High Merino weaner survival rates are a function of weaning weight and positive post-weaning growth rates

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hatcher ◽  
J. Eppleston ◽  
K. J. Thornberry ◽  
B. Watt
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
Economic Analyses

Survival and subsequent productivity of Merino ewe weaners (weaned in 2006 and 2007, respectively) on commercial properties in the New South Wales Central Tablelands were monitored through routine liveweight measurement until weaning of their own progeny from their maiden joining. Growth rates were calculated from the regular liveweight measurements with survival determined by the continuing presence of an individual animal at subsequent measurements. This study demonstrates that high weaner survival rates are a function of both weaning weight and post-weaning growth rates. Importantly, it indicates that low post-weaning growth rates can negate the survival benefit conferred by a high weaning weight such that weaners who were unable to sustain positive post-weaning growth rates were at high risk of death. Furthermore, classification of weaners into liveweight profile groups based on their weaning weight and post-weaning growth rates identified another group of weaners that are also at high risk of death. These weaners (14% of the mob) had above average weaning weights but low post-weaning growth rates and a mortality rate nearly 1.5 times that of the lightest cohort of weaners. High weaner survival rates about the 95% industry benchmark are possible if weaners show positive growth rates post weaning. Weaning weight continues to have a residual influence on the subsequent productivity of ewe weaners until they wean their first lambs. Maiden ewes that were heavier at weaning tend to have higher scanning percentages and are more likely to successfully rear their progeny to marking than their lighter weight counterparts. This finding should be taken into account when economic analyses of the benefits of alternative management strategies to promote weaner survival are undertaken.

Higher weaning weight improves postweaning growth and survival in young Merino sheep

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 966 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hatcher ◽  
J. Eppleston ◽  
R. P. Graham ◽  
J. McDonald ◽  
S. Schlunke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
New South ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Two monitoring projects were conducted to investigate weaner mortality in commercial Merino flocks in the Yass and the Central Tablelands Rural Lands Protection Boards located in the Southern Tablelands agricultural region of New South Wales. The projects were conducted in Yass in 2005 and in the Central Tablelands in 2006. A random sample of weaners from four flocks in the Yass board and 11 flocks in the Central Tablelands board were regularly weighed, growth rates were calculated after weaning and survival was determined by the continuing presence of an individual weaner at subsequent weighing activities. Weaning weight was the most important factor in determining postweaning liveweight, growth rates and survival with the significant impact of weaning weight on liveweight persisting for up to 6 months after weaning. Despite the lightest weaners being capable of considerable compensatory growth given sufficient postweaning nutrition, the lightest 25% of weaners were more than twice as likely to die as heavier weaners. A focus on ewe nutrition and parasite control during late pregnancy and lactation will allow Merino producers to achieve higher weaning weights that will set their weaners up for strong postweaning growth with a decreased likelihood of mortality.

Putting Merino weaner management recommendations to the test

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 974 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Hocking Edwards ◽  
R. M. Gould ◽  
K. J. Copping
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
Management Recommendations

Merino weaner survival is poor under normal traditional management practices. Data from four trials conducted between 2001 and 2005 were used to assess the effectiveness of current industry recommendations to achieve 95% survival rates of Merino weaners. There was very little difference between 2001 and 2003 in survival of Merino weaners despite average weaning weight ranging from 20 to 24 kg between years. The recommended target weaning weight of 23 kg does not always appear to be a good predictor of survival. However, a target of 45% mature liveweight at pasture senescence achieved the industry recommendation of 95% weaner survival. Merino weaners were fed over the summer–autumn period to reach 40 kg liveweight by the time green feed became available. Weaner survival reached 93% compared with 89% survival to hogget shearing in weaners managed under normal growth paths. Furthermore, twice as many ewe weaners died in the traditional feeding program compared with the well fed ewe weaners. Differences in mortality between feeding levels in the wether weaners was less than that observed in the ewe weaners. Flock average growth rates were not useful indicators of weaner survival and there was no relationship between Merino ram estimated breeding values for weaning weight and the survival of the progeny.

