morphometric variation associated with teat-number differences in Antechinus agilis and A. swainsonii ? Observations from the Otway Ranges, Victoria

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Beckman ◽  
A. Lill
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Teat Number ◽  
Antechinus Agilis ◽  
External Body

That there is intraspecific variation in teat-number in Antechinus agilis (agile antechinus) and A. swainsonii (dusky antechinus) has been known for a long time. Our aim was to determine whether other key morphometric traits differed among individuals with different numbers of teats. External body dimensions and pelage characteristics were measured on live individuals and compared. Within-species variation in some external body dimensions (tail, pes, and snout-vent length) coincided with teat-number differentiation in both antechinus species in the Otway Ranges, Victoria. Disparities in pelage colour and markings were apparent between A. agilis 6- and 10-teat phenotypes, but were not obvious among A. swainsonii teat phenotypes. Although small sample sizes obviated statistical analysis, we tentatively concluded that female A. agilis with 7, 8, or 9 teats in the Otway Ranges probably displayed morphometric and pelage characteristics intermediate between those of 6- and 10-teat individuals. A comparison of morphometric traits among 6-teat A. agilis from different geographic areas (Otways, Portland and Wilsons Promontory) also revealed some variation. This result was consistent with an expectation of clinal variation in external morphology among antechinus. Overall, this study indicates that localized disparities that are associated with teat-number, as well as clinal differences occurring over large geographic distances, contribute to intraspecific variation in external morphology in antechinus.

scholarly journals Comparative Immature Morphology of Brazilian Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae:Solenopsis)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Gonçalves Paterson Fox ◽  
Daniel Russ Solis ◽  
Mônica Lanzoni Rossi ◽  
Jacques Hubert Charles Delabie ◽  
Rodrigo Fernando de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Solenopsis Invicta ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Fire Ants ◽  
Fire Ant ◽  
Solenopsis Geminata ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Genus Level

Although common in Brazil, the biology of the fire antSolenopsis saevissima(Smith) is still poorly studied. Larval descriptions are useful to genus-level ant systematics and sometimes to species-level taxonomy. This study presents a detailed description of juveniles ofS. saevissimafrom Brazil, which were compared with Brazilian specimens ofSolenopsis invictaBuren,Solenopsis geminata(Fabricius), andSolenopsis altipunctataPitts. Different larval instars were separated by diagnostic morphological traits which were confirmed by observing moults. Reproductive larvae could be easily sorted by their distinctive body dimensions and shape. Contrary to previous reports on this species, the larvae ofS. saevissimaproved to be generally identical to those ofS. invicta, while a few specimens resembled those of other close species, such asSolenopsis megergatesTrager. Mature larvae thus presented considerable intraspecific variation in some characters recently proposed to aid fire ant species separation (morphology of head hairs).

scholarly journals Coming of age: morphometric variation in the hand skeletons of juvenile and adult Lesser Treeshrews (Scandentia: Tupaiidae: Tupaia minor Günther, 1876)

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 1151-1164
Author(s):  
Neal Woodman ◽  
Ananth Miller-Murthy ◽  
Link E Olson ◽  
Eric J Sargis
Keyword(s):  
General Rule ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Small Island ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Epiphyseal Fusion ◽  
Age Variation ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

Abstract Morphometric analyses of the manus skeleton have proven useful in understanding species limits and morphological divergence among tupaiid treeshrews (Scandentia: Tupaiidae). Specimens in these studies are typically limited to mature individuals with fully erupted permanent dentition, which eliminates potentially confounding variation attributable to age, but also can exclude rare taxa and small island populations that are poorly represented in systematic collections. To determine the real limits associated with including immature animals in such studies, we used multivariate analyses to study sexual and age variation of the manus skeleton in two allopatric populations of the Lesser Treeshrew (Tupaia minor Günther, 1876) from the Malay Peninsula and from Borneo that we treated as separate samples. Individuals were aged using dental eruption of the permanent dentition. We also recorded the degree of epiphyseal fusion of the bones of the manus based on x-rays of study skins. We then tested our ability to distinguish the two populations using a series of discriminant function analyses of hand measurements from samples that included varying proportions of immature individuals and adults. We found no evidence of sexual dimorphism in hand proportions, permitting us to combine females and males in our samples. Epiphyseal fusion of the metacarpals and phalanges typically occurs by the time the third molars have completely erupted, and fusion of the distal epiphyses of the radius and ulna typically occurs by the time the permanent fourth premolars are in place. There is occasional asynchrony between dental age and epiphyseal fusion. In both populations, the hands of most infants and subadults provide morphometric values within the range of variation of adults, although they are typically distributed in the lower part of the adult range and have the potential to bias the sample toward lower mean size. The inclusion of infants and subadults when attempting to discriminate between two taxa generally results in lower rates of correct classifications, although the rates increase as the sample of immature individuals is limited to older subadults. As a general rule, we recommend that specimens of infants and subadults continue to be excluded from analyses when exploring taxonomic boundaries among treeshrews. In cases of extremely small sample sizes of adults, however, older subadults—in which the permanent third premolars are erupting or in place—can be used with appropriate caution.

