A METHODICAL APPROACH TO CRITICAL WELL RE- EVALUATION

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
R.J. Willink
Keyword(s):  
Additional Data ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Petroleum Wells

A review of existing petroleum wells in a particular basin of interest is commonly the first step in acreage evaluation and prospect identification. A rigorous assessment to determine whether a well's prospect was fully evaluated must be methodical and must incorporate reviews of petrophysical, engineering, geological, seismic and economic data.Based on Australian and international case histories, comprehensive checklists of pertinent questions that should be addressed have been formulated for each of these disciplines. Some aspects questioned are broad, and obvious to the point that they can be easily overlooked. Others are more specific and subtle and require close consultation with experts. The greatest value of these checklists' documentation is their potential as a guide for the comparatively inexperienced petroleum explorationist.Implicit in critical well re- evaluation is the need to be open minded, commencing on the premise that previous interpretations are not necessarily valid today. It should be appreciated that the first interpretation of an existing well was based on a limited data set of observations strongly influenced by the geological model in favour at the time and, as such, is extremely prone to change as additional data become available, as the economic environment changes or as new ideas are formulated.Experience has shown that significant, but as yet undetected, volumes of oil and gas may be present in prospects already drilled by one or more wells. Apparent lack of success in a well has often had an unjustifiably negative effect on further exploration in the area in which this well was drilled.

RAPID CROSS-PLOT DISCRIMINATION OF COMMERCIAL POTASH MINERALIZATION – CASE HISTORIES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald G. Hill ◽  
◽  
E.R. Crain ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Neutron Porosity ◽  
Commercial Sources ◽  
Petroleum Wells ◽  
Gamma Ray Log

Potash minerals are a source of potassium, which is used for the manufacture of gunpowder and fertilizer. Commercial potash mineralization is often discovered when petroleum wells are drilled through evaporite sequences and the Gamma Ray log “goes off scale”. This is because potassium is one of the naturally occurring radioactive elements, emitting gamma rays from the 40K isotope, in its decay to 40Ar. However, not all potash minerals may be commercial sources of potassium via underground mechanical or solution mining techniques and Potassium is not the only radioactive element. For example, the mineralogy of the McNutt “Potash” member of the Salado Formation in SE New Mexico, is extremely complex, consisting of multiple thin (i.e., less than 10 ft thick) beds of six low-grade (radioactive) potash minerals, only two of which are commercial. There are also four non-radioactive evaporite minerals, one of which interferes with potash milling chemistry, and numerous claystones and Marker Beds (shales), with GR count rates comparable to the low-grade potash. Because of this complexity, traditional wireline and Logging While Drilling Potash Assay techniques, such as Gamma Ray log-to-core assay transforms, may not be sufficient to identify potentially commercial potash mineralization, for underground mining. Crain and Anderson (1966) and Hill (2019) developed linear programming, and multi-mineral analyses, respectively, to estimate Potash mineralogy and grades. However, both of these approaches require complete sets of multiple log measurements. In SE New Mexico, petroleum wells are drilled through the McNutt “Potash” member of the Salado Formation, with air, cased and drilled out to TD in the underlying sediments, with water based mud. Complete log suites are then run from TD to the casing shoe, with only the GR and neutron logs recorded through the cased evaporite sequence for stratigraphic and structural correlation. As a result, numerous oil and gas wells, in SE New Mexico, have cased hole gamma ray and neutron logs, through the Salado Evaporite. Logs, from these wells could provide a rapid Potash screening database, if used properly. A simple screening cross-plot technique, the Potash Identification (PID) plot, utilizing only Gamma Ray and Neutron Porosity, is proposed and successfully demonstrated, as a potential screening tool. This technique can be used with both open and cased-hole petroleum well logs, as well as core hole wire-line logs, and provides discrimination of commercial potash mineralization from non-commercial (potash and non-potash) radioactive mineralization. Case histories of the use of PID cross plots in the evaporite basins of Michigan, Nova Scotia, Saskatchewan, and SE New Mexico are described. The technique may also be useful in screening potential potash deposits in China, Europe, North Africa, and South America.

