Sunlight exposure caused yellowing and increased mineral content in wool

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Fleet ◽  
K. R. Millington ◽  
A. L. King
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Sunlight Exposure ◽  
Aqueous Alcohol ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Copper Chelator ◽  
Chelating Compounds

This study determines how levels of various trace metals in wool and the colour of the fibre change as a result of sunlight exposure and treatment with chelating compounds during wool growth. Twenty-four yearling Merino sheep were clipped on the shoulders and rumps and fitted with sheep coats modified with transparent patches. Patches over the shoulder wool (one per sheep) were either polyethylene (PE) that transmits ultraviolet light or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) that excludes ultraviolet light. The rump wool on each sheep was treated either with a copper chelator treatment (kojic acid or methyl gentisate in aqueous alcohol) or aqueous alcohol only. For 12 of the sheep the rumps were exposed to sunlight through PE patches while rump wool on the other sheep was covered by the sheep coat. Wool was harvested after 11 weeks’ growth with yellowness (Y-Z) and individual mineral contents measured using the same clean wool sample. Sunlight exposure through PE patches caused a mean increase in Y-Z to 9.1 (shoulder) or 9.5–10.1 (rump) from a base level of 7.1–7.2 (shoulder) or 7.0–7.6 (rump) in wool protected by the sheep coat. In contrast, there was no significant change in Y-Z for the PVC patch (shoulder). Therefore, it appears that ultraviolet light damage caused the increased Y-Z. Most of the trace metals analysed increased in the shoulder wool exposed to sunlight but the paired differences for PVC were lower than PE. It appears that changes in fibre caused by sunlight exposure (especially ultraviolet light) facilitate adsorption of minerals from the environment, including the animal’s own suint. Application of the chelating compounds to the rump wool caused pronounced yellowing of the wool with Y-Z increase being most pronounced for kojic acid. Copper levels in the wool were reduced by kojic acid and methyl gentisate while calcium levels were increased by kojic acid and reduced by methyl gentisate. It is not clear from these findings whether minerals and copper in particular contribute to yellowing of wool. However, the different effects of sunlight and chelation on mineral contents in wool shown may well relate to alternative mechanisms of discoloration (i.e. photoyellowing versus bacterial).

scholarly journals Mineral content of different bottled water available in Bangladesh: Assessment of their compliance with current regulations

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arifur Rahman ◽  
Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Abdus Salam ◽  
Madhusudan Roy ◽  
Nargis Jahan Ara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
The University

Nine bottled water brands collected from retail shops and food shops beside the University of Dhaka were analyzed for their major and trace element constituents to ascertain their suitability for human consumption. The results obtained were compared with parametric values (PVs) set by European Community Council Directive 98/83/EC and the guideline values (GVs) recommended by WHO. It was found that the majority of the brands tested were low in mineral contents. Moreover, lower values of hardness, TDS and conductivity than the prescribed limits of WHO showed that water was deficient in essential minerals. Minerals like magnesium, potassium, calcium were present in some cases in such a low concentration that water seemed to be as good as distilled water. In case of heavy metals, only lead and cadmium were found to be below the detection limit (0.001 mg/L) which indicates bottled water brands are better for drinking. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v38i1.15316 J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 38(1): 7-15, June 2012

Drinking Desalinated Water that Lack Calcium and Magnesium Has No Effect on Mineral Content of Enamel and Dentin in Primary Teeth

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Avia Fux Noy ◽  
Uri Zilberman ◽  
Noa Regev ◽  
Moti Moskovitz
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Desalinated Water ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Scanning Electron

Objective: The present study compared the mineral contents of enamel and dentin of primary teeth from children exposed to desalinated water with those from children drinking ground water. Study design: The study comprised of two groups of teeth, seven primary teeth from children living in areas supplied exclusively with desalinated water and seven primary teeth from children that have been exposed solely to ground water from in-utero until the teeth were either extracted or naturally shed. Mineral content of three tooth regions was determined by scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The main ion content of each region was calculated. Results: Children exposed to ground water presented higher levels of magnesium in pre- and post- natal enamel than children living in areas supplied exclusively with desalinated water but without significant differences. The same was found for calcium levels. Excluding post-natal enamel calcium level (of borderline statistical significance), no significant differences were found in magnesium and calcium levels of primary teeth enamel and dentin of children exposed to desalinated water in comparison to children exposed to ground water. Conclusion: Mineral content of enamel and dentin in primary teeth is not affected by consuming desalinated water.

