SOUTH-WEST QUEENSLAND GAS — A RESOURCE FOR THE FUTURE

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
J.L. Cosgrove
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Late Permian ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
South West ◽  
Gas Potential ◽  
Early Middle Triassic ◽  
Very High

Natural gas has been discovered in 22 fields in the Central Eromanga and Cooper Basins of southwestern Queensland in the area comprised by ATP 259P. Proved, probable and possible reserves in excess of 36 × 109 m3 (1.27 TCF) are located in four discrete structural provinces. Fluvial sandstones of the Early Permian Patchawarra Formation and Late Permian Toolachee Formation contain the majority of the reserves. Minor amounts of gas are reservoired in the Early Permian Epsilon Formation, the Early-Middle Triassic Nappamerri Formation and the Early Jurassic Hutton Sandstone and Birkhead Formation. Considerable gas-liquids reserves are also found in these reservoirs.Existing reserves are located primarily in structural traps although lithofacies variations are widely recognised, particularly in the Patchawarra Formation, indicating both new play opportunities and difficulties in assessing the undiscovered gas potential of the permit. Additional gas potential is identified in flank areas of the more prominent structural axes such as the Jackson-Wackett-Innamincka Trend in fault-bounded, pinchout and sub-unconformity trapping configurations.More than 200 prospects and leads are identified with the potential to entrap approximately 51 × 109 m3 (1.80 TCF) of gas on an unrisked basis. When combined with reserves from established fields, the ultimate potential of the ATP is assessed as 87 × 109 m3 (8.10 TCF).Despite the very high success rate of previous exploration and appraisal programs, the ultimate gas potential of the Queensland portion of both the Cooper and Eromanga Basins has been only partially addressed. Exploration and appraisal programs providing future additions to proved and probable reserves are considered low risk and are dependent upon an agreement with the Queensland government that would enable the ATP holders to produce and sell gas interstate.

Late Permian–early Middle Triassic back-arc basin development in West Qinling, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 116-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Qingren Meng ◽  
Alex Pullen ◽  
Carmala N. Garzione ◽  
Guoli Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Late Permian ◽  
West Qinling ◽  
Basin Development ◽  
Back Arc ◽  
Early Middle Triassic

scholarly journals The early Triassic rhynchosaur Mesosuchus browni and the interrelationships of basal archosauromorph reptiles

1998 ◽  
Vol 353 (1368) ◽  
pp. 501-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Dilkes
Keyword(s):  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Late Permian ◽  
Assemblage Zone ◽  
Stratigraphic Ranges ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction ◽  
Fossil Records ◽  
Early Middle Triassic

Restudy of the unique diapsid reptile Mesosuchus browni Watson, from the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone (late Early Triassic to early Middle Triassic) of the Burgersdorp Formation (Tarkastad Subgroup; Beaufort Group) of South Africa, confirms that it is the most plesiomorphic known member of the Rhynchosauria. A new phylogenetic analysis of basal taxa of Archosauromorpha indicates that Choristodera falls outside of the Sauria, Prolacertiformes is a paraphyletic taxon with Prolacerta sharing a more recent common ancestor with Archosauriformes than with any other clade, Megalancosaurus and Drepanosaurus are sister taxa in the clade Drepanosauridae within Archosauromorpha, and are the sister group to the clade Tanystropheidae composed of Tanystropheus , Macrocnemus , and Langobardisaurus . Combination of the phylogenetic relationships of basal archosauromorphs and their known stratigraphic ranges reveals significant gaps in the fossil records of Late Permian and Triassic diapsids. Extensions of the temporal ranges of several lineages of diapsids into the Late Permian suggests that more groups of terrestrial reptiles survived the end-Permian mass extinction than thought previously.

scholarly journals The radiation of cynodonts and the ground plan of mammalian morphological diversity

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1769) ◽  
pp. 20131865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Ruta ◽  
Jennifer Botha-Brink ◽  
Stephen A. Mitchell ◽  
Michael J. Benton
Keyword(s):  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Late Permian ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Ground Plan ◽  
Extinction Event ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mass Extinction Event ◽  
Early Middle Triassic ◽  
High Diversity

