Long-acting contraceptives: a new tool to manage overabundant kangaroo populations in nature reserves and urban areas..

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
HC Adderton
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Contraceptive Agents ◽  
Delivery Technique ◽  
Long Acting

When kangaroo populations reach high numbers in reserves and parkland near urban areas there are a number of implications. The animals may pose a risk to their own welfare as the population expands, have a negative effect on other aspects of the local biodiversity or impinge on human activities. In such cases active management of the population may be sought to ameliorate the negative effects. Traditional control techniques such as culling are often out of the question in these circumstances due to social pressures and concerns for human safety. In this paper I review three fertility control techniques that are potential management tools for these situations. Surgical sterilisation is a fertility control technique that has been used in a number of high profile situations. It is probably the most well established method of fertility control, is permanent, but is invasive and stressful. New biotechnological approaches to fertility control, such as the use of steroidal and non-steroidal contraceptives, are currently being trialled on kangaroos. These include the synthetic progestin levonorgestrel and the GnRH agonist deslorelin. These contraceptive agents are capable of successfully reducing the fertility of kangaroos for a range of durations depending on the agent used. Such contraceptive agents are likely to be a useful tool to manage both captive kangaroo populations and those in parkland areas. The development of a remote delivery technique will increase their efficacy for use in wild populations.

. Management issues of urban common brushtail possums Trichosurus vulpecula: a loved or hated neighbour.

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eymann ◽  
C. A. Herbert ◽  
D. W. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Nest Boxes ◽  
Management Issues

The common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) has readily adapted to the expanding urban settings of its native Australian environment. This has lead to conflict with humans due to T.�vulpecula?s seemingly bold behaviour in suburbia. Current management strategies encourage people to live harmoniously with possums. However, despite the cooperation of many residents, some object to this policy and illegally remove T.�vulpecula from their properties. Wildlife managers are seeking alternative management options that aim to reduce conflict with people. These include fertility control methods which may be used to adjust possum numbers in a publicly acceptable way. Nest boxes are frequently recommended as alternative den sites for T.�vulpecula which reside in man-made structures. The disease status of possums may alter the rationale for their management in urban areas, due to the potential consequences for humans, domestic animals and possum conservation. Understanding the biology and behaviour of T.�vulpecula can greatly enhance the ability to select and successfully utilise adequate methods and solve outstanding issues. As such, this paper aims to review the scientific knowledge on possum populations as well as urban possum management policies and potential management tools.

Long-acting injectable therapy for fertility control

Reproduction ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-a-305
Author(s):  
K. Virkar ◽  
S. Kora ◽  
S. Dikshit ◽  
M. Lodaya
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Control ◽  
Long Acting

Problems of Development of Small and Medium Russian Towns

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
V V. Kafidov ◽  
V. N. Filippov ◽  
I. P. Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
New Buildings

The presented study addresses the problems of development of small and medium towns in Russia. Aim. The study aims to examine a town as a socio-economic environment where its residents exist and as the fundamental factor for the development of society.Tasks. The authors identify key problems in the development of small and medium Russian towns, which interferes with the historical appearance and has a negative impact on the living environment.Methods. Problems in the development of small and medium towns in Russia are examined using theoretical methods: systematic approach, statistical analysis, social and philosophical analysis.Results. The study identifies the main negative effects of the existing model of development of small and medium Russian towns, such as destruction of their historical and cultural appearance, distortion of the overall architectural motif, increased load on communications, and congestion of the transport infrastructure.Conclusions. At the current stage, efficient development of small and medium towns in Russia is impossible within the framework of the existing infill development. This chaotic process cannot be stopped without a new conceptual approach and changes in the legislative and normative framework of urban development. The only factor that determines the boundaries of the existing approach to urban development is the lack of physical space for new buildings in urban areas. The authors formulate proposals that would help to solve the problems of development of small and medium towns in Russia. 

The Use of Damping Based Semi-Active Control Algorithms in the Mechanical Smart-Spring System

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wander Gustavo Rocha Vieira ◽  
Fred Nitzsche ◽  
Carlos De Marqui
Keyword(s):  
Active Control ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Vibration Reduction ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Coupled Systems ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Spring Mechanism

In recent decades, semi-active control strategies have been investigated for vibration reduction. In general, these techniques provide enhanced control performance when compared to traditional passive techniques and lower energy consumption if compared to active control techniques. In semi-active concepts, vibration attenuation is achieved by modulating inertial, stiffness, or damping properties of a dynamic system. The smart spring is a mechanical device originally employed for the effective modulation of its stiffness through the use of semi-active control strategies. This device has been successfully tested to damp aeroelastic oscillations of fixed and rotary wings. In this paper, the modeling of the smart spring mechanism is presented and two semi-active control algorithms are employed to promote vibration reduction through enhanced damping effects. The first control technique is the smart-spring resetting (SSR), which resembles resetting control techniques developed for vibration reduction of civil structures as well as the piezoelectric synchronized switch damping on short (SSDS) technique. The second control algorithm is referred to as the smart-spring inversion (SSI), which presents some similarities with the synchronized switch damping (SSD) on inductor technique previously presented in the literature of electromechanically coupled systems. The effects of the SSR and SSI control algorithms on the free and forced responses of the smart-spring are investigated in time and frequency domains. An energy flow analysis is also presented in order to explain the enhanced damping behavior when the SSI control algorithm is employed.