scholarly journals Extreme geomagnetic activities: a statistical study

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuho Kataoka
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Storms ◽  
Magnetic Observatory ◽  
Statistical Distributions ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sudden Commencements ◽  
The One ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Geomagnetic Activities ◽  
Log Normal Distribution

Abstract Statistical distributions are investigated for magnetic storms, sudden commencements (SCs), and substorms to identify the possible amplitude of the one in 100-year and 1000-year events from a limited data set of less than 100 years. The lists of magnetic storms and SCs are provided from Kakioka Magnetic Observatory, while the lists of substorms are obtained from SuperMAG. It is found that majorities of events essentially follow the log-normal distribution, as expected from the random output from a complex system. However, it is uncertain that large-amplitude events follow the same log-normal distributions, and rather follow the power-law distributions. Based on the statistical distributions, the probable amplitudes of the 100-year (1000-year) events can be estimated for magnetic storms, SCs, and substorms as approximately 750 nT (1100 nT), 230 nT (450 nT), and 5000 nT (6200 nT), respectively. The possible origin to cause the statistical distributions is also discussed, consulting the other space weather phenomena such as solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and solar energetic particles.

Political and Institutional Checks on Corruption

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1217-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus André Melo ◽  
Carlos Pereira ◽  
Carlos Mauricio Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Political Competition ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Electoral Connection ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Institutional Activism ◽  
Accountability Mechanism ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Performance Determinants ◽  
Positive Direct

This article investigates the performance determinants of accountability institutions in new democracies. Current scholarship on accountability has identified a distinct mechanism through which the introduction of political competition may affect such institutions: the electoral connection or vertical accountability mechanism. This connection is not expected to be effective in new democracies, because political competition is found to be volatile and nonprogrammatic. Another strand of the literature focuses on the effect of power alternation. Government turnover is expected to generate incentives for the creation and strengthening of autonomous institutions. By exploring a unique data set on 33 state audit institutions, the authors bring together these distinct claims and provide systematic empirical tests for them. They find a negative effect of volatility on their institutional activism and a positive (direct and indirect) influence of power alternation on their levels of autonomy and sanctioning patterns.

Religion and aggregate support for redistribution

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads Meier Jæger
Keyword(s):  
Church Attendance ◽  
Religious Denomination ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
International Social Survey Programme ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
High Share ◽  
International Social

Aggregated data on regions within countries have been used to analyze the effect of religion and religiosity on aggregate support for redistribution. The data are from the International Social Survey Programme and a panel data set was constructed at the level of regions that were observed several times over the period 1985–2010. Empirical analyses show that a higher share of Catholics within a region has a positive effect on aggregate support for redistribution; a higher share of Protestants has a negative effect; religiosity (measured by church attendance) has no effect; and the effect of a religious denomination is non-linear and depends on whether or not it has a weak or a strong presence in a region. It was also found that Scandinavia is unusual in combining a high share of Protestants with high aggregate support for redistribution.

In vitro effectiveness of biapenem against IMP-producing Enterobacteriaceae

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi Gotoh ◽  
Makoto Miyoshi ◽  
I Putu Bayu Mayura ◽  
Koji Iio ◽  
Osamu Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Small Data ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Almost All ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Time Kill

The options available for treating infections with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are limited; with the increasing threat of these infections, new treatments are urgently needed. Biapenem (BIPM) is a carbapenem, and limited data confirming its in vitro killing effect against CPE are available. In this study, we examined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of BIPM for 14 IMP-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from the Okayama region in Japan. The MICs against almost all the isolates were lower than 0.5 µg ml−1, indicating susceptibility to BIPM, while approximately half of the isolates were confirmed to be bacteriostatic to BIPM. However, initial killing to a 99.9 % reduction was observed in seven out of eight strains in a time–kill assay. Despite the small data set, we concluded that the in vitro efficacy of BIPM suggests that the drug could be a new therapeutic option against infection with IMP-producing CPE.