Phellinocis, a new genus of Neotropical Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1034 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTIANO LOPES-ANDRADE ◽  
JOHN F. LAWRENCE
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Outer Edge ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Diagnostic Characters

Phellinocis gen. n. is described based on three species: P. romualdoi sp. n. (type species) from Brazil, P. erwini sp. n. from Panama and P. thayerae sp. n. from Costa Rica and Panama. Diagnostic characters of the genus include the oblong, highly convex, subglabrous body, strongly declined, convex to slightly concave and often fluted elytral apices, 8or 9-segmented antennae, short and concave prosternum, laminate prosternal process, and protibia with simple outer edge and two stout teeth at apex. Phellinocis romualdoi has two features not found in any other described species of Ciidae: intraspecific variation in antennal segmentation and presence of a setal patch on the first ventrite of the female. Comparisons are made with a number of other ciid genera, and the genus is placed in the tribe Ciini. A key to species of Phellinocis is provided, together with descriptions of external morphology of adults, and morphology of male genitalia.

Morphometric variation and taxonomic status of brush-tailed phascogales, Phascogale tapoatafa (Meyer, 1793) (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Rhind ◽  
J. S. Bradley ◽  
N. K. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Large Size ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Teat Number ◽  
Significant Size

This study details morphometric variation among the marsupial brush-tailed phascogale, Phascogale tapoatafa. The validity of phascogales from south-western and south-eastern Australia being classified as the single subspecies P. t. tapoatafa was questioned because of the substantial isolation of the south-west population; the northern Australian subspecies P. t. pirata was included in the inquiry. Discriminant function analysis performed on 18 skull characteristics (n = 50 skulls) produced separation between P. t. pirata, south-western P. t. tapoatafa, and south-eastern P. t. tapoatafa. Separation was also achieved between female phascogales from Victoria and those from New South Wales and southern Queensland, but not between the males of these two populations. Univariate tests identified significant size differences between the groups. Field data gathered on wild P. t. tapoatafa illustrate large size differences between phascogales of Victoria and south-western Australia. Phascogales from south-western Australia also exhibit a polymorphism in teat number (6, 7 or 8 teats; n = 72) that is not observed in other phascogales. This isolated population may represent a distinct taxon.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Sumberdaya Kambing Lokal Khas Kejobong di Kabupaten Purbalingga Propinsi Jawa-Tengah

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Akhmad Sodiq
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Global Data ◽  
External Body

Characterization of local goat of kejobong at local government of purbalingga, central javaABSTRACT. The purposes of this study were to identify the quantitative morphogenitical characteristics (external body dimensions) and qualitative characteristics (coat-colour), the population size, its distribution and diversity of morphogenitical characteristics, the population status in term of conservation, and to find out the model of conservation. The target of this study were goat-husbandry of local goat at Kejobong (13 villages) Local Government of Purbalingga, Central Java, Purbalingga Regency. Livestock On-Farm Trials (LOFT) by simple random sampling was implemented in this study. Sample sizes were determinate by Nomogram Harry King, and were involved of 931 head of local goat of Kejobong. Descriptive (qualitative and quantitative) analyses, variance analyses by General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SPSS, analysis of the population status according to the Global Data Bank for Farm Animal Genetic Resources for Domestic Animal Diversity of FAO were applied.This study revealed that: (1) based on the size of external body dimensions, the Kejobong local goat appears the termediate between Kacang and Peranakan Etawah goats; (2) ) Based on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics, the Kejobong local goat assumed as a crossbreed-goat resulted from crossing between Kacang and Peranakan Etawah breeds. Dominant black and total black coat colour were predominants 74.45 and 56.49 percent among their population, respectively; (3) The Kejobong local goats were founded in all regions (13 villages) with the total populations about 15.317 heads. There was highly diversity in term of the characteristic of external body dimensions. This finding force to conduct the in-breed selection in order to improve their productivity; (4) Based on the Global Data Bank for Farm Animal Genetic Resources, the population status of local goat at Kecamatan Subdistric (15.317 heads) and the total population of black coat (8.623 heads) were classified into Not at Risk category. Board of Agriculture National Research Council (1993) classify that the population status into rare if the size of population ranges from 5.000 until 10.000 heads, it is imply that the total population of black coat goat (8.623 heads) include in rare category; (5) The policy of livestock conservation consists of the in-situ and ex-situ methods. In the level of implementation of the sustainability conservation, there were some aspects could be take into account such as agreement between government (political will and coordination), community (group farmer, empowering capital and marketing), and universities. 