Improved Load Sharing Control Techniques for Inverters used in a Microgrid

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yao ◽  
Zhaoming Qian
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Transient Response ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Load Sharing ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Transient Performance ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Control Scheme

In this paper, an improved load sharing control scheme is presented, which is able to improve the transient response and power sharing accuracy of parallel-connected inverters used in microgrid. It also shows how the improved droop method can be easily adapted to account for the operation of parallel-connected inverters, providing good performance under the variation and disturbance of loads, as well as achieving good steady-state objectives and transient performance. Two DSP-based single-phase Microgrid inverters are designed and implemented. Simulation and experimental results are all reported, confirming the validity of the proposed control technique.

scholarly journals The effect of climate change on depression in urban areas of western Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Regime Changes ◽  
Climatic Time Series ◽  
Climatic Elements

Abstract Objective Human is accustomed to climatic conditions of the environment where they are born and live throughout their lifetime. The aim of this study is to examine mood swings and depression caused by sudden climate changes that have not yet given the humans a chance to adapt. Results Our results showed that depression could be affected by climate change and as a result, the behavior of climatic elements and trends has damaged mental health in the western regions of Iran. By investigating the trends and changes of climatic time series and their relationship with the rate of depression in urban areas of western Iran, it can be said that climate change is probably a mental health challenge for urban populations. Climate change is an important and worrying issue that makes the life difficult. Rapid climate changes in western Iran including rising air temperature, changes in precipitation, its regime, changes cloudiness and the amount of sunlight have a negative effects on health. The results showed that type of increasing or decreasing trend, as well as different climatic elements in various seasons did not have the same effect on the rate of depression in the studied areas.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties, Permeability, and Freeze–Thaw Resistance of Pervious Concrete Modified by Waste Crumb Rubbers

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanbing Liu ◽  
Guobao Luo ◽  
Yafeng Gong ◽  
Haibin Wei
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Pervious Concrete ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Island Phenomena ◽  
Pavement Material

Due to the negative effects that derive from large impervious surfaces in urban areas, pervious concrete has been developed, and has become an environmentally friendly pavement material. As a porous and permeable material, pervious concrete presents an overwhelming advantage in solving urban problems, such as flooding, groundwater decline, urban heat island phenomena, etc. Waste crumb rubber has been verified as a feasible modifier for pavement material. The objective of this paper is to explore the effects of rubber particle size and incorporation level on the permeability, mechanical properties, and freeze–thaw resistance of pervious concrete. Two kinds of rubbers (fine and coarse) with four incorporation levels (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) are used in the experiment. Permeability, compressive strength, flexural strength, flexural strain, and freeze–thaw resistance are tested. The results indicate that the addition of rubber slightly decreases strength and permeability, but significantly enhances ductility and freeze-thaw resistance. Fine crumb rubber with a suitable incorporation level could remarkably improve the ductility and freeze–thaw resistance of pervious concrete without sacrificing excessively strength and permeability.

scholarly journals A framework for IoT-enabled environment aware traffic management

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
Mohamed Fazil Mohamed Firdhous ◽  
B. H. Sudantha ◽  
Naseer Ali Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The Cost

Vehicular traffic has increased across all over the world especially in urban areas due to many reasons including the reduction in the cost of vehicles, degradation of the quality of public transport services and increased wealth of people. The traffic congestion created by these vehicles causes many problems. Increased environment pollution is one of the most serious negative effects of traffic congestion. Noxious gases and fine particles emitted by vehicles affect people in different ways depending on their age and present health conditions. Professionals and policy makers have devised schemes for better managing traffic in congested areas. These schemes suffer from many shortcomings including the inability to adapt to dynamic changes of traffic patterns. With the development of technology, new applications like Google maps help drivers to select less congested routes. But, the identification of the best route takes only the present traffic condition on different road segments presently. In this paper the authors propose a system that helps drivers select routes based on the present and expected environment pollution levels at critical points in a given area.

scholarly journals A review of green roof incentives as motivators for the expansion of green infrastructure in European cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Burszta-Adamiak ◽  
Wiesław Fiałkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
European Cities

Nowadays green roofs play a key role in alleviating the negative effects of urbanization. Despite investors awareness of the advantages of green roofs, there are still some barriers that hinder investments on a large scale. As a result a financial and non-financial incentives are implemented. The review presented in this paper allowed to identify the most popular initiatives and to formulate recommendations for creating incentive supporting implementation of green roofs in urban areas.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF FAST CHARGING BATTERY USING FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL TECHNIQUE

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nizam ◽  
Naji Abdalaziz Ali
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Control ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Battery Charger ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Logic Control ◽  
Battery Chargers ◽  
Fast Charging

<span lang="EN-US">Battery charging is an important issue when it is associated with battery life and cycle performance. The aim of this research is to design and promote fast battery chargers using fuzzy logic control techniques (FLC) for LiFePO4 batteries have been developed. The proposed charger is controlled by voltage and current to activate the PWM duty. The results show that the proposed battery charger has the potential to accelerate charging up to 37% at the rate when charging 2C. This means it is faster than the existing filling. The charger proposed by the FLC method is also capable of charging LiFePO4 batteries with greater efficiency, which is 82%. It can be concluded that the FLC application method has better performance than the CC-CV method</span>

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