Identifying and intercepting health misinformation on Reddit dermatology forums with artificially intelligent bots using natural language processing (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique B. Sager ◽  
Aditya M. Kashyap ◽  
Mila Tamminga ◽  
Sadhana Ravoori ◽  
Christopher Callison-Burch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Inappropriate Care ◽  
Processing Techniques

BACKGROUND Reddit, the fifth most popular website in the United States, boasts a large and engaged user base on its dermatology forums where users crowdsource free medical opinions. Unfortunately, much of the advice provided is unvalidated and could lead to inappropriate care. Initial testing has shown that artificially intelligent bots can detect misinformation on Reddit forums and may be able to produce responses to posts containing misinformation. OBJECTIVE To analyze the ability of bots to find and respond to health misinformation on Reddit’s dermatology forums in a controlled test environment. METHODS Using natural language processing techniques, we trained bots to target misinformation using relevant keywords and to post pre-fabricated responses. By evaluating different model architectures across a held-out test set, we compared performances. RESULTS Our models yielded data test accuracies ranging from 95%-100%, with a BERT fine-tuned model resulting in the highest level of test accuracy. Bots were then able to post corrective pre-fabricated responses to misinformation. CONCLUSIONS Using a limited data set, bots had near-perfect ability to detect these examples of health misinformation within Reddit dermatology forums. Given that these bots can then post pre-fabricated responses, this technique may allow for interception of misinformation. Providing correct information, even instantly, however, does not mean users will be receptive or find such interventions persuasive. Further work should investigate this strategy’s effectiveness to inform future deployment of bots as a technique in combating health misinformation. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

The relationship between training satisfaction, organisational citizenship behaviour, and turnover intention

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mumtaz Ali Memon ◽  
Rohani Sallaeh ◽  
Mohamed Noor Rosli Baharom ◽  
Shahrina Md Nordin ◽  
Hiram Ting
Keyword(s):  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Training Satisfaction ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Unexpected Findings

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of training satisfaction as a predictor of organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and turnover intention. The study further examines the mediating role of OCB between training satisfaction and turnover intention. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 409 Malaysian oil and gas (O&G) sector employees. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the hypotheses in the research model using SmartPLS 3.0. Findings This study highlights the significant positive impact of training satisfaction on OCB and the negative effect on turnover intention. Contrary to expectations, OCB proved to be neither a predictor of turnover intention nor a mediator in the model. Practical implications Although the main aim of this study was to test the theoretically driven hypotheses, the findings have a number of valuable implications for organisations. This study suggests that O&G organisations should focus on increasing employee satisfaction with training to maximise desired workplace attitudes and behaviours. Originality/value This is the first study to explore the causal links between training satisfaction, OCB and turnover intention. Although it has been observed in the past that training does not directly influence turnover intention, the present study indicates that training satisfaction significantly influences turnover intention. Further, this study unexpectedly found no direct relationship between OCB and turnover intention. Also, OCB was not a significant mediator in the present study. These unexpected findings open new avenues for future research, thus representing an important contribution of the present study.

scholarly journals Convolutional Neural Networks Model in Premature Detection of Melanoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S2) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Convolution Filter ◽  
The University ◽  
Improved Accuracy

The objective of this research is provide to the specialists in skin cancer, a premature, rapid and non-invasive diagnosis of melanoma identification, using an image of the lesion, to apply to the treatment of a patient, the method used is the architecture contrast of Convolutional neural networks proposed by Laura Kocobinski of the University of Boston, against our architecture, which reduce the depth of the convolution filter of the last two convolutional layers to obtain maps of more significant characteristics. The performance of the model was reflected in the accuracy during the validation, considering the best result obtained, which is confirmed with the additional data set. The findings found with the application of this base architecture were improved accuracy from 0.79 to 0.83, with 30 epochs, compared to Kocobinski's AlexNet architecture, it was not possible to improve the accuracy of 0.90, however, the complexity of the network played an important role in the results we obtained, which was able to balance and obtain better results without increasing the epochs, the application of our research is very helpful for doctors, since it will allow them to quickly identify if an injury is melanoma or not and consequently treat it efficiently.

scholarly journals New ideas of the Urals Foredeep architecture in the context of oil and gas potential

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Grunis ◽  
Vladimir Rostovshchikov ◽  
Yana Sbitneva ◽  
Irina Kolokolova ◽  
Zumrad Akhmetzhanova
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The Urals ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Gas Potential
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