scholarly journals Non-invasive genetic sampling of faecal material and hair from the grey-headed flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus)

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather J. Baldwin ◽  
Stephen J. Hoggard ◽  
Stephanie T. Snoyman ◽  
Adam J. Stow ◽  
Culum Brown
Keyword(s):  
Non Invasive ◽  
Amplification Success ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Genetic Sampling ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Dna Sampling ◽  
Pteropus Poliocephalus ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Flying Fox

Remote-sampling DNA from animals offers obvious benefits for species that are difficult to sample directly and is less disruptive for species of conservation concern. Here we report the results of a pilot study investigating non-invasive DNA sampling of the grey-headed flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus), a threatened species that is restricted to the east coast of Australia. We successfully extracted DNA from fresh scats and hair, each of which was of sufficient quality for amplifying mitochondrial DNA markers and microsatellites. A single-locus multitube approach was used to investigate amplification success and genotyping reliability. Faecal samples yielded a higher proportion of successful amplifications and consensus genotype assignments than hair samples. We outline measures that may be utilised to minimise microsatellite genotyping error for future studies. These indirect approaches to obtaining genetic data show much promise given the difficult nature of directly sampling flying-foxes and related species.

scholarly journals Genetic Structure and Gene Flow in Eastern Grey Kangaroos in an Isolated Conservation Reserve

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Miriam A. Zemanova ◽  
Daniel Ramp
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Conservation Property ◽  
Genetic Sampling ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Genetic Assessment

Dispersal is a key process for population persistence, particularly in fragmented landscapes. Connectivity between habitat fragments can be easily estimated by quantifying gene flow among subpopulations. However, the focus in ecological research has been on endangered species, typically excluding species that are not of current conservation concern. Consequently, our current understanding of the behaviour and persistence of many species is incomplete. A case in point is the eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus), an Australian herbivore that is subjected to considerable harvesting and population control efforts. In this study, we used non-invasive genetic sampling of eastern grey kangaroos within and outside of the Mourachan Conservation Property to assess functional connectivity. In total, we genotyped 232 samples collected from 17 locations at 20 microsatellite loci. The clustering algorithm indicated the presence of two clusters, with some overlap between the groups within and outside of the reserve. This genetic assessment should be repeated in 10–15 years to observe changes in population structure and gene flow over time, monitoring the potential impact of the planned exclusion fencing around the reserve.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal distribution of Yunnan snub-nosed monkey, Rhinopithecus bieti, indices

Mammalia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Rong Fu ◽  
Li Li ◽  
ZhongHua Yu ◽  
Eve Afonso ◽  
Patrick Giraudoux
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Elusive Species ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Group Distribution

Abstract Studying elusive species of conservation concern might be difficult for technical and ethical reasons. However, censuses can be based on the observation of activity indices. When coupled to non-invasive genetic methods this approach can provide extremely precise information about population size, individual movements and diseases. However, the design of optimal sampling is dependent on a knowledge on group distribution and possible variations of detectability of index targets. The aim of this study was to document the distribution of Yunnan snub-nosed monkey indices in space and time in that perspective. Based on transects carried out across the range of a fed population and on counts along the trail across the range of a wild group, we show that 2–3 day stays of a group in a place of some hectares were sufficient to get an homogeneous distribution of indices. Furthermore, the number of indices found were dependent on both pig presence and season. On the other hand, on a large scale of 100 km2 indices were spatially distributed as nested clusters. Indices distribution indicated a strong preference towards southern slopes and altitudes ranging between 2900 and 3400 m. Those observations pinpoint the importance of considering spatial scale to organise sampling designed to estimate population distribution.

scholarly journals Estimating red deer (Cervus elaphus) population size based on non-invasive genetic sampling

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Ebert ◽  
Julian Sandrini ◽  
Bettina Welter ◽  
Bernhard Thiele ◽  
Ulf Hohmann
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Density Estimation ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Urn Model ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
Genetic Sampling ◽  
Conservation Concern

AbstractSome deer species are of conservation concern; others are officially managed as a food source or for their trophies, whereas in many regions, deer are regarded as overabundant or even as a nuisance causing damages. Regardless of local management issues, in most cases, reliable data on deer population sizes and sex ratios are lacking. Non-invasive genetic approaches are promising tools for the estimation of population size and structure. We developed and tested a non-invasive genetic approach for red deer (Cervus elaphus) population size and density estimation based on faeces collected from three free-ranging red deer populations in south-western Germany. Altogether, we genotyped 2762 faecal samples, representing 1431 different individuals. We estimated population density for both sexes separately using two different approaches: spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) approach and a single-session urn model (CAPWIRE). The estimated densities of both approaches were similar for all three study areas, ranging between total densities of 3.3 (2.5–4.4) and 8.5 (6.4–11.3) red deer/km2. The estimated sex ratios differed significantly between the studied populations (ranging between 1:1.1 and 1:1.7), resulting in considerable consequences for management. In further research, the issues of population closure and approximation of the effectively sampled area for density estimation should be addressed. The presented approach can serve as a valuable tool for the management of deer populations, and to our knowledge, it represents the only sex-specific approach for estimation of red deer population size and density.