Using population dynamics modelling to evaluate potential success of restoration: a case study of a Hawaiian vine in a changing climate

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAMARA M. WONG ◽  
TAMARA TICKTIN
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Population Modelling ◽  
Population Growth Rates

SUMMARYDemographic comparisons between wild and restored populations of at-risk plant species can reveal key management strategies for effective conservation, but few such studies exist. This paper evaluates the potential restoration success ofAlyxia stellata, a Hawaiian vine. Stage-structured matrix projection models that compared long-term and transient dynamics of wild versus restoredA. stellatapopulations, and restored populations under different levels of canopy cover, were built from demographic data collected over a four year period. Stochastic models of wild populations projected stable or slightly declining long-term growth rates depending on frequency of dry years. Projected long-term population growth rates of restored populations were significantly higher in closed than open canopy conditions, but indicated population decline under both conditions. Life table response experiments illustrated that lower survival rates, especially of small adults and juveniles, contributed to diminished population growth rates in restored populations. Transient analyses for restored populations projected short-term decline occurring even faster than predicted by asymptotic dynamics. Restored populations will not be viable over the long term under conditions commonly found in restoration projects and interventions will likely be necessary. This study illustrates how the combination of long-term population modelling and transient analyses can be effective in providing relevant information for plant demographers and restoration practitioners to promote self-sustaining native populations, including under future climates.

Performance of crossbred progeny of Trangie Fertility Merino and Booroola Merino rams and Poll Dorset ewes. 1. Lamb birth weight, survival and growth

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Hall ◽  
NM Fogarty ◽  
AR Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
The Common ◽  
Lamb Survival

Merino rams of the Trangie Fertility and Booroola strains were joined to Poll Dorset ewes in single sire mating groups over 3 years. Forty sires produced a total of 1250 lambs in 885 litters from 451 ewes. Lamb birth weight averaged 4.1 kg, 80.8% of lambs survived to 3 days of age and growth rates to weaning (mean 93 days) averaged 289 g/day. Lambs with Trangie Fertility sires grew 15 g/day faster and were 1.3 kg heavier at weaning than those lambs with Booroola sires (P<0.001). There were no effects of sire strain on birth weight or lamb survival. Birth weight increased with dam liveweight in mid-pregnancy (P<0.001), and weaning weight and growth rate increased with dam liveweight at joining (P<0.001). Survival of lambs was predominantly a function of birth weight. Lambs weighing 4 kg at birth from primiparous dams had survival rates of 76% compared with 88% for lambs from multiparous dams (P<0.01). No lamb under 2.0 or over 6.3 kg survived, and 48% of deaths occurred within 1 day of birth. Dystocia, particularly of heavy, single-born lambs, caused 53% of observed lamb deaths. For the traits birth weight, lamb survival, weaning weight and growth rate, the direct heritabilities were 0.24 � 0.10, 0.05 � 0.05, 0.19 � 0.10 and 0.12 � 0.08 respectively; the corresponding maternal heritabilities were 0.08 � 0.05, 0.05 � 0.04, 0.05 � 0.05 and 0.07 � 0.05 respectively; and the common environmental effects among litter mates (c2) were 0.57 � 0.08, 0.47 � 0.08, 0.15 � 0.08 and 0.13 � 0.08 respectively.

Use of the University of California Los Angeles Integrated Staging System to Predict Survival in Renal Cell Carcinoma: An International Multicenter Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 3316-3322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Jacques Patard ◽  
Hyung L. Kim ◽  
John S. Lam ◽  
Frederick J. Dorey ◽  
Allan J. Pantuck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
International Multicenter Study ◽  
The University ◽  
Metastatic Rcc

Purpose To evaluate ability of the University of California Los Angeles Integrated Staging System (UISS) to stratify patients with localized and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) into risk groups in an international multicenter study. Patients and Methods 4,202 patients from eight international academic centers were classified according to the UISS, which combines TNM stage, Fuhrman grade, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status. Distribution of the UISS categories was assessed in the overall population and in each center. Results The UISS stratified both localized and metastatic RCC into three different risk groups (P < .001). For localized RCC, the 5-year survival rates were 92%, 67%, and 44% for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively. A trend toward a higher risk of death was observed in all centers for increasing UISS risk category. For metastatic RCC, the 3-year survival rates were 37%, 23%, and 12% for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively; in 6 of 8 centers, a trend toward a higher risk of death was observed for increasing UISS risk category. A greater variability in survival rates among centers was observed for high-risk patients. Conclusion This study defines the general applicability of the UISS for predicting survival in patients with RCC. The UISS is an accurate predictor of survival for patients with localized RCC applicable to external databases. Although the UISS may be useful for patients with metastatic RCC, it may be less accurate in this subset of patients due to the heterogeneity of patients and treatments.