Cynodont therapsids diversified extensively after the Permo-Triassic mass extinction event, and gave rise to mammals in the Jurassic. We use an enlarged and revised dataset of discrete skeletal characters to build a new phylogeny for all main cynodont clades from the Late Permian to the Early Jurassic, and we analyse models of morphological diversification in the group. Basal taxa and epicynodonts are paraphyletic relative to eucynodonts, and the latter are divided into cynognathians and probainognathians, with tritylodonts and mammals forming sister groups. Disparity analyses reveal a heterogeneous distribution of cynodonts in a morphospace derived from cladistic characters. Pairwise morphological distances are weakly correlated with phylogenetic distances. Comparisons of disparity by groups and through time are non-significant, especially after the data are rarefied. A disparity peak occurs in the Early/Middle Triassic, after which period the mean disparity fluctuates little. Cynognathians were characterized by high evolutionary rates and high diversity early in their history, whereas probainognathian rates were low. Community structure may have been instrumental in imposing different rates on the two clades.

scholarly journals Geochemistry and Zircon U-Pb-Hf Isotopes of Metamorphic Rocks from the Kaiyuan and Hulan Tectonic Mélanges, NE China: Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Paleo-Asian and Mudanjiang Oceans

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 836
Author(s):  
Zuozhen Han ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Zhigang Song ◽  
Guyao Liu ◽  
Wenjian Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Late Permian ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
Ne China ◽  
The North ◽  
Tectonic Mélange ◽  
Final Closure

The Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the Changchun-Yanji suture (CYS) was mainly associated with the Paleo-Asian and Mudanjiang tectonic regimes. However, the spatial and temporal overprinting and variations of these two regimes remains are still dispute. In order to evaluate this issue, in this contribution, we present new zircon U-Pb ages and a whole-rock geochemical and zircon Hf isotopic dataset on a suite of metamorphic rocks, including gneisses, actinolite schist, leptynites, and biotite schists, from tectonic mélanges in northern Liaoning and central Jilin provinces, NE China. Based on zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating results, protoliths show wide ranges of aging spectrum, including Paleoproterozoic (2441 Ma), Early Permian (281 Ma), Late Permian (254 Ma), and Late Triassic (230 Ma). The Permian protoliths of leptynites from the Hulan Tectonic Mélange (HLTM) and gneisses from the Kaiyuan Tectonic Mélange (KYTM) exhibit arc-related geochemical signatures, implying that the Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO) did not close prior to the Late Permian. The Late Triassic protoliths of gneisses from the KYTM, in combination with previously reported coeval igneous rocks along the CYS, comprises a typical bimodal igneous suite in an E–W-trending belt, suggesting a post-orogenic extensional environment. Consequently, we infer that the final closure of the PAO took place during the Early–Middle Triassic. The Early Permian protoliths of biotite schists from the HLTM are alkali basaltic rocks and contain multiple older inherited zircons, which, in conjunction with the geochemical features of the rocks, indicate that they were generated in a continental rift related to the initial opening of the Mudanjiang Ocean (MO). Data from this contribution and previous studies lead us to conclude that the MO probably opened during the Middle Triassic, due to the north–south trending compression caused by the final closure of the PAO.

Whole-rock geochemical variations and evolution of the arc-derived Murihiku Terrane, New Zealand

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. ROSER ◽  
D. S. COOMBS ◽  
R. J. KORSCH ◽  
J. D. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Continental Crust ◽  
Basaltic Andesite ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Late Permian ◽  
Rock Composition ◽  
Upper Continental Crust ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Early Middle Triassic

