseudalopex Culpaeus

A symposium was held for the two South American deer of the genus Hippocamelus: the taruka, H. antisensis and the Patagonian huemul, H. bisulcus. The taruka is recognized as vulnerable and the huemul as endangered on the IUCN red list. To reverse the current trend and prevent further imminent declines, 13 recommendations were proposed. For taruka, national recovery plans should be developed and implemented in each country it inhabits, and hunting must be managed. For huemul’s lack of recovery, much still remains unknown about the causal factors and their overall significance: culpeo fox (Pseudalopex culpaeus) appear not to be an important mortality agent of heumul fawns, whereas habitat suitability may be the fundamental cause for the declines. Research should be conducted to better evaluate the interplay of threats and their relative importance.

scholarly journals Giant otter Pteronura brasiliensis density and abundance in Llanos Orientales de Colombia in the Orinoco basin

Oryx ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Germán Garrote ◽  
Beyker Castañeda ◽  
Jose Manuel Escobar ◽  
Laura Pérez ◽  
Brayan Marín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Population Size ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Recreational Fishing ◽  
Pteronura Brasiliensis ◽  
Direct Counts

Abstract The giant otter Pteronura brasiliensis, categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, was once widely distributed throughout South America. By the middle of the 20th century the giant otter had become locally extinct along the main rivers of the Orinoco basin. Although some populations seem to have recovered, the paucity of information available does not permit a full evaluation of the species' conservation status. The objective of this study was to estimate the abundance and density of the giant otter population along the Orinoco river in the municipality of Puerto Carreño, Vichada, Colombia, where there is important commercial and recreational fishing. Thirty-nine linear km were surveyed, repeatedly, with a total of 315 km of surveys. Population size was estimated by direct counts of individuals. All individuals detected were photographed and identified individually from their throat pelage patterns. In total, 30 otters were identified, giving a minimum density of 0.77 individuals per km, one of the highest reported for the species in Colombia. Given the high density in this well-developed area, our results highlight the importance of this population for the conservation of the species.

The Maugean Skate, Zearaja maugeana sp. nov. (Rajiformes: Rajidae)  — a micro-endemic, Gondwanan relict from Tasmanian estuaries

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1494 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER R. LAST ◽  
DANIEL C. GLEDHILL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
A New Species

A new species of rajin skate, Zearaja maugeana sp. nov., is described on the basis of specimens from two estuaries in remote southwestern Tasmania. The species, known locally as the Maugean Skate, has been assessed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals based on its rarity and very narrow geographic range. It is also one of the few skates worldwide to occur mainly in brackish water. The Maugean Skate belongs to a group of anatomically conservative, Dipturus-like skates conforming to the currently unrecognized genus Zearaja Whitley. This ancient group, with a Gondwanan lineage possibly dating back to the Cretaceous, contains at least two other species: Z. nasuta from New Zealand and Z. chilensis from South America. The skeletal morphologies of the Zearaja species are compared with typical Dipturus skates and their phylogenetic position discussed.

scholarly journals Brazilian foreign policy towards South America during the Lula administration: caught between South America and Mercosur

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (spe) ◽  
pp. 151-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Gomes Saraiva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
South America ◽  
South American ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
The South ◽  
Multilateral Institutions ◽  
South American Region ◽  
American Region

The aim of this article is to analyze Brazil's foreign policy towards the South American region during President Lula's administration. As such, the article intends to highlight two specific dimensions: the extent to which foreign policy during this period has differed from previous periods and the relative importance granted by Brazilian diplomacy to recent cooperation and integration efforts, more specifically the Unasur and Mercosur. The article argues that the Lula administration has behaved differently from its predecessors by prioritizing the building up of Brazilian leadership in South America on several different fronts, especially by strengthening multilateral institutions in the region

scholarly journals Densities of the Vulnerable marsh deer Blastocerus dichotomus in Bolivia's northern savannahs

Oryx ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-265
Author(s):  
Boris Ríos-Uzeda ◽  
Guilherme Mourão
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
South American ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Aerial Surveys ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Blastocerus Dichotomus ◽  
Health Programmes

AbstractAerial surveys have been used successfully to estimate vertebrate populations in open habitats. The marsh deer Blastocerus dichotomus, categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, lives in such habitats and is suitable for aerial counting because it is conspicuous. This species, the largest South American deer, is native to Argentina, Boliva, Brazil, Paraguay and Peru but no reliable information has previously been available on its populations in Bolivia. From May to August 2007 we conducted aerial transects to survey marsh deer in three large areas of savannah. We used a modified mark–recapture method to improve the accuracy of the counts and estimated density and abundance. The corrected, estimated density of the marsh deer was 0.24 km−2 in the northern La Paz Department, 0.12 km−2 in Mamoré and 0.15 km−2 in Iténez. These densities are similar to the mean density of the species on other South American savannahs. This is the first large-scale survey of the marsh deer in Bolivia and the first to provide information about the density of the species in the Amazon. We recommend the creation of protected areas in these savannahs, and wildlife and domestic health programmes to conserve the marsh deer of this region.