Finding an optimal treatment regimen for endemic Burkitt's lymphoma in a limited resource setting: A historical comparison of an INCTR-03-06 protocol for children treated at a tertiary pediatric oncology unit in Tanzania.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e22507-e22507
Author(s):  
Shakilu Jumanne Kayungo
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Event Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Risk Of Death

e22507 Background: Adoption of intensive chemotherapy for endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) in low income settings such as the French LMB-protocol with survival rates over 90% is limited by unavailability of quality supportive care for treatment related toxicity. Late stage at diagnosis and comorbidities such as HIV, Malnutrition and other socioeconomic challenges complicate this quagmire. Review the nonclinical trial setting performance of a three-drug regimen previously reported by the INCTR-03-06 study among children treated for eBL from 2012 to 2017 at a National Hospital in Dar es Salaam Tanzania. Methods: Medical record review of children treated for eBL to document demographic, clinical, chemotherapy regimen and outcome was conducted followed by phone call structured interviews for current survival status. Overall survival (OS) and Event Free Survival (EFS) were determined by Kaplan-Meier method and survival differences compared using the Log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was used to relate variables with mortality. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 20 and p-value of < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 123 children enrolled, male to female ratio was 1.6:1, median age 7 years (IQR 4 -10). Abdominal disease was the commonest presentation, 39% (48/123) and 25.2% (31/123) jaw mass. On phone call interviews 39.84% (49/123) of the children were in remission, 33.33%(41/123) died while 26.83% (33/123) were lost to follow up. Complete tumor response was achieved in 55.9% (62/111) of children treated on 1st line chemotherapy. Overall Survival rates (OS) at 12 and 18 months were 63.4% and 54% respectively while Event-Free Survival (EFS) were 38.8% and 36.4% respectively. HIV infected children (aHR 5.12 95% CI 1.39- 19.0; log-rank P< 0.01). and those with advanced disease at diagnosis( aHR2.34 95% CI 1.09-5.05 P < 0.03) were at high risk of death. Conclusions: Contrary to prior understanding of eBL as a predominantly jaw disease, abdominal site is increasingly reported likely due to widespread use of sensitive imaging modalities. In line with other studies in low- and middle-income countries, few children with eBL achieve complete remission using low intensity chemotherapy regimens calling for more studies for safe and feasible regimens to be used as efforts to improve supportive care continue. HIV infected children with eBL and those with advanced disease at diagnosis should be considered at high risk of mortality.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA RATIO NETROFIL LIMFOSIT DENGAN KLASIFIKASI RISIKO PADA LEUKEMIA LIMFOBLASTIK AKUT

e-CliniC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunita Batara Paarrang ◽  
Max F. J. Mantik ◽  
Stefanus Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Risk Classification ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Prognostic Assessment ◽  
Standard Risk

