Gunpowder-powered captive bolts for the euthanasia of kangaroo pouch young

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan O. Hampton
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Vehicle Collisions

Euthanasia of macropod pouch young becomes necessary in situations when the mother has died as a result of situations such as: culling programs, vehicle collisions, bushfires, dog attacks, and entrapment in fences. Euthanasia methods currently recommended for older (furred) pouch young are contentious, hence the need to develop a more reliable method of euthanasia. To investigate animal welfare outcomes resulting from the use of a gunpowder-powered captive bolt, an independent veterinarian observed euthanasia of 28 furred kangaroo pouch young. Pouch removal duration was zero for all animals as the captive bolt was applied in situ in the pouch. Immediate insensibility was observed for 27 (96%) of the pouch young, exceeding the commonly used animal welfare standard of 95%. Results indicate that a gunpowder-powered captive bolt can produce favourable animal welfare outcomes for euthanasing kangaroo pouch young by delivering more than 40 times the kinetic energy delivered by previously studied captive bolt units applied to pouch young. When compared with other euthanasia methods for kangaroo pouch young, the use of a gunpowder-powered captive bolt delivers favourable animal welfare outcomes.

scholarly journals Turbulence and hypoxia contribute to dense biological scattering layers in a Patagonian fjord system

Ocean Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1185-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Pérez-Santos ◽  
Leonardo Castro ◽  
Lauren Ross ◽  
Edwin Niklitschek ◽  
Nicolás Mayorga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Turbulent Kinetic Energy ◽  
Tidal Flow ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Eddy Diffusivity ◽  
Diel Vertical Migrations

Abstract. The aggregation of plankton species along fjords can be linked to physical properties and processes such as stratification, turbulence and oxygen concentration. The goal of this study is to determine how water column properties and turbulent mixing affect the horizontal and vertical distributions of macrozooplankton along the only northern Patagonian fjord known to date, where hypoxic conditions occur in the water column. Acoustic Doppler current profiler moorings, scientific echo-sounder transects and in situ plankton abundance measurements were used to study macrozooplankton assemblages and migration patterns along Puyuhuapi Fjord and Jacaf Channel in Chilean Patagonia. The dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy was quantified through vertical microstructure profiles collected throughout time in areas with high macrozooplankton concentrations. The acoustic records and in situ macrozooplankton data revealed diel vertical migrations (DVM) of siphonophores, chaetognaths and euphausiids. In particular, a dense biological backscattering layer was observed along Puyuhuapi Fjord between the surface and the top of the hypoxic boundary layer (∼100 m), which limited the vertical distribution of most macrozooplankton and their DVM, generating a significant reduction of habitat. Aggregations of macrozooplankton and fishes were most abundant around a submarine sill in Jacaf Channel. In this location macrozooplankton were distributed throughout the water column (0 to ∼200 m), with no evidence of a hypoxic boundary due to the intense mixing near the sill. In particular, turbulence measurements taken near the sill indicated high dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy (ε∼10-5 W kg−1) and vertical diapycnal eddy diffusivity (Kρ∼10-3 m2 s−1). The elevated vertical mixing ensures that the water column is well oxygenated (3–6 mL L−1, 60 %–80 % saturation), creating a suitable environment for macrozooplankton and fish aggregations. Turbulence induced by tidal flow over the sill apparently enhances the interchange of nutrients and oxygen concentrations with the surface layer, creating a productive environment for many marine species, where the prey–predator relationship might be favored.

Retracted Article: Dynamic Adsorption Self-assembly of Au nanocube (NC) for opposite charge Au nanoparticles (NPs) in real time

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Li ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Jin-Song Hu
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
Dynamic Adsorption ◽  
Opposite Charge ◽  
Retracted Article ◽  
Liquid Cell ◽  
Trimer Formation

Using in situ liquid cell TEM imaging, the dynamic process of dimer and trimer formation were captured. The kinetic energy of NPs and the NC- Electrostatic Shielding Length (NC-ESL) are...

Integrating animal welfare into wild herbivore management: lessons from the Australian Feral Camel Management Project

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan O. Hampton ◽  
Bidda Jones ◽  
Andrew L. Perry ◽  
Corissa J. Miller ◽  
Quentin Hart
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
The Public ◽  
Audit System ◽  
Management Project ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
High Standards

The Australian Feral Camel Management Project (AFCMP) was initiated in 2009 to manage the growing impacts of feral camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Australia. One of the most important considerations for the project was achieving high standards of animal welfare and demonstrating this to stakeholders and the public. The novelty of feral camels as an invasive species meant that relatively little was known about the animal welfare aspects of the available management techniques. To address this knowledge gap, quantitative animal-based assessment tools were developed to allow independent observers to perform repeatable in situ field auditing of the two main control methods used: aerial (helicopter) shooting and live capture (mustering and transport for slaughter). Although observation protocols allowed most stages of aerial shooting (in situ killing) to be assessed, not all stages of live capture operations could be assessed (namely transport and slaughter at ex situ abattoirs) due to the limitations of the jurisdiction of the Australian Feral Camel Management Project. For assessments that were performed, audit results were made available to project partners to allow procedures to be reviewed and published through peer-reviewed literature to improve transparency. Empirical evidence produced through the audit system was also used to refine humaneness ranking assessments comparing management methods. We present the lessons learnt through the animal welfare approach of the AFCMP to assist future wild herbivore management programs.

scholarly journals Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization Is a Reliable Method for DetectingHER2Gene Status in Breast Cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Gong ◽  
William Sweet ◽  
Yi-Jing Duh ◽  
Larry Greenfield ◽  
Yuan Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization

scholarly journals Rock Metamorphosis by Kinetic Energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Bednarik
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Geological Past ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Composition Determination ◽  
Show Evidence

The objective of this work was to test the hypothesis that weathering-resistant surface layers found in intensively hammered petroglyphs at many sites worldwide and on other heavily battered metamorphosed rocks are the result of kinetic energy-induced tribological reactions. The methods of material testing included extensive fieldwork and in-situ studies at an Indian site that had been subjected to fluvial battery in the distant geological past; the removal of numerous surface and subsurface samples; and their analysis by several laboratory methods. These included binocular light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thin sectioning and elemental composition determination of crucial sites. It was confirmed that samples show evidence of crystallization by ductility of formerly amorphous silica cement in quartzite, yielding a tectonite of fully crystalline quartz. This finding confirms that the surficial application of very high levels of kinetic energy to certain rock types that are susceptible to metamorphosis can yield exceptionally weathering-resistant surface layers. This phenomenon has not been described before. Although it was first observed in rock art it is now thought to occur much more widely in numerous geological contexts, such as at fault mirrors, in the form of what has been regarded as glacial polish and on ventifacts.

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