Dive times for foraging dugongs in the Northern Territory.

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
SD Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Northern Territory ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Dive Behaviour ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Observer Effects

THERE are few published studies of dive times of dugongs (Dugong dugon). Direct observations are problematic because D. dugon are shy and difficult to observe in the wild from boats without creating observer effects. Time Depth Recorders (TDR?s) can record dive and surface times during dive behaviour, but there are no published data as yet for D. dugon using this technology. Although studies on dive times using Time Depth Recorders (TDR?s) result in larger data sets, their results are difficult to relate to particular behaviours such as foraging. This paper provides submergence and surface interval times for D. dugon obtained by direct observations in Darwin Harbour. Direct observations, although time consuming, can produce important information related to the ecology of D. dugon.

scholarly journals Data trajectories: tracking reuse of published data for transitive credit attribution

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Missier
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Data Reuse ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Context Data ◽  
Direct Measures

The ability to measure the use and impact of published data sets is key to the success of the open data/open science paradigm. A direct measure of impact would require tracking data (re)use in the wild, which is difficult to achieve. This is therefore commonly replaced by simpler metrics based on data download and citation counts. In this paper we describe a scenario where it is possible to track the trajectory of a dataset after its publication, and show how this enables the design of accurate models for ascribing credit to data originators. A Data Trajectory (DT) is a graph that encodes knowledge of how, by whom, and in which context data has been re-used, possibly after several generations. We provide a theoretical model of DTs that is grounded in the W3C PROV data model for provenance, and we show how DTs can be used to automatically propagate a fraction of the credit associated with transitively derived datasets, back to original data contributors. We also show this model of transitive credit in action by means of a Data Reuse Simulator. In the longer term, our ultimate hope is that credit models based on direct measures of data reuse will provide further incentives to data publication. We conclude by outlining a research agenda to address the hard questions of creating, collecting, and using DTs systematically across a large number of data reuse instances in the wild.

scholarly journals The Sampling Distribution of Disease-Associated Alleles

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 1855-1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montgomery Slatkin ◽  
Bruce Rannala
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Sampling Distribution ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Likelihood Functions ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Size Standard ◽  
Birth Death

Abstract A theory is developed that provides the sampling distribution of low frequency alleles at a single locus under the assumption that each allele is the result of a unique mutation. The numbers of copies of each allele is assumed to follow a linear birth-death process with sampling. If the population is of constant size, standard results from theory of birth-death processes show that the distribution of numbers of copies of each allele is logarithmic and that the joint distribution of numbers of copies of k alleles found in a sample of size n follows the Ewens sampling distribution. If the population from which the sample was obtained was increasing in size, if there are different selective classes of alleles, or if there are differences in penetrance among alleles, the Ewens distribution no longer applies. Likelihood functions for a given set of observations are obtained under different alternative hypotheses. These results are applied to published data from the BRCA1 locus (associated with early onset breast cancer) and the factor VIII locus (associated with hemophilia A) in humans. In both cases, the sampling distribution of alleles allows rejection of the null hypothesis, but relatively small deviations from the null model can account for the data. In particular, roughly the same population growth rate appears consistent with both data sets.

Relative testis size and mating systems in anurans: large testis in multiple-male mating in foam-nesting frogs

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Bo Liao ◽  
Zhi Ping Mi ◽  
Cai Quan Zhou ◽  
Ling Jin ◽  
Xian Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Testis Size ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Monogamous Species ◽  
Large Testis ◽  
Testes Size ◽  
Testis Mass

AbstractComparative studies of the relative testes size in animals show that promiscuous species have relatively larger testes than monogamous species. Sperm competition favours the evolution of larger ejaculates in many animals – they give bigger testes. In the view, we presented data on relative testis mass for 17 Chinese species including 3 polyandrous species. We analyzed relative testis mass within the Chinese data set and combining those data with published data sets on Japanese and African frogs. We found that polyandrous foam nesting species have relatively large testes, suggesting that sperm competition was an important factor affecting the evolution of relative testes size. For 4 polyandrous species testes mass is positively correlated with intensity (males/mating) but not with risk (frequency of polyandrous matings) of sperm competition.

scholarly journals Children with 5′-end NF1 gene mutations are more likely to have glioma

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. e192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Anastasaki ◽  
Stephanie M. Morris ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
David H. Gutmann
Keyword(s):  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Nonsense Mutations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Nf1 Gene ◽  
The Relationship

