THREE-DIMENSIONAL DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
E. G. Selby
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Depth Map ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Information Giving

There are many limitations in the ultimate accuracy of a conventional two dimensional seismic survey. One of the most important of these is that, in general, a prospect is not a two dimensional model but a three dimensional one. For a complete interpretation of a prospect area the final result should be a migrated time or depth map. With limited sampling (a seismic grid typically consists of loops with dimensions at least 1 km by 1 km) it is necessary to interpolate grid points to allow map migration and this method has inherent inaccuracies.The three dimensional seismic exploration technique is designed to provide a sufficiently close sampled grid of seismic traces, typically with a line and depth point spacing as close as 50-100 m, to allow the seismic data itself to be migrated three dimensionally. This allows the interpreter to work with migrated seismic sections and to contour directly the migrated map