THE USE OF PLANT DERIVED BIOMARKERS FOR CORRELATION OF OILS WITH SOURCE ROCKS IN THE COOPER/EROMANGA BASIN SYSTEM, AUSTRALIA

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 310 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Alexander ◽  
A.V. Larcher ◽  
R.I. Kagi ◽  
P.L. Price
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Chemical Marker ◽  
First Time ◽  
Basin System ◽  
Eromanga Basin ◽  
Cooper Basin

Whether or not the sediments in the Eromanga Basin have generated petroleum is a problem of considerable commercial importance which remains contentious as it has not yet been resolved unequivocally. Sediments of the underlying Cooper Basin were deposited throughout the Permian and much of the Triassic, and deposition in the overlying Eromanga Basin commenced in the Early Jurassic and extended into the Cretaceous. As Araucariaceae (trees of the kauri pine group) assumed prominence for the first time in the Early to Middle Jurassic and were all but absent in older sediments, a promising approach would seem to be using the presence or absence of specific araucariacean chemical marker signatures as a means of distinguishing oils formed from source rocks in the Eromanga Basin from those derived from the underlying Cooper Basin sediments.The saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon compositions of the sediment extracts from the Cooper and Eromanga Basins have been examined to identify the distinctive fossil hydrocarbon markers derived from such resins. Sediments from the Eromanga Basin, which contain abundant micro-fossil remains of the araucariacean plants, contain diterpane hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons which bear a strong relationship to natural products in modern members of the Araucariaceae. Sediments from the Permo-Triassic Cooper Basin, which predate the Jurassic araucariacean flora, have different distributions of diterpane biomarkers and aromatic hydrocarbons.Many oils found in the Cooper/Eromanga region do not have the biological marker signatures of the Jurassic sediments and appear to be derived from the underlying Permian sediments; however, several oils contained in Jurassic to Cretaceous reservoirs show the araucariacean signature of the associated Jurassic to Early Cretaceous source rock sediments. It is likely, therefore, that these oils were sourced and reservoired within the Eromanga Basin and have not migrated from the Cooper Basin sequences below. Accordingly, exploration strategies in the Cooper Eromanga system should include prospects that could have been charged with oil from mature Jurassic/Early Cretaceous sediments of the Eromanga Basin.

USE OF THE METHYLPHENANTHRENE INDEX TO CHARACTERISE EXPULSION OF COOPER AND EROMANGA BASIN OILS

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Tupper ◽  
D. M. Burckhardt
Keyword(s):  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Thermal Modelling ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Southern Margin ◽  
Structural Growth ◽  
Oil Source ◽  
Oil Expulsion ◽  
Eromanga Basin ◽  
Cooper Basin

The methylphenanthrene index (MPI) molecular maturity parameter is available for over 100 Cooper and Eromanga Basin oils. Oil maturity data define the threshold and range of expulsion maturity for source rocks and can be used to determine oil-source affinity. Mapping of this maturity range for all potential source rocks identifies areas of greatest oil potential.Cooper and Eromanga oils were expelled over a wide maturity range commencing at 0.6 per cent calculated vitrinite reflectance equivalent in some parts of the basin. Oil occurrence and expulsion maturity are controlled by variations in source quality such that no single expulsion threshold can be applied basin-wide. The full oil potential of the basin will only be realised by selective drilling of prospects with access to source rocks in the 0.60-0.95 per cent vitrinite reflectance range.The timing of oil expulsion is determined by using oil maturity data to calibrate thermal modelling of basin depocentres. Peak expulsion occurred during the Cretaceous and therefore prospects with pre-Tertiary structural growth are favoured.Structural embayments with thick Permian section at the southern margin of the Cooper Basin, plus the flanks of the Patchawarra and Nappamerri troughs, are highly prospective in terms of oil source potential and will be further evaluated by drilling in 1990.

BIRKHEAD REVISITED: FETROLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE BIRKHEAD FORMATION, EROMANGA BASIN

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Michelle Smyth A. C. Cook ◽  
R. P. Philp
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Rating System ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography ◽  
Geochemical Studies ◽  
Eromanga Basin ◽  
Cooper Basin ◽  
Made In

Significant discoveries of oil have been made in Middle Jurassic sandstone reservoirs of the Birkhead Formation, Eromanga Basin, Australia.Some, or all, of this oil has been generated within the Birkhead Formation. A large proportion of the oil appears to be in relatively subtle traps. The source rock characteristics of the Birkhead Formation have been rated as fair to very good. In an attempt to improve the success rate in searching for less obvious reservoirs, a rating system based on the factors that control the location of hydrocarbon source rocks has been applied to many wells within the Birkhead Formation. The variables measured, which relate to source potential and maturation, were (1) thickness of shale units; (2) volume and type of dispersed organic matter; (3) volume and type of coal occurrences; and (4) rank.High values of source potential as measured by this rating system occur in the Birkhead Formation overlying the southwestern and northeastern parts of the Nappamerri Trough of the Cooper Basin. These areas include, or are close to, the known discoveries within the Birkhead Formation.In addition, investigation of the nature of the hydrocarbons produced from the Birkhead Formation using pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Py-GC) of whole rock samples and GC analysis of solvent extracts from the rocks indicates a terrestrial origin for the organic matter in most cases. Waxy oils could be expected from these samples under appropriate maturation conditions.

NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE ACTIVE PETROLEUM SYSTEMS IN THE COOPER AND EROMANGA BASINS, AUSTRALIA

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Boreham ◽  
R.E. Summons
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Number ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Petroleum System ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Petroleum Systems ◽  
Eromanga Basin ◽  
Cooper Basin

This paper presents geochemical data—gas chromatography, saturated and aromatic biomarkers, carbon isotopes of bulk fractions and individual n-alkanes—for oils and potential source rocks in the Cooper and Eromanga basins, which show clear evidence for different source-reservoir couplets. The main couplets involve Cooper Basin source and reservoir and Cooper Basin source and Eromanga Basin reservoir. A subordinate couplet involving Eromanga Basin source and Eromanga Basin reservoir is also identified, together with minor inputs from pre-Permian source rocks to reservoirs of the Cooper and Eromanga basins.The source–reservoir relationships are well expressed in the carbon isotopic composition of individual n-alkanes. These data reflect primary controls of source and maturity and are relatively insensitive to secondary alteration through migration fractionation and water washing, processes that have affected the molecular geochemistry of the majority of oils. Accordingly, the principal Gondwanan Petroleum Supersystem originating from a Permian source of the Cooper Basin has been further subdivided into two petroleum systems associated with Lower Permian Patchawarra Formation and Upper Permian Toolachee Formation sources respectively. Both sources are characterised by n-alkane isotope profiles that become progressively lighter with increasing carbon number—negative n-alkane isotope gradient. The Patchawarra source is isotopically lighter than the Toolachee source. Reservoir placement of oil in either the Toolachee or Patchawarra formations is, in general, a good guide to its source and perhaps an indirect measure of seal effectiveness. The subordinate Murta Petroleum Supersystem of the Eromanga Basin is subdivided into the Birkhead Petroleum System and Murta Petroleum System to reflect individual contributions from Birkhead Formation and Murta Formation sources respectively. Both systems are characterised by n-alkane carbon isotope profiles with low to no gradient. The minor Larapintine Petroleum Supersystem has been tentatively identified as involving pre-Permian source rocks in the far eastern YVarburton Basin and western margin of the Warrabin Trough in Queensland.Eromanga source inputs to oil accumulations in the Eromanga Basin can be readily recognised from saturated and aromatic biomarker assemblages. However, biomarkers appear to over-emphasise local Eromanga sources. Hence, we have preferred the semi-quantitative assessment of relative Cooper and Eromanga inputs that can be made using n-alkane isotope data and this appears to be robust provided that Eromanga source input is greater than 25% in oils of mixed origin. Enhanced contributions from Birkhead sources are concentrated in areas of thick and mature Birkhead source rocks in the northeastern Patchawarra Trough. Pre-Permian inputs are readily recognised by n-alkanes more depleted in I3C compared with late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sources.Long range migration (>50 km) from Permian sources has been established for oil accumulations in the Eromanga Basin. This, together with contributions from local Eromanga sources, highlights petroleum pro- spectivity beyond the Permian edge of the Cooper Basin. Deeper, pre-Permian sources must also be considered in any petroleum system evaluation of the Cooper and Eromanga basins.

scholarly journals Length of productive life the cows of Simmental breed

2021 ◽  
Vol 213 (10) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
L. Ignat'eva ◽  
A. Sermyagin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Productive Life ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The purpose of the research was to assess the duration of the length of productive life of Simmental cows. Methods. The research was carried out on Simmental cows bred in 14 regions of the Russian Federation, the total livestock was 8 832 heads. The calculation of the heritability coefficients and correlation (genetic and paratypic) was carried out by using the programs RENUMF90 and REMLF90. Results. A fairly strong relationship was established between the duration of a productive life (months) and the age of culling (lactations) r = +0.795, the length of productive life (months) and lifetime productivity within the range of +0.669…+0.714. However, the relationship between the age of culling (lactations) and lifetime productivity is moderate, from +0.261 to +0.316. A moderate negative relationship was obtained between the age of culling (lactations) and milk yield per first lactation from –0.472 to –0.486. The average relationship was found between milk yield per first lactation and lifetime productivity from +0.567 to +0.588. Cows of the Altai Territory (3.08 lactations or 61.6 months), the Republic of Mordovia (3.38 lactations or 62.4 months) and the Lipetsk region (3.40 lactations or 65.7 months) were distinguished by low age of culling. While the greatest length of productive life was noted in animals and Bryansk (5.48 lactations or 86.9 months) and Irkutsk regions (4.57 lactations or 77.1 months). Bryansk (23 630 kg of milk), Tyumen (18 156 kg) and Irkutsk (17 751 kg) regions occupied the leading positions in lifetime productivity of cows in the sample, while the outsiders were the regions of traditional cattle breeding - Altai Territory (12658 kg of milk), the Republic of Bashkiria (12 482 kg). Scientific novelty. For the population Simmental cattle of the Russian Federation, for the first time, an assessment of selection and genetic parameters of lifelong productivity and length of productive life of Simmental cows was carried out, depending on the breeding region.