scholarly journals New distribution records of Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei (Testudines: Chelidae) from southeastern Brazil, including observations on reproduction

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 9322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Maffei ◽  
Bruno Tayar Marinho do Nascimento ◽  
Guilherme Marson Moya ◽  
Reginaldo José Donatelli
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New Records ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Freshwater Turtle ◽  
Data Deficient ◽  
Central South ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Near Threatened

Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei is a poorly known freshwater turtle widely distributed in central South America, where it occurs in Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, and probably Bolivia.  It is considered “Near Threatened” by the IUCN Red List and “Data Deficient” by other local lists. Herein, we present new records and data on the reproductive biology of Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei in southeastern Brazil. 

scholarly journals Global habitat suitability models of terrestrial mammals

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1578) ◽  
pp. 2633-2641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Rondinini ◽  
Moreno Di Marco ◽  
Federica Chiozza ◽  
Giulia Santulli ◽  
Daniele Baisero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Habitat Suitability Models ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals

Detailed large-scale information on mammal distribution has often been lacking, hindering conservation efforts. We used the information from the 2009 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as a baseline for developing habitat suitability models for 5027 out of 5330 known terrestrial mammal species, based on their habitat relationships. We focused on the following environmental variables: land cover, elevation and hydrological features. Models were developed at 300 m resolution and limited to within species' known geographical ranges. A subset of the models was validated using points of known species occurrence. We conducted a global, fine-scale analysis of patterns of species richness. The richness of mammal species estimated by the overlap of their suitable habitat is on average one-third less than that estimated by the overlap of their geographical ranges. The highest absolute difference is found in tropical and subtropical regions in South America, Africa and Southeast Asia that are not covered by dense forest. The proportion of suitable habitat within mammal geographical ranges correlates with the IUCN Red List category to which they have been assigned, decreasing monotonically from Least Concern to Endangered. These results demonstrate the importance of fine-resolution distribution data for the development of global conservation strategies for mammals.

scholarly journals Pleistocene Mammals from Pampean Region (Argentina). Biostratigraphic, Biogeographic, and Environmental Implications

Quaternary ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
José Luis Prado ◽  
María Teresa Alberdi ◽  
Jonathan Bellinzoni
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
South American ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
Pampean Region ◽  
Mammalian Faunas ◽  
Pleistocene Mammals ◽  
Fossil Records

The Pampean Region contains sedimentary sequences with abundant mammal fossil records, which constitute the chronological outline of the Plio–Pleistocene of South America. These classic localities have been used for more than a century to correlate with other South American regions. Throughout this time, a series of misinterpretations have appeared. To understand the stratigraphic significance of these localities and the geochronological situation of each unit referring to the Pleistocene, a critical historical study of the antecedents was carried out, evaluating the state of each unit. The biostratigraphic studies of the Pampean Region’s mammalian faunas improved the understanding of biogeographic changes taking into account the environmental fluctuations of the Pleistocene.

scholarly journals An Overview of Equine Influenza in South America

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 888
Author(s):  
Cecilia Olguin-Perglione ◽  
María Edith Barrandeguy
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
South American ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Equine Influenza Virus ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
Vaccine Manufacturer ◽  
Gene Level ◽  
Control Procedures

Equine influenza virus (EIV) is one of the most important respiratory pathogens of horses as outbreaks of the disease lead to significant economic losses worldwide. In this review, we summarize the information available on equine influenza (EI) in South America. In the region, the major events of EI occurred almost in the same period in the different countries, and the EIV isolated showed high genetic identity at the hemagglutinin gene level. It is highly likely that the continuous movement of horses, some of them subclinically infected, among South American countries, facilitated the spread of the virus. Although EI vaccination is mandatory for mobile or congregates equine populations in the region, EI outbreaks continuously threaten the equine industry. Vaccine breakdown could be related to the fact that many of the commercial vaccines available in the region contain out-of-date EIV strains, and some of them even lack reliable information about immunogenicity and efficacy. This review highlights the importance of disease surveillance and reinforces the need to harmonize quarantine and biosecurity protocols, and encourage vaccine manufacturer companies to carry out quality control procedures and update the EIV strains in their products.

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