Abstract: Leukemia is a primary malignant disease that has dangerous risk of death. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a cancer mostly diagnosed in children. Prognostic assessment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia depend on the type of the risk, which is classified into high risk or standard risk. Prognostic assessment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia can be determined by some criteria and one of them is by observing the total of leukocyte in laboratory test. Reduction of neutrophil and increased of limphocyte mostly in ALL. The purpose of this study understanding the relationship between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and the risk classification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The research is an analytical retrospective using survey method. The research samples are patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who were admited at pediatric department of RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado during the period of January 2010-October 2014. Resources were taken from the medical records of RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Result: From the 46 samples, there are 39 samples that suffered from ALL at the age of 1-10 years old and most of them are boys. Twenty four samples are classified as high risk and 22 are classified as standard risk. According to the bivariate analysis, value of p=0,432>0,05. Conclusion: There is no relationship between neutrophil to lympocyte ratio and the risk classification for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Keywords: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, high risk, standard risk, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratioAbstrak: Leukemia merupakan penyakit keganasan primer yang memiliki risiko berbahaya menyebabkan kematian. Leukemia limfoblastik akut (LLA) adalah penyakit keganasan yang paling sering didiagnosis pada anak-anak. Penilaian prognosis leukemia limfoblastik akut tergantung pada jenis risiko yang diderita, risiko tinggi atau risiko standar. Penilaian prognosis pada leukemia limfoblastik akut ditentukan oleh beberapa kriteria salah satunya melihat jumlah leukosit dari hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium. Penurunan jumlah netrofil dan peningkatan jumlah limfosit sering terjadi pada LLA. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan ratio netrofil limfosit dengan klasifikasi risiko pada leukemia limfoblastik akut. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan metode survei retrospektif terhadap pasien dengan penyakit leukemia limfoblastik akut di Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado selama periode Januari 2010-Oktober 2014. Sumber data didapatkan dari rekam medik di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Hasil: didapatkan dari 46 sampel terdapat 39 sampel yang menderita LLA pada usia 1-10 tahun, laki-laki lebih banyak menderita LLA, 24 sampel dengan kelompok risiko tinggi dan 22 sampel dengan kelompok risiko standar. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan nilai p=0,432>0,05. Simpulan: Tidak ada hubungan antara ratio netrofil limfosit dengan klasifikasi risiko pada leukemia limfoblastik akut.Kata kunci: Leukemia limfoblastik akut, risiko tinggi, risiko standar, ratio netrofil limfosit.

Managing the weaning transition of Merino lambs by promoting positive growth rates and increasing survival – is yard weaning a viable option?

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 516 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gabb ◽  
S. Hatcher ◽  
J. Eppleston ◽  
B. Watt ◽  
K. J. Thornberry
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
New South ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
Group Variable

The effectiveness of yard weaning to manage the weaning transition period for Merino sheep was investigated on three commercial properties in the New South Wales Central Tablelands. Three experiments were conducted, Experiment 1 investigated the duration of yard weaning, Experiment 2 compared two alternative rations provided to yard-weaned animals, while Experiment 3 compared yard weaning with paddock weaning. The ‘Control’ for each of the three experiments was each producers’ normal paddock-weaning strategy with comparisons based on post-weaning growth rates and weaner survival. Liveweights were recorded at weaning and at 15, 50 and 180 days post-weaning. Growth rates were calculated from liveweight measurements. Survival was determined by the continuing presence of an individual animal at subsequent measurements. Compared with the paddock-weaned Control group, variable responses in liveweight, growth rates and weaner survival to 50 and 180 days post-weaning occurred in the three experiments. Yard weaning was not superior to any of the producers’ normal paddock-weaning practices, however, favourable seasonal conditions in early 2010 prompted high growth rates in the paddock-weaned Control animals relative to those achieved by the yard-weaned animals. Further research is required to determine the optimum duration of confinement and ration (including composition and method of delivery). This work should include comparisons of the behaviour of paddock- and yard-weaned animals and model production benefits versus economic costs for a range of production systems and market scenarios.

TWILIGHT: A Randomized Trial of Ticagrelor Monotherapy Versus Ticagrelor Plus Aspirin Beginning at 3 Months in High-risk Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johny Nicolas ◽  
Usman Baber ◽  
Roxana Mehran
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
Risk Patients

A P2Y12 inhibitor-based monotherapy after a short period of dual antiplatelet therapy is emerging as a plausible strategy to decrease bleeding events in high-risk patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention. Ticagrelor With Aspirin or Alone in High-Risk Patients After Coronary Intervention (TWILIGHT), a randomized double-blind trial, tested this approach by dropping aspirin at 3 months and continuing with ticagrelor monotherapy for an additional 12 months. The study enrolled 9,006 patients, of whom 7,119 who tolerated 3 months of dual antiplatelet therapy were randomized after 3 months into two arms: ticagrelor plus placebo and ticagrelor plus aspirin. The primary endpoint of interest, Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 2, 3, or 5 bleeding, occurred less frequently in the experimental arm (HR 0.56; 95% CI [0.45–0.68]; p<0.001), whereas the secondary endpoint of ischemic events was similar between the two arms (HR 0.99; 95% CI [0.78–1.25]). Transition from dual antiplatelet therapy consisting of ticagrelor plus aspirin to ticagrelor-based monotherapy in high-risk patients at 3 months after percutaneous coronary intervention resulted in a lower risk of bleeding events without an increase in risk of death, MI, or stroke.

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