scholarly journals Roads and macropods: interactions and implications

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy R. F. Bond ◽  
Darryl N. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
The Road ◽  
Crossing Structures ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Road Mitigation ◽  
Road Crossing

Understanding the impacts of roads on wildlife and the natural environment is of increasing importance. Macropods (mostly kangaroos and wallabies) are a diverse and widespread taxon in Australia that has been significantly affected by the presence of roads in various ways. We reviewed the available literature on macropods and roads, assessing 60 scientific journal articles, reports and theses. Studies on road mortalities were the most prevalent (n = 29, with 12 on macropods only), revealing both spatial and temporal patterns in occurrence. Behavioural studies in relation to the road environment are limited (n = 2) yet could help our understanding of patterns of road-kill and other impacts. Some macropod populations are critically affected by the presence of roads (e.g. brush-tailed rock-wallaby, Petrogale penicillata) due to either proportionately high road mortalities and/or population fragmentation, and may face continued decline unless effective road-mitigation measures are implemented. Investigations of various types of road mitigation focussed on wildlife-exclusion fencing and road crossing structures as the most effective option, although the high cost of these measures appears to limit their implementation. Further research into several areas was identified, particularly on species where severe road impacts are likely to result in population declines.

Individuals matter: predicting koala road crossing behaviour in south-east Queensland

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Dexter ◽  
R. G. Appleby ◽  
J. Scott ◽  
J. P. Edgar ◽  
D. N. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
The Road ◽  
Crossing Structures ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Road Mitigation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Road Crossing

The ability to predict the frequency with which koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) cross roads is an important step in developing mitigation strategies aimed at maintaining metapopulation viability for this species. In south-east Queensland, Australia, rapid urban development, including fragmentation and vehicle-related mortality, has contributed to a dramatic decline in local koala populations. Assessment of wildlife crossing structures that mitigates the impact of roads demonstrates these to be beneficial for many species. However, building enough structures to enable animals to move freely across impacted landscapes may be prohibitive in complex urban landscapes. The focus for this study was to consider the role of differing characteristics for species at risk. We examined the frequency of road crossings by individual koalas among six subpopulations in south-east Queensland. We explored the influence of potential predictor variables including: age, sex, and distance from roads. We established that road crossings were limited to a subset of individuals, with only 18 of 51 (~35%) koalas studied ever crossing a road. We found that koalas were disproportionately more likely to cross a road if they had initially been found within a distance of 100 m of that road. Males were more likely to cross roads than females, as were koalas aged less than five years. We suggest that successful wildlife road mitigation can be improved by better understanding the road-crossing behaviour of species such as the koala.

scholarly journals Mitigating the effects of a road on amphibian migrations: a Scottish case study of road tunnels

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.D.C. Hill ◽  
C.A. Rossi ◽  
S.O. Petrovan ◽  
M. Hartup ◽  
F. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Bufo Bufo ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
The Road ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Road Tunnels

The ever-growing pace of road construction worldwide has become a serious concern for wildlife and natural habitats, resulting in habitat fragmentation and increasing wildlife road fatalities. For amphibians, which are undergoing population declines worldwide, mitigation measures such as road under-passages linked to amphibian-proof fencing may be an effective conservation tool, aiming to reconnect natural habitats and reduce wildlife fatalities. This study assessed the efficacy of road tunnels in a recently developed area by Frankfield Loch, Stepps, North Lanarkshire. Three amphibian tunnels, plus fencing, were put in place during 2010 following the construction of a road in 2006 which separated the loch from a substantial area of marshland, including ponds. In 2015 and 2016, we used custom-made time-lapse cameras within the tunnels to automatically monitor amphibian movements and conducted frog spawn surveys. Numbers of common frogs (Rana temporaria), common toads (Bufo bufo) and newts (Lissotriton spp.) using the tunnels were substantial in both years, though the number of toads decreased significantly between years. We found many frog spawn clumps in the marsh ponds, but rather fewer in the loch. A period of road repair in 2015 was linked with both road mortalities and a change in the pattern of tunnel usage. Additionally, amphibians showed a daily cycle of activity, with nocturnal movements most common. These results indicate important connectivity and usage of both the marsh and the loch, and suggest that this can be effectively sustained through the proper maintenance of tunnels and fencing, which also minimises road mortalities. It remains unknown, however, what proportion of the population crosses the road via the tunnels and how that compares with movements prior to road construction.

scholarly journals Wildlife Crossings at Felda Aring - Tasik Kenyir Road, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabilah Zainol ◽  
Taherah Mohd. Taher ◽  
Siti Nurfaeiza Abd. Razak ◽  
Nur Afiqah Izzati Noh ◽  
Nurul Adyla Muhammad Nazir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Capture Rate ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Large Mammal ◽  
The Road ◽  
Crossing Structures ◽  
Prionailurus Bengalensis ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Road Crossing