Arc-flank volcaniclastic sedimentation in the Murihiku Terrane of New Zealand lasted about 120 million years from Late Permian to Early Cretaceous time. Despite the effects of pervasive zeolite-facies alteration, whole-rock geochemical parameters for sandstones, siltstones and tuffs record changes in source-rock composition, both in time and along the length of the depositional basin. Sandstones are considered to give a more reliable indication of the state of evolution of the source volcanic arc than do the siltstones. The siltstones commonly contain detrital white mica flakes that are generally lacking in the sandstones, and are possibly of distal continental origin. Some also contain very fine felsic ash particles. Average abundances and normalized multi-element diagrams are used to estimate proportions of three model end-member source constituents, average upper-continental crust (UCC), high-K rhyolite (RHY) and basaltic andesite (AND). Sandstone provenance for the Southland Syncline sector changed from a predominantly basaltic-andesite source in Late Permian to early Middle Triassic time, for example, UCC:RHY:AND = 0:17:83 in the Early to early Middle Triassic, to highly felsic in the Middle to Late Triassic, reaching UCC:RHY:AND = 2:74:24 in the Late Triassic Oretian Stage. A UCC component became increasing significant from latest Triassic upward and the proportion of mafic to felsic volcanism increased again, with UCC:RHY:AND = 15:30:35 in the Middle Jurassic Temaikan Stage. Mix modelling suggests that along-arc source proportions varied, with greater mafic and upper continental crust contributions in the northern Kawhia segment than in the Southland segment. These patterns may be explained by deposition at an oceanic Aleutian-type arc margin, with transition to a continental oceanic arc character induced either by arc evolution and dissection, forearc sliver translation, or underplating of rafted microcontinental fragments.

scholarly journals New perspectives on ancient marine reptiles

2013 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENJAMIN P. KEAR ◽  
GRAHAM E. BUDD
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
Marine Reptiles ◽  
Early Middle Triassic ◽  
The Way

Amniotes first invaded saline lagoons and coastal seaways towards the end of the Palaeozoic (Early Permian, ~ 280 Ma: Piñeiro et al. 2012), but by the dawn of the Mesozoic (Early–Middle Triassic, ~ 250–235 Ma: Rieppel, 2002; McGowan & Motani, 2003) they had achieved a diversity of specialized body-forms requisite for an obligate oceanic lifestyle. Such an explosive ecomorphological radiation paved the way for amniote dominance of large-bodied aquatic carnivore/omnivore niches over the next 185 Ma, with some lineages (e.g. dyrosaurid crocodylomorphs and bothremydid turtles: Gaffney, Tong & Meylan, 2006; Barbosa, Kellner & Sales Viana, 2008) even persisting on into the Palaeogene (until ~ 50 Ma), and diversifying (i.e. chelonioid sea turtles: Hirayama, 1997) alongside emergent marine mammals through the Neogene (from ~ 23 Ma) and up until today.

Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Justification For the Triassic Meandrospiral Foraminiferal Genus Citaella Premoli Silva, 1964

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumi Ueno ◽  
Akira Miyahigashi ◽  
Rossana Martini
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
Phylogenetic Relation ◽  
Research History ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Early Middle Triassic

Abstract Taxonomy and nomenclature of Triassic meandrospiral foraminifers have been confused for a long time and they have been misinterpreted to relate to Cretaceous Meandrospira in most studies. We comprehensively reviewed their research history, considering morphology, phylogenetic relation, taxonomy, and nomenclature. This allowed us to confirm their original porcelaneous wall composition based on well-preserved specimens, and to legitimize the use of the generic name Citaella Premoli Silva, 1964 for Triassic meandrospiral foraminifers. Citaella is here redefined as a miliolate genus having a porcelaneous shell and typical meandrospiral arrangement in its tubular deuteroloculus. The genus is restricted in the late Early to early Middle Triassic (Olenekian–Anisian) of the Tethyan realm. It was likely derived from a cornuspiroidean ancestor in earliest Triassic time, although the ancestral taxon is still unclear. Citaella gave rise to two descendant genera, Meandrospiranella and Turriglomina, in the early–middle Anisian. These three taxa formed a single phylogenetic clade in the Triassic, to which the subfamily Turriglomininae Zaninetti 1987 is best applicable. Citaella is phylogenetically distinct from its homeomorphic miliolate genera Streblospira in the Early Permian and Meandrospira in the Early Cretaceous, although they have the same wall compositions and very similar arrangement patterns in deuteroloculi. After scrutinizing literature, we recognized four distinct species in the genus Citaella including one with questionable generic assignment. We also made taxonomic emendation of the subfamily Turriglomininae and the genus Citaella, and demonstrated nomenclatural precedency of Citaella pusilla over other synonymous species that were proposed simultaneously in the same article.

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