Objective:To ascertain the relationship between the germline NF1 gene mutation and glioma development in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).Methods:The relationship between the type and location of the germline NF1 mutation and the presence of a glioma was analyzed in 37 participants with NF1 from one institution (Washington University School of Medicine [WUSM]) with a clinical diagnosis of NF1. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using both unadjusted and weighted analyses of this data set in combination with 4 previously published data sets.Results:While no statistical significance was observed between the location and type of the NF1 mutation and glioma in the WUSM cohort, power calculations revealed that a sample size of 307 participants would be required to determine the predictive value of the position or type of the NF1 gene mutation. Combining our data set with 4 previously published data sets (n = 310), children with glioma were found to be more likely to harbor 5′-end gene mutations (OR = 2; p = 0.006). Moreover, while not clinically predictive due to insufficient sensitivity and specificity, this association with glioma was stronger for participants with 5′-end truncating (OR = 2.32; p = 0.005) or 5′-end nonsense (OR = 3.93; p = 0.005) mutations relative to those without glioma.Conclusions:Individuals with NF1 and glioma are more likely to harbor nonsense mutations in the 5′ end of the NF1 gene, suggesting that the NF1 mutation may be one predictive factor for glioma in this at-risk population.

scholarly journals Structure in parasite component communities in wild rodents: predictability, stability, associations and interactions .... or pure randomness?

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (7) ◽  
pp. 751-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BEHNKE
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
Wood Mice ◽  
Core Species ◽  
Helminth Communities ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Concurrent Infections

SUMMARYExperimental data establish that interactions exist between species of intestinal helminths during concurrent infections in rodents, the strongest effects being mediated through the host's immune responses. Detecting immune-mediated relationships in wild rodent populations has been fraught with problems and published data do not support a major role for interactions in structuring helminth communities. Helminths in wild rodents show predictable patterns of seasonal, host age-dependent and spatial variation in species richness and in abundance of core species. When these are controlled for, patterns of co-infection compatible with synergistic interactions can be demonstrated. At least one of these, the positive relationship betweenHeligmosomoides polygyrusand species richness of other helminths has been demonstrated in three totally independent data-sets. Collectively, they explain only a small percentage of the variance/deviance in abundance data and at this level are unlikely to play a major role in structuring helminth communities, although they may be important in the more heavily infected wood mice. Current worm burdens underestimate the possibility that earlier interactions through the immune system have taken place, and therefore interactions may have a greater role to play than is immediately evident from current worm burdens. Longitudinal studies are proposed to resolve this issue.

Systematic and ontology-based approach to interoperable cross-domain open government data services

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Masoumi ◽  
Bahar Farahani ◽  
Fereidoon Shams Aliee
Keyword(s):  
Social Innovation ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Data Services ◽  
Open Government Data ◽  
Government Data

Purpose Open government data (OGD) has emerged as a radical paradigm shift and endeavor among government administrations across the world mainly due to its promises of transparency, accountability, public-private collaboration, civic participation, social innovation and data-driven value creation. Complexity, cross-cutting nature, diversity of data sets, interoperability and quality issues usually hamper unlocking the full potential value of data. To tackle these challenges, this paper aims to provide a novel solution using a top-down approach. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors propose a systematic ontology-based approach combined with a novel architecture and its corresponding processes enabling organizations to carry out all the steps in the OGD value chain. In addition, an OGD Platform including a portal (www.iranopendata.ir) and a data management system (www.ogdms.iranopendata.ir) are developed to showcase the proposed solution. Findings The efficiency and the applicability of the solution are evaluated by a real-life use case on energy consumption of the buildings of the city of Tehran, Iran. Finally, a comparison was made with existing solutions, and the results show the proposed approach is able to address the existing gaps in the literature. Originality/value The results imply that modeling and designing the data model, as well as exploiting an ontology-based approach are critical pillars to create rich, relevant and well-described OGD data sets. Moreover, clarity on processes, roles and responsibilities are the key factors influencing the quality of the published data services. Thus, to the best of the knowledge, this is the first study that exploits and considers an ontology-based approach in a top-down manner to create OGD data sets.

scholarly journals Mobile Robotic Sensors for Environmental Monitoring using Gaussian Markov Random Field

Robotica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Linh Nguyen ◽  
Sarath Kodagoda ◽  
Ravindra Ranasinghe ◽  
Gamini Dissanayake
Keyword(s):  
Random Field ◽  
Markov Random Field ◽  
Adaptive Sampling ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Independence Property ◽  
Gaussian Markov Random Field ◽  
Markov Random ◽  
Sampling Optimization ◽  
Robotic Sensors

SUMMARY This paper addresses the issue of monitoring spatial environmental phenomena of interest utilizing information collected by a network of mobile, wireless, and noisy sensors that can take discrete measurements as they navigate through the environment. It is proposed to employ Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) represented on an irregular discrete lattice by using the stochastic partial differential equations method to model the physical spatial field. It then derives a GMRF-based approach to effectively predict the field at unmeasured locations, given available observations, in both centralized and distributed manners. Furthermore, a novel but efficient optimality criterion is then proposed to design centralized and distributed adaptive sampling strategies for the mobile robotic sensors to find the most informative sampling paths in taking future measurements. By taking advantage of conditional independence property in the GMRF, the adaptive sampling optimization problem is proven to be resolved in a deterministic time. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is compared and demonstrated using pre-published data sets with appealing results.