The Felda Aring - Tasik Kenyir Road was identified as one of the most threatening roads to wildlife in Malaysia. The present study was conducted to assess the road crossing activities involving the medium- to large-mammal species due to the problem stated. The objectives of this study were to (1) predict the suitability of the road and its surroundings as the roaming areas for the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus, n = 104) and Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus, n = 66), (2) identify the mammalian species inhabiting the forest beside the road, (3) compare the forest’s common species [photographic capture rate index (PCRI) > 10/ detection probability (P) ≥ 0.05] with the ones utilising the road crossing structures; the viaducts and the bridges, and (4) determine the most impacted species from traffic collisions. The road and its surroundings were classified as moderately suitable to the elephant and tapir (suitability values = 0.4 - 0.8). A total of 16 mammal species were recorded at the forest edges, in which the wild pig (Sus scrofa) (PCRI = 118.96, P = 0.3719 ± 0.027), barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak) (PCRI = 68.89, P = 0.2219 ± 0.0232), sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) (PCRI = 11.13, P = 0.0507 ± 0.0159), tapir (PCRI = 11.13, P = 0.0469 ± 0.0118), elephant (PCRI = 10.7, P = 0.0787 ± 0.0195) and Malayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyura) (PCRI = 10.7, P = 0.103 ± 0.0252) were the common species utilising the crossing structures. In contrast, the Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) and leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) were the most frequently hit species on the road [F(7,398) = 28.53, p < 0.0005]. The present study found that large-mammal species were utilising the crossing structures at a higher frequency, whereas more medium-mammal species were involved in traffic collisions.

scholarly journals Do turtle warning signs reduce roadkill?

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-220
Author(s):  
David C. Seburn ◽  
Hannah McCurdy-Adams
Keyword(s):  
Warning Signs ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
The Road ◽  
Crossing Structures ◽  
Road Mitigation ◽  
Eastern Ontario ◽  
On The Road

Roadkill is a serious threat for many species of freshwater turtles. One of the most common road mitigation tools is wildlife warning signs to alert drivers. These warning signs have commonly been used for large mammals, although there is little evidence that they are effective in reducing roadkill. We tested the effectiveness of turtle warning signs at four known roadkill hotspots along a provincial highway in eastern Ontario and compared the results with four control sites on a nearby major road in a before-after-control-impact (BACI) study. We found 30 dead turtles in the four hotspots in 2017 before the signs were installed and 27 in 2018 after the signs were installed. The number of turtles killed on the road after the signs were installed did not change significantly (χ21 = 1.1, P > 0.2). Although turtle warning signs may alert some drivers, they should not be considered a replacement for more effective road mitigation tools, such as wildlife fencing and crossing structures.

Factors affecting the permeability of road mitigation measures to the movement of small mammals

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-384
Author(s):  
Adam T. Ford ◽  
Anthony P. Clevenger
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Highway Maintenance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Banff National Park ◽  
Crossing Structures ◽  
Road Mitigation ◽  
Large Animals

Mitigation measures, such as wildlife-exclusion fencing and crossing structures (overpasses, underpasses, culverts), have been widely demonstrated to reduce the negative effects of roads on medium-sized and large animals. It is unclear how these mitigation measures influence the movement of small mammals (<5 kg). Our study has three objectives: (1) to test whether culverts improve highway permeability; (2) to determine factors associated with culvert use, such as culvert obstruction by snow; (3) to evaluate factors contributing towards fence permeability, such as the presence of a culvert, snow depth, and fence mesh size. We used snow tracking to assess the movement for four small-mammal taxa along the Trans-Canada Highway corridor in Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada. We found that the presence of a culvert within 100 m of transects significantly improved fence and highway permeability. Obstruction of the culvert entrance by snow was negatively correlated with the probability of use, and therefore, of highway permeability. Furthermore, the mesh size of the fencing did not affect fence or highway permeability. We recommend that culvert entrances be located on the outside of fenced right-of-ways to reduce obstruction by highway maintenance activities such as snowplowing.

scholarly journals Promises of meat and milk alternatives: an integrative literature review on emergent research themes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Lonkila ◽  
Minna Kaljonen
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
Social Scientific

AbstractIncreasing concerns for climate change call for radical changes in food systems. There is a need to pay more attention to the entangled changes in technological development, food production, as well as consumption and consumer demand. Consumer and market interest in alternative meat and milk products—such as plant based milk, plant protein products and cultured meat and milk—is increasing. At the same time, statistics do not show a decrease in meat consumption. Yet alternatives have been suggested to have great transitional potential, appealing to different consumer segments, diets, and identities. We review 123 social scientific journal articles on cell-based and plant-based meat and milk alternatives to understand how the positioning of alternatives as both same and different in relation to animal-based products influences their role within the protein transition. We position the existing literature into three themes: (1) promissory narratives and tensions on markets, (2) consumer preferences, attitudes, and behavioral change policies, (3) and the politics and ethics of the alternatives. Based on our analysis of the literature, we suggest that more research is needed to understand the broader ethical impacts of the re-imagination of the food system inherent in meat and milk alternatives. There is also a need to direct more attention to the impacts of meat and milk alternatives to the practices of agricultural practices and food production at the farm-level. A closer examination of these research gaps can contribute to a better understanding of the transformative potential of alternatives on a systemic level.