Genetic improvement of two cultivars of Vicia faba L. using gamma irradiation and ethyl methanesulphonate mutagenesis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahnawaz Khursheed ◽  
Samiullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Ethyl Methanesulphonate ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Mutant Lines

The present experiment was conducted to induce genetic variation using gamma irradiation and ethyl methanesulphonate mutagenesis and isolate and analyze the desirable mutant lines of Vicia faba L. var. Vikrant and PRT-12 in the M3 generation. The seeds of the mutant lines isolated from 3rd generation plants were analyzed for different parameters including total protein content, protein profiles and mineral content using Lowry method, Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and atomic absorption spectrophotometer, respectively. SDS-PAGE profile of mutants from variety Vikrant showed more polymorphism and expression of proteins than mutants isolated from variety PRT-12. Mutant seeds showed significantly higher protein content (0.18 to 1.29%) and mineral content (0.21 to 2.98 mg.g-1) compared to the controls. The mutants selected from variety Vikrant showed more increase in protein and mineral contents than the mutants selected from PRT-12. The selected mutant lines may serve as a valuable genetic material to breed for the improvement of protein and mineral contents in faba bean and other valuable crop plants.

scholarly journals Proximate and Mineral Nutrition of Common Bean Genotypes as Influenced by Harvesting Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Onkgolotse G. Moatshe-Mashiqa ◽  
Patrick K. Mashiqa ◽  
Odireleng O. Molosiwa
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Proximate And Mineral Composition

Common bean is the most consumed legume by humans and hence significant for global food security and nutritive value mainly iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of harvesting time and genotypes on proximate and mineral composition of common bean. Two field experiments were carried out in Sebele (24o33′S, 25o54′E, 994 m above sea level) horticultural fields during summer 2018/2019. Treatments included two common bean genotypes DAB 564 (white) or 520 (red) and three harvesting stages as the early, mid and late season harvest. In both seasons, genotype and harvesting time significantly (P < 0.05) influenced proximate, macro and micro mineral composition of common bean seeds. Generally genotypes studied had a sufficient amount of proximate and mineral content with crude protein, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content as the most abundant minerals at a range between 20-22%, 33-101 mg g-1 and 41-45 mg g-1, respectively across harvesting times. Genotype DAB 564 (white coloured) significantly (P < 0.05) produced seeds with the highest concentration of proximate and mineral contents especially zinc (45 mg g-1) and iron (70 mg g-1) content irrespective of season. Harvesting common bean seed early or mid-stage produced high seed concentration of proximate, micro and macro mineral content across genotype or season.

scholarly journals Assessment of Proximate, Phytochemical and Selected Mineral Content of Acanthus montanus Leaf

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Nwachukwu, Augusta Añuli ◽  
Ogbulie, Toochukwu Ekwutosi ◽  
Nwachukwu, Chibuike Udodi ◽  
Evans-Kemka, Catherine Ijeoma ◽  
Onyekachi, Vivian Chisom
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Plant Sample ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Acanthus montanus (Nees) T. Anders belongs to the family Acanthaceae and is one of the most threatened and underutilized species of vegetables in Africa. However the leaves of this plant are part of a consortium infusion (agabada nkwu) given to post-natal mothers within and around Mbaise in Imo State, South Eastern Nigeria, to ensure health and vitality of both nursing mother and child. The proximate, phytochemical and selected mineral contents of the Acanthus montanus leaf were investigated to ascertain the various components. The fresh plant sample was obtained from Ife, Ezinihitte Mbaise Local Government Area of Imo state, Nigeria. The sample was air-dried at room temperature for 72 hours prior to the various analyses, which were done using standard methods. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed 1.60 % flavonoids, 6.67 % tannins, 5.60  % alkaloids, 6.45 % saponins, 0.26 % phytate, 5.41% oxalate, 0.49 % phenol and 0.019 % Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN). The percentage proximate evaluation for moisture content, carbohydrate, protein, fibre, ash content and fat were: 11.85, 37.86, 17.72, 16.70, 10.56 and 5.31 respectively, while the percentage quantities of selected minerals; iron, magnesium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, manganese, zinc and copper were: 0.014, 0.569, 3.152, 0.909, 0.089, 0.202, 0.009, 0.010 and 0.001 respectively. Acanthus montanus is reported for its nutritional and medicinal values throughout Africa. The result of this work suggests further exploitation of the parts of Acanthus montanus to unveil more of its potential uses for the treatment of diseases.

scholarly journals Effect of cultivar and year of harvest on the mineral composition of Algerian extra-virgin olive oils

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. e0901
Author(s):  
Karima Benamirouche-Harbi ◽  
Sonia Keciri ◽  
Zohir Sebai ◽  
Hicham Benamirouche ◽  
Lilya Boudriche
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Technical Institute ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Virgin Olive Oils ◽  
Olive Oils