Rediscovery and redescription of the type of Philodryas laticeps Werner, 1900 and the taxonomic status of P. oligolepis Gomes, 1921 (Serpentes, Colubridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1940 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUSSAM ZAHER ◽  
GUSTAVO SCROCCHI ◽  
ROBERTA MASIERO
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Floor Of The Mouth ◽  
The World

Philodryas laticeps Werner, 1900 was previously known only from the holotype, which was believed to be lost during the World Wars. We found the holotype to be housed in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin and here redescribe it and report on three additional specimens from the collections of the Instituto Butantan, São Paulo and Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. We conclude that Philodryas oligolepis Gomes, 1921 and P. affinis Müller, 1928 are junior synonyms of Philodryas laticeps Werner, 1900. All specimens share the presence of a black mucosa surrounding the larynx and trachea in the floor of the mouth and distal rows of middle sized spines disposed in a typical “V-shaped” configuration on the asulcate surface of the hemipenial body, two uniquely derived features absent in all other species of the genus Philodryas. Intraspecific variation of external morphology, hemipenes, and coloration are documented.

scholarly journals Evaluating intraspecific variation and interspecific diversity: comparing humans and fish species

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradly Alicea
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Electric Fish ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Molecular Variance ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Interspecific Diversity

The idea of what constitutes an animal species has been a topic of longstanding interest in the biological sciences. Therefore, the analysis of eight molecular datasets involving human and teleost examples along with morphological samples from several groups of Neotropical electric fish (Order: Gymnotiformes) were used in this thesis to test the dynamics of both intraspecific variation and interspecific diversity. Three questions concerning both intraspecific and interspecific subdivision were addressed in this thesis. Meaningful intraspecific divisions were assessed by testing whether or not modern human variation can be subdivided into geographically distinct groups as was shown among two fish species. This was further tested by observing trends in a worldwide distribution of three craniometric traits within Homo sapiens. In terms of investigating molecular interspecific diversity among humans, two experimental exercises were performed. A cladistic exchange experiment tested for the extent of discontinuity and interbreeding between H. sapiens and neanderthal populations. As part of the same question, another experimental exercise tested the amount of molecular variance resulting from simulations which treated neanderthals as being either a local population of modern humans or as a distinct subspecies. Finally, comparisons of hominid populations over time with fish species helped to define what constitutes taxonomically relevant differences between morphological populations as expressed among both trait size ranges and through growth patterns that begin during ontogeny. Compared to the subdivision found within selected teleost species, H. sapiens molecular data exhibited little variation and discontinuity between geographical regions. This conclusion was based on the results of phylogenetic analyses and molecular variance measures. Results of the two experimental exercises concluded that neanderthals exhibit taxonomic distance from modern H. sapiens. However, this distance was not so great as to exclude the possibility of interbreeding between the two subspecific groups. Finally, a series of characters were analyzed among species of Neotropical electric fish. These analyses were compared with hominid examples to determine what constituted taxonomically relevant differences between populations as expressed among specific morphometric traits that develop during the juvenile phase. Such examples were ultimately useful for purposes of objectively defining subdivisions among populations of H. sapiens.

scholarly journals Identification of morphometric variation of Aegel marmelos (L.) Correa correlated with habitat types in Western Terai

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-017
Author(s):  
Bimal Bahadur Kunwar
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Grouping Pattern ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Disc Level ◽  
East West

Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa locally called “Bael” is an economically important plant mainly harvested and traded for medicinal as well as religious purposes. Most of the collection of the plant is from forest. Due to habitat change, deforestation and over harvesting, it is feared that such important plant and its precious genetic diversity may be lost from the nature. Responding to these challenges a major initiative has been launched in the Western Terai Landscape Complex of Nepal to identify morphometric variability in A. marmelos. Morphometric characters variation of this species in Western Terai Landscape Complex was statically and numerically evaluated. Sixteen populations were analysed, using 27 morphological characters of leaves and fruit, collected during 2007/2008 naturally. Most of the morphological characters were not significant with the east-west longitudinal gradient except few were, probably because of small gradient. The variation in the A. marmelos is clearly verified by uni- and multivariate statistics. Highest variation was observed in the (DL) Disc Level (CV= 6.08) from different morphometric characters and later that in PL and B. These DL, PL and B were determining characters of morphometric variation. Similarly, principal component and cluster analysis through forming dendrogram of morphometric traits indicated different grouping pattern of populations. The populations that are nearer to each other are not cluster together. At different sites of sampling analysis of variance in the morphometric traits revealed remarkable variation among population.

scholarly journals Redescription of the Rio skate Rioraja agassizii (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae) with notes on internal anatomy and intraspecific variation

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla D. A. Soares ◽  
Renan A. Moreira ◽  
Ulisses L. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Southwestern Atlantic ◽  
Internal Anatomy ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cranial Measurements ◽  
Inshore Waters ◽  
Pelvic Fin

Abstract Rioraja agassizii belongs to the monotypic genus Rioraja and differs from the other Riorajini species of the genus Atlantoraja by the shape of anterior nasal flap, squamation, clasper skeleton, body measurements and color pattern. Although R. agassizii is a well-known species, commonly captured in inshore waters of the southwestern Atlantic, its external morphology and internal anatomy have never been fully described and little is known on intraspecific variation within the species. Juvenile and adult, male and female specimens were examined, measured and dissected. Herein, we redescribe the species and present detailed descriptions and illustrations of external morphology, neurocranium, jaws, hyoid and gill arches, and pelvic fin and girdle. Additionally, notes on sexual dimorphism and ontogenetic differences in coloration, body and cranial measurements, and dermal denticles are provided.

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