scholarly journals Contradictions in the promotion of publishing academic and scientific journal articles, and the inability to cope with the new coronavirus (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rostam Jalali ◽  
Amin Hosseinian-Far ◽  
Masoud Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Nih Roadmap

Abstract Background Translating research into practice is a central priority within the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Roadmap. The underlying aim of the NIH Roadmap is to accelerate the movement of scientific findings into practical health care provisions through translational research. Main text Despite the advances in health sciences, emerging infectious diseases have become more frequent in recent decades. Furthermore, emerging and reemerging pathogens have led to several global public health challenges. A question, and to an extent a concern, arises from this: Why our health care system is experiencing several challenges in encountering the coronavirus outbreak, despite the ever-growing advances in sciences, and the exponential rise in the number of published articles in the first quartile journals and even the ones among the top 1%? Conclusion Two responses could be potentially provided to the above question: First, there seems to be a significant gap between our theoretical knowledge and practice. And second that many scholars and scientists publish papers only to have a longer list of publications, and therefore publishing is viewed as a personal objective, rather than for improving communities’ public health.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODEL ON BIOLOGY COMPETENCE: LITERATURE STUDY ABOUT NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Wilny Chintya ◽  
Azwir Anhar ◽  
Ganda Hijrah Selaras ◽  
Lufri Lufri
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Learning Competence

The Numbered Head Together (NHT) learning model is one type of cooperative learning model designed to influence the interaction patterns of students. The Numbered Head Together (NHT) cooperative learning model can encourage students to increase cooperation in learning both cooperation between students and between teachers and students will be able to increase tolerance and self-confidence. The purpose of this study was to obtain a description of the effect of using the Numbered Head Together (NHT) learning model on the biology learning competence of students This type of research is ex post facto research. The data used is secondary data, namely data sourced from scientific journal articles accredited by Sinta which were selected as samples the data collection technique in this study was carried out by taking selected journal articles as samples and related to the effect of implementing the Numbered Head Together (NHT) learning model. The data analysis technique uses the steps, namely, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions and verification the results showed that there was an increase in the learning competence of students using the Numbered Head Together (NHT) learning model. The NHT learning model makes students readiness in learning because they have discussed the material to be studied in advance. Students become more active and dominate during the learning process so that the teacher only acts as a facilitator and motivator.

Application of a combined and automated monitoring and early warning system for debris flows at the Dawinbach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Schöffl ◽  
Richard Koschuch ◽  
Philipp Jocham ◽  
Johannes Hübl
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Pulse Compression ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Event ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pulse Compression Radar ◽  
Monitoring And Early Warning

&lt;p&gt;After a heavy rainfall event on August 31&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt;, 2019, a debris flow at the Dawinbach in the municipality of Strengen (Tyrol, Austria) caused a blockage of the culvert below the provincial road B-316 and deposition in the residential area. The debris deposition raised up to 2 to 3 meters on the road and led to property damage to real estate. The total volume of the debris flow was approximately 15&amp;#160;000 cubic meters.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In order to control a further debris flow of this magnitude, the Austrian Service of Torrent and Avalanche Control started to construct mitigation measures. They include a channel relocation in order to significantly increase the channel crosssection. Hence the construction company STRABAG is also relocating the provincial road bridge.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Since the risk for this road section and for the workers on site is particularly high during the construction period, a combined monitoring and early warning concept was developed and implemented by the BOKU, Vienna and the company IBTP Koschuch.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The monitoring site consisting of a pulse compression radar and a pull rope system was installed 800m upstream from the fan. The combination of the two sensors now results in three major advantages.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;At sensor level, the system operates redundantly.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;A more reliable differentiation between increased discharge or debris flow is given.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;In the event of a false alarm, the system provides easier diagnosis and assignment of the fault.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Two events of increased runoff occurred during the deployment period. Both were successfully detected by the pulse compression radar. Here, the first event was used for threshold validation of the radar unit. Thus, an alarm could already be sent out automatically for the second one. The road is controlled by an integrated light signal system consisting of three traffic lights. A siren near the construction site can warn workers of an impending event by means of an acoustic signal. The reaction time after the alarm has been triggered is between 75 and 150 seconds, depending on the speed of the debris flow. The responsible authorities are informed by sending an SMS chain, which includes details about the type of process and the type of the activated triggering system.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals PENERBITAN JURNAL ILMIAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-220
Author(s):  
B. P. Sitepu
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Academic Communities ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Research Findings

Scientific journal is one of the periodical publications intended to widely disseminate research findings useful for research and academic communities. Articles published in the journal tend to be highly technical, representing the latest theoretical research and experimental results in the field of science, technolgy, or arts covered by the journal. Articles in the journal can be used as references and inspire researchers and scholars to do further researh. The quantity and quality of journals in a country can indicate the quality of the human resource and development of science, technology, and arts in the country. Based on the available data, the quantity and the quality of journal in Indonesia are still unsatisfactory. This article discusses some problems in managing journal and provides a number of recommendation which are useful for those publishing a journal.

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