scholarly journals Sources and transformations of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mexico City

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 12741-12773 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Marr ◽  
K. Dzepina ◽  
J. L. Jimenez ◽  
F. Reisen ◽  
H. L. Bethel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Heterogeneous Reactions ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Aerosol Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Understanding sources, concentrations, and transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere is important because of their potent mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. The measurement of particle-bound PAHs by three different methods during the Mexico City Metropolitan Area field campaign in April 2003 presents a unique opportunity for characterization of these compounds and assessment of the methods. The three methods are (1) collection and analysis of bulk samples for time-integrated gas- and particle-phase speciation by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; (2) aerosol photoionization for fast detection of PAHs on particles' surfaces; and (3) aerosol mass spectrometry for fast analysis of size and chemical composition. This research represents the first time aerosol mass spectrometry has been used to measure ambient PAH concentrations and the first time that fast, real-time methods have been used to quantify PAHs alongside traditional filter-based measurements in an extended field campaign. Speciated PAH measurements suggest that motor vehicles and garbage and wood burning are important sources in Mexico City. The diurnal concentration patterns captured by aerosol photoionization and aerosol mass spectrometry are generally consistent. Ambient concentrations typically peak at ~110 ng m−3 during the morning rush hour and rapidly decay due to changes in source activity patterns and dilution as the boundary layer rises, although surface-bound PAH concentrations decay faster. The more rapid decrease in surface versus bulk PAH concentrations during the late morning suggests that freshly emitted combustion-related particles are quickly coated by secondary aerosol material in Mexico City's atmosphere and may also be transformed by heterogeneous reactions.

scholarly journals Composition Changes of Hydrocarbons during Secondary Petroleum Migration (Case Study in Cooper Basin, Australia)

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Borazjani ◽  
David Kulikowski ◽  
Khalid Amrouch ◽  
Pavel Bedrikovetsky
Keyword(s):  
Capture Rate ◽  
Pulse Generation ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Deep Bed Filtration ◽  
Concentration Difference ◽  
Petroleum Migration ◽  
Compositional Grading ◽  
First Time ◽  
Composition Changes

The reliable mathematical modelling of secondary petroleum migration that incorporates structural geology and mature source rocks in the basin model, allows for prediction of the reservoir location, yielding the significant enhancement of the probability of exploration success. We investigate secondary petroleum migration with a significant composition difference between the source and oil pools. In our case study, the secondary migration period is significantly shorter than the time of the hydrocarbon pulse generation. Therefore, neither adsorption nor dispersion of components can explain the concentration difference between the source rock and the reservoir. For the first time, the present paper proposes deep bed filtration of hydrocarbons with component kinetics retention by the rock as a physics mechanism explaining compositional grading. Introduction of the component capture rate into mass balance transport equation facilitates matching the concentration difference for heavy hydrocarbons, and the tuned filtration coefficients vary in their common range. The obtained values of filtration coefficients monotonically increase with molecular weight and consequently affects the size of the oleic component, as predicted by the analytical model of deep bed filtration. The modelling shows a negligible effect of component dispersion on the compositional grading.

scholarly journals Zoropelecinus zigrasi, a pelecinid wasp in mid-Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Pelecinidae)

2013 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Michael S. Engel ◽  
David A. Grimaldi ◽  
Jaime Ortega-Blanco
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
New Synonymy ◽  
First Time

The proctotrupoid wasp family Pelecinidae (Proctotrupomorpha: Proctotrupoidea) is recorded in Early Cretaceous amber for the first time, previous amber inclusions being from the Late Cretaceous or Tertiary. Zoropelecinus zigrasi Engel & Grimaldi, new genus and species, is described and figured from an exquisitely preserved female in Albian-Cenomanian amber from Myanmar. The genus is similar to other fossil pelecinids of the genera Pelecinopteron Brues (Paleogene ambers of the Baltic and Siberia) and Henopelecinus Engel & Grimaldi (Turonian amber, New Jersey). Although two subfamilies have at times been recognized (or even as two families) the Iscopininae are clearly paraphyletic with respect to Pelecininae and therefore of no classificatory value and accordingly synonymized herein (new synonymy).

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