Corrigendum to: Video-surveillance system for remote long-term in situ observations: recording diel cavity use and behaviour of wild European lobsters (Homarus gammarus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Ronny Steen ◽  
Sondre Ski
Keyword(s):  
Video Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Video Surveillance System ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
European Lobster ◽  
Homarus Gammarus ◽  
In The Wild

Long-term studies of subtidal marine animals in the wild are a demanding enterprise. Traditionally, data collection has been limited to direct observations during SCUBA diving. In the past decade, video technology has improved rapidly and behavioural monitoring of marine organisms has successfully been conducted by using modern video-recording equipment. Here, we describe a video-monitoring system that employs video motion detection (VMD) and describe its use with the European lobster (Homarus gammarus). There is a shortage of detailed information on lobster behaviour in the wild, with virtually no published data on the fine-scale behaviour of the European lobster under natural conditions. This dearth of information reflects the difficulties in observing behaviour in nocturnal marine animals. Here, we explore whether a remote video-surveillance system is suitable for long-term monitoring of European lobsters inhabiting an artificial cavity in a natural habitat. From the video recordings, we were able to register diel cavity use and categorise behavioural elements such as resting, feeding, burrowing and substrate moving, self-cleaning, burrow occupancy and interactions among individuals. We propose that this novel system will contribute to more efficient data sampling of lobsters and facilitate non-invasive, long-term behavioural studies of other marine and freshwater animals.

scholarly journals Git Blame Who?: Stylistic Authorship Attribution of Small, Incomplete Source Code Fragments

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Dauber ◽  
Aylin Caliskan ◽  
Richard Harang ◽  
Gregory Shearer ◽  
Michael Weisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Authorship Attribution ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Collaborative Environments ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
Short Code ◽  
Version Control Systems

Abstract Program authorship attribution has implications for the privacy of programmers who wish to contribute code anonymously. While previous work has shown that individually authored complete files can be attributed, these efforts have focused on such ideal data sets as contest submissions and student assignments. We explore the problem of authorship attribution “in the wild,” examining source code obtained from open-source version control systems, and investigate how contributions can be attributed to their authors, either on an individual or a per-account basis. In this work, we present a study of attribution of code collected from collaborative environments and identify factors which make attribution of code fragments more or less successful. For individual contributions, we show that previous methods (adapted to be applied to short code fragments) yield an accuracy of approximately 50% or 60%, depending on whether we average by sample or by author, at identifying the correct author out of a set of 104 programmers. By ensembling the classification probabilities of a sufficiently large set of samples belonging to the same author we achieve much higher accuracy for assigning the set of samples to the correct author from a known suspect set. Additionally, we propose the use of calibration curves to identify which samples are by unknown and previously unencountered authors.

scholarly journals RUNX1-mutated families show phenotype heterogeneity and a somatic mutation profile unique to germline predisposed AML

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1131-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna L. Brown ◽  
Peer Arts ◽  
Catherine L. Carmichael ◽  
Milena Babic ◽  
Julia Dobbins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Gene Deletions ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Recurrent Mutations ◽  
Platelet Disorder ◽  
Related Transcription Factor ◽  
Phenotype Heterogeneity ◽  
Familial Platelet Disorder

Abstract First reported in 1999, germline runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) mutations are a well-established cause of familial platelet disorder with predisposition to myeloid malignancy (FPD-MM). We present the clinical phenotypes and genetic mutations detected in 10 novel RUNX1-mutated FPD-MM families. Genomic analyses on these families detected 2 partial gene deletions, 3 novel mutations, and 5 recurrent mutations as the germline RUNX1 alterations leading to FPD-MM. Combining genomic data from the families reported herein with aggregated published data sets resulted in 130 germline RUNX1 families, which allowed us to investigate whether specific germline mutation characteristics (type, location) could explain the large phenotypic heterogeneity between patients with familial platelet disorder and different HMs. Comparing the somatic mutational signatures between the available familial (n = 35) and published sporadic (n = 137) RUNX1-mutated AML patients showed enrichment for somatic mutations affecting the second RUNX1 allele and GATA2. Conversely, we observed a decreased number of somatic mutations affecting NRAS, SRSF2, and DNMT3A and the collective genes associated with CHIP and epigenetic regulation. This is the largest aggregation and analysis of germline RUNX1 mutations performed to date, providing a unique opportunity to examine the factors underlying phenotypic differences and disease progression from FPD to MM.

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