Reproductive Ecology of The Allied Rock-wallaby, Petrogale assimilis.

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
R. Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Ecology ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Embryonic Diapause ◽  
Minimum Age

Petrogale assimilis has a typical life history and reproductive ecology for a macropodid of its size. Both sexes are capable of reproducing continuously; gestation is about the same length as the oestrous cycle (approximately one month); a single young is born and, a post-partum oestrus and embryonic diapause probably occurs. The sex ratio of young is unbiased. Pouch young remain permanently attached to the teat until 110 - 143 days (n=11). Permanent exit from the pouch occurs at 180 - 231 days (mean=201 days, n=25), and weaning occurs between 267 - 387 days (n=5). Sexual maturity occurs at a minimum age of 17.5 months in females and 23 months in males.

Akodon molinae (Rodentia Cricetidae), a new laboratory animal: breeding, management and reproductive performance

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Susana Merani ◽  
Marta Susana Lizarralde
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Breeding Management ◽  
Laboratory Colony

Akodon molinae, a vole mouse widely distributed in central Argentina, shows remarkable chromosome polymorphisms. It is one of the natural reservoirs of the actiologic agent of haemorrhagic fever, and a laboratory colony could be of great help in investigating this disease. Pregnancy lasted 23 (range 21-25) days. Litters of 4-5 young were born to monogamous breeding pairs about every 30 days, with weaning at 26 days post partum. The sex ratio at birth was 505 males to 500 females: at weaning it was 460 to 440. Sexual maturity was attained at about 16 weeks of age in males and 12-20 weeks in females. Akodon molinae is easy to handle, but fighting and killing or neglect of young are problems.

Breeding Biology of the Agile Wallaby, Macropus agilis (Gould) (Marsupialia : Macropodidae), in Captivity

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Main Cell ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Mean

Female agile wallabies in captivity reached sexual maturity at about 12 months old and males produced mature spermatozoa by 14 months. Breeding was continuous throughout the year and birth and oestrus were recorded in every month. The mean length of the oestrous cycle was 32.4 days, and the mean gestation period 29.4 days. Females exhibited post-partum oestrus, usually mating within 1 day of birth. Sixty-four young born in captivity comprised 24 males, 30 females and 10 of unknown sex. If a pouch young were removed or lost, the quiescent blastocyst resumed its development, to birth about 26.5 days later. Failure or absence of the blastocyst was followed by an oestrus at about the time of the corresponding post-partum oestrus. Both the oestrous cycle and the interval between removal of a pouch young and oestrus were significantly longer than when a pregnancy intervened. The oestrous cycle was characterized by changes in the proportions of the main cell types in the vaginal smear, and by changes in the appearance of the urogenital opening and the pouch and teats. The approach of oestrus could not be predicted from vaginal smears but the post-oestrous condition was always recognizable even without mating. Young animals first left the pouch for short periods between the ages of 176 and 211 days, and left permanently between 207 and 237 days. Animals of known age were measured and the development of various morphological characters noted at weekly intervals from about birth until 12 months old.

Reproduction in the parma wallaby, Macropus parma, Waterhouse

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Maynes
Keyword(s):  
Small Proportion ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Pattern ◽  
Embryonic Diapause ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Small Holding

Female M. parma in captivity reach sexual maturity at 11 1/2-16 months of age. Scrota1 size indicates that sexual maturity is attained in males at about 22 months. One male had spermatozoa at 19-20 months and another had a first fertile mating at 24-25 months. Mating behaviour is described and resembles that of other small macropodids. M. parma is monovular and polyoestrous. The oestrous cycle has a mean length of 4197810.72 days (n = 58; range 36-59 days) while the gestation period is 34.54*0.13 days (n = 28; range 33-36 days). Post-partum oestrus and mating occurred from 4 to 13 days after birth in a small proportion (16.7%) of those animals examined. However, most animals had an oestrus, while carrying a pouch young, between 45 and 105 days after birth. A few animals did not come into oestrus at all while carrying a pouch young. Removal of pouch young typically resulted in return to oestrus between 6 and 15 days later, in females that had not had a post-partum oestrus or an oestrus while carrying a pouch young. Females which mated at some stage during lactation prior to removal of pouch young gave birth 31.16 days later (n = 3; range 30.5-32.0 days). Three females at the Melbourne Zoo had estimated delayed gestation periods of 31, 31, and 32 days. The earliest observation of a young with its head out of the pouch was at 146 days of pouch life. Most young had left the pouch for short intervals by 175 days with the youngest observed out at 160 days. Young permanently leave the pouch at 211.9+-1.0 days (n = 10; range 207-218 days). Permanent exchange of pouch young has been observed in two cases, both at approximately the time young were first leaving the pouch for short intervals. Some females that mated while carrying a young in the pouch gave birth 6-11 days after permanent pouch exit of the primary young. Unmated females returned to oestrus 12-24 days after permanent pouch exit of their young. Young were weaned at 2 5 3 ) months after pouch exit. Most females entered anoestrus in 1968 following transfer of the animals into small holding pens. In 1969 only 5 of 24 matings resulted in young in the pouch, while in 1970 the corresponding figure was 21 of 44 matings. In both years there was evidence of young being born but apparently being lost during the climb from the urogenital opening to the pouch, probably because of overcrowding of the mothers. Evolution of embryonic diapause is discussed in relation to the reproductive pattern established for M. pavma. It is postulated that embryonic diapause first arose at the end of pouch life and has come to occupy the entire length of pouch life in most macropodids.