scholarly journals Dietary partitioning in newly sympatric urban flying-foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus and Pteropus alecto)

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Phoebe Griffith ◽  
Kerryn Parry-Jones ◽  
Andrew A. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
New South ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Food Competition ◽  
Flying Foxes ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Pteropus Poliocephalus ◽  
Competition For Food ◽  
Flying Fox

The black flying-fox (Pteropus alecto) is extending its range southward and is now sympatric with the grey-headed flying-fox (P. poliocephalus) in New South Wales. Competition for food between the two species has been suggested to be a contributor to declines of the vulnerable grey-headed flying-fox. During winter 2016 the diet of both species was investigated over one night at four sites of sympatry, by microscopic analysis of faecal samples. Resource partitioning between the two species was found, with the black flying-fox either preferentially choosing to eat more fruit than the grey-headed flying-fox or being an inferior competitor for pollen and nectar. These results, though limited, do not support the hypothesis that the black flying-fox threatens the grey-headed flying-fox through food competition.

Examining disease prevalence for species of conservation concern using non-invasive spatial capture-recapture techniques

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur B. Muneza ◽  
Daniel W. Linden ◽  
Robert A. Montgomery ◽  
Amy J. Dickman ◽  
Gary J. Roloff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Conservation Concern

scholarly journals Monitoring jaguar populationsPanthera oncawith non-invasive genetics: a pilot study in Brazilian ecosystems

Oryx ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Roques ◽  
M. Furtado ◽  
A. T. A. Jácomo ◽  
L. Silveira ◽  
R. Sollmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Genetic Sampling ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Global Population

AbstractThe global population of jaguarsPanthera oncahas decreased significantly since the beginning of the 20th century. Given the scarcity of demographic and biological information, estimating population parameters is critical for the design of conservation measures. The jaguar's elusive behaviour makes it impossible to estimate and monitor populations by direct observation. We propose a non-invasive genetic sampling approach and demonstrate its potential for large-scale monitoring. Sex identification was optimized for faecal samples of jaguars and other felids. We also optimized a set of 11 microsatellite markers for reliable identification of individuals. We estimated the effectiveness of faecal sample genotyping in two distinct Brazilian biomes: the Pantanal and the semi-arid Caatinga. Almost 90% of the samples that were molecularly identified as jaguar (n = 90) were successfully genotyped and were assigned to 30 individuals. Genetic diversity was generally high but was significantly lower in the Caatinga population. We show that non-invasive genetic sampling can be a reliable tool to study population parameters and to monitor the genetic status of jaguar populations in different habitats. It may also be useful for future surveys of jaguars that address ecological, behavioural and conservation issues, and could provide a baseline for non-invasive genetic studies of other wild felid populations.

Climatic Variables Differentially Influence Neotropical Plant Species of Conservation Concern

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Pablo Antúnez ◽  
Christian Wehenkel ◽  
Collins Byobona Kukunda ◽  
José Ciro Hernández-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Conservation Concern

Using impact assessment study designs for addressing impacts to species of conservation concern

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike E. Marshall ◽  
Ashley M. Long ◽  
Shannon L. Farrell ◽  
Heather A. Mathewson ◽  
Michael L. Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Impact Assessment Study ◽  
Assessment Study ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Study Designs

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Molecular Survey of Sarcoptic Mange in Wildlife: Diagnostic Performance in Wolf Faecal Samples Evaluated by Multi-Event Capture–Recapture Models

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Julieta Rousseau ◽  
Mónia Nakamura ◽  
Helena Rio-Maior ◽  
Francisco Álvares ◽  
Rémi Choquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Diagnostic Specificity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Event Capture

Sarcoptic mange is globally enzootic, and non-invasive methods with high diagnostic specificity for its surveillance in wildlife are lacking. We describe the molecular detection of Sarcoptes scabiei in non-invasively collected faecal samples, targeting the 16S rDNA gene. We applied this method to 843 Iberian wolf Canis lupus signatus faecal samples collected in north-western Portugal (2006–2018). We further integrated this with serological data (61 samples from wolf and 20 from red fox Vulpes vulpes, 1997–2019) in multi-event capture–recapture models. The mean predicted prevalence by the molecular analysis of wolf faecal samples from 2006–2018 was 7.2% (CI95 5.0–9.4%; range: 2.6–11.7%), highest in 2009. The mean predicted seroprevalence in wolves was 24.5% (CI95 18.5–30.6%; range: 13.0–55.0%), peaking in 2006–2009. Multi-event capture–recapture models estimated 100% diagnostic specificity and moderate diagnostic sensitivity (30.0%, CI95 14.0–53.0%) for the molecular method. Mange-infected individually identified wolves showed a tendency for higher mortality versus uninfected wolves (ΔMortality 0.150, CI95 −0.165–0.458). Long-term serology data highlights the endemicity of sarcoptic mange in wild canids but uncovers multi-year epidemics. This study developed and evaluated a novel method for surveying sarcoptic mange in wildlife populations by the molecular detection of S. scabiei in faecal samples, which stands out for its high specificity and non-invasive character.

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