Aim of study: To evaluate the effect of cultivar and year of harvest on the content of mineral elements of Algerian extra virgin olive oils.Area of study: Technical Institute of Arboriculture of Fruits and Vine (TIAFV), Bejaia, Algeria.Material and methods: The mineral contents of extra virgin olive oils from ten cultivars during two consecutive campaigns 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry and absorption in a graphite furnace after microwave-assisted acid digestion. Principal component analysis was applied to correlate the mineral content with cultivar type and year of harvest.Main results: Mean concentrations for Fe, Zn, Cu, Na, K, Mg, As and Co in samples were observed in the range of 1.640-13.213, 1.546-32.866, 1.375-3.337, 19.666-104.720, 4.573-117.133, 0.120-2.560, 0.006-0.146 and 0.002-0.051 μg g-1, respectively. The first three principal components retained 76.25% of the variance. The determinants of the effect of cultivar type and year of harvest were Fe and Na; Mg, Co and As, respectively.Research highlights: The study showed that mineral composition of the olive oils was mainly determined by the cultivar and the year of harvest.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical properties and mineral content of selected tropical fruits in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ara ◽  
S Jahan ◽  
ATM Abdullah ◽  
ANM Fakhruddin ◽  
BK Saha
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Tropical Fruits ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Physico Chemical

Physico-chemical properties and mineral contents of tropical fruits available at local market in Dhaka city were evaluated as fruits are the essential part of human diet to supply required micronutrient. Among the analyzed fruits, maximum and minimum amount of moisture was found in java apple (93.26±1.77%) and indian plum (66.86±1.81%) respectively. Mango contains highest amount of total soluble solids (15.20±0.81%) and total sugar (4.71±0.08%). Highest and lowest amount of vitamin C was found in guava (212.82±6.92 mg/100g) and java apple (10±1.77 mg/100g) respectively. Approximate energy value was found highest in indian plum (128.1±5.51kcal/100g) and lowest in green palmyra palm (27.7±2.64 kcal/100g). Indian plum (139.32±9.53mg/100g) and mango (34.03±6.81mg/100g) contain highest and lowest amount of sodium whereas rose apple (75.15±0.02mg/100g) and mango (10.23±1.94mg/100g) contain highest and lowest amount of potassium respectively. Heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb and Hg) were not detected in analyzed tropical fruits. This study suggests that the tropical fruits are enriched in micronutrients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i3.22126 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 49(3), 131-136, 2014

scholarly journals Pulp yield and mineral content of commercial hybrids of yellow passion fruits

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiva Domenech Tupinambá ◽  
Ana Maria Costa ◽  
Kelly de Oliveira Cohen ◽  
Norma Santos Paes ◽  
Fábio Gelape Faleiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Food Composition Tables

Physical analyses and an analysis of the mineral content were carried out by peroxide-perchloric wet-digestion, taking readings using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and measurements using an analytical balance and digital paquimeter, of three commercial hybrids of Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg.: BRS Sol do Cerrado, BRS Ouro Vermelho and BRS Gigante Amarelo, cultivated and harvested from the experimental area of Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF, Brazil, in October/2007. Eighteen fruits were evaluated for each hybrid, and presented weights and dimensions superior to those found in the scientific literature, without significant differences between the hybrids. Sol do Cerrado showed less weight loss post storage when compared to the other hybrids, but no significant differences were found with respect to the other physical parameters studied. The mineral contents found in the hybrids were higher than the values found in the scientific literature and in the Brazilian food composition tables (TACO) elaborated by NEPA-UNICAMP. The Sol do Cerrado had a higher iron content than the other hybrids. The hybrids are excellent sources of minerals, especially in comparison with the frozen pulp sold in supermarkets.

Effects of dietary deficiencies of energy, protein and calcium on the pregnant ewe. II. Body composition and mineral content of the lamb

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sykes ◽  
A. C. Field
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Semitendinosus Muscle ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pregnant Ewe

SUMMARYThe effects of low protein and low Ca intakes during pregnancy on lamb composition and mineral contents have been investigated. Twenty-eight 6½-year-old Blackface ewes were used in a 2 × 2 experiment in which semi-purified diets containing 11·8 and 6·0% crude protein and 1·2 and 0·11 % Ca in the dry matter were offered to maintain constant levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and ketone bodies in the plasma, comparable to those found in hill sheep in winter. A further group, control, were fed a conventional diet containing adequate crude protein and Ca to maintain NEFA and ketone body levels typical of well-nourished sheep. The lambs were killed at birth and whole body fat, moisture, nitrogen, Ca, P, Mg, Na and K contents determined. Further data was obtained on the brain, liver and semitendinosus muscle.Within the context of the experiment the most important factor in determining the mineral content of the lambs was the protein intake of the ewe, mainly due to its effect on lamb body weight. The mean Ca content of lambs from the control ewes was 47·8 g. By comparison that of lambs from the high and low protein groups was reduced by 4·9 and 12·9 g respectively.Calcium intakes as low as 27 mg/kg ewe body weight/day had no significant effect on lamb birth weight or mineral composition.The mean concentrations (g/kg) of minerals in the fat-free bodies of the lambs ranged from 12·1 to 14·6 for Ca, 6·6 to 7·4 for P, 0·49 to 006 for Mg and from 1·9 to 1·6 for K in the control and double deficiency groups respectively. It was concluded that these changes in lamb composition could be interpreted according to classical studies on the influence of undernutrition on the relative growth and development of animal tissues.The livers of the lambs, although significantly reduced in weight by the protein deficiency showed no evidence of being relatively more severely affected than muscle tissue.

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