Reproduction of the whiptail wallaby, Macropus parryi Bennett (Marsupialia : Macropodidae), in captivity with age estimation of the pouch-young

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Mean

Reproduction of the whiptail wallaby, Macropus parryi, was studied in captivity. The mean length of the oestrous cycle was 41.8 days while the mean length of the gestation period was 38.0 days. M. parryi bred throughout the year and post-partum oestrus was not recorded although mating did occur during the pouch life when the pouch-young was 118–168 days of age. The length of the pouch-life was 256–267 days and weaning occurred 104–215 days after emergence from the pouch. Sexual maturity for females occurred at 509–647 days of age. An age-determination table was produced and found useful for predicting age of pouch-young using body measurements.

Reproduction in Captive Wallaroos - the Eastern Wallaroo, Macropus-Robustus-Robustus, the Euro, Macropus-Robustus-Erubescens and the Antilopine Wallaroo, Macropus-Antilopinus

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
WE Poole ◽  
JC Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Reproductive Patterns ◽  
In Captivity

Wallaroos were bred in captivity during almost 20 years. Individual males attained sexual maturity at between 18 and 20 months old and females at between 14 and 24 months old; both sexes were capable of breeding throughout the year. Gestation was 30-38 d and extended almost the full length of the oestrous cycle, 31-46 d. Post-partum mating usually produced a blastocyst subject to lactational quiescence. Removal or loss of a pouch young usually resulted in birth 28-32 d later but up to 41 d later in the presence of an actively suckled young-at-foot. Pouch life ranged between 231 and 270 d, with vacation of the pouch usually followed by another birth 1-14 d later. Lactation exceeded 12-14 months but suckling had waned by 15-17 months. Reproductive patterns for M. r. robustus and M. r. erubescens were similar although significant differences between the subspecies were recorded in length of oestrous cycle, the interval from loss of pouch young to birth and post-partum oestrus, the length of pouch life and the time between vacation of the pouch and birth. In addition, the reproductive activity of hybrids produced by matings between the subspecies was observed, as was that of a limited number of M. antilopinus.

Reproduction of Pseudomys novaehollandiae (Muridae) in the laboratory

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Kemper
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Lactating Females

Oestrous cycle, gestation, parturition, litter size, lactation and sexual maturity were studied in a captive colony of the Australian murid P. novaehollandiae. The pattern of reproduction is similar to that of other murids, although oestrous cycle (6.0 � 1.26 days) and gestation period (31.5 � 0.96 days) are longer than those in the laboratory rat and mouse. Changes in the external appearance of the vagina were too inconsistent to identify stages of the oestrous cycle, but were of use in determining the stage of pregnancy or lactation. Parturition took place during the light phase of the day-length regime, with post-partum oestrus during the following dark phase. Weight changes in pregnant and lactating females were considered. The average litter size was 4.0 � 1.03 with a range of one to six. Oestrus was inhibited during lactation and recurred about 24 days after parturition. Sexual maturity was earlier in females (13 weeks) than in males (20 weeks).

Reproduction, Growth and Age Determinatipon in the Yellow Footed Rock Wallaby Petrogale xanthopus Gray, in Captivity

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
WE Poole ◽  
JC Merchant ◽  
SM Carpenter ◽  
JH Calaby
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Similar Growth

Yellow-footed rock-wallabies were studied in captivity over 13 years. Individuals of both sexes attained sexual maturity from age 18 months and were capable of breeding throughout the year. The ranges recorded were: for length of oestrous cycle 32-37 days; gestation 31-33 days; pouch life 190-201 days. Parturition was usually followed by an oestrus and mating with a consequent lactation-controlled embryonic quiescence. The mean interval from removal of pouch young to birth was 31.5 days, and to oestrus without an intervening birth, 34 days. Weight of the neonate within the 1st day was <500 mg; the sex ratio of 62 young of known sex revealed a significant departure from parity with 41 boys and 21 girls (100:51). Growth curves were fitted for length of head, ear, arm, leg, foot, tail and weight. These measurements provided a useful means of determining age within the 1st year and to a lesser extent the 2nd year, length of head being the best criterion. Both sexes maintained similar growth rates when within the pouch, but males grew larger once they vacated it. Patterns of molar eruption and molar progression provided a useful means of determining age in older animals but, on the data available, accuracy was restricted to the year and possibly no more than the season of birth.

scholarly journals Reproductive ecology of the invasive whelk Rapana venosa Valenciennes, 1846, in the southeastern Black Sea (Gastropoda: Muricidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1865-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hacer Sağlam ◽  
Ertuğ Düzgüneş ◽  
Hamdi Öğüt
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Reproductive Ecology ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
Rapana Venosa

Abstract Sağlam, H., Düzgüneş, E., and Öğüt, H. 2009. Reproductive ecology of the invasive whelk Rapana venosa Valenciennes, 1846, in the southeastern Black Sea (Gastropoda: Muricidae). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1865–1867. The reproductive ecology of the invasive whelk Rapana venosa Valenciennes, 1846 (Gastropoda: Muricidae) was examined in Surmene, southeastern Black Sea, Turkey, using monthly samples of individuals collected by dredging from November 1999 to October 2000. The observed sex ratio (F:M) was 1:1.6; mean shell length at sexual maturity was 40 mm. Changes in the ovary and testis indices indicated that spawning mainly occurred between June and early August in the southeastern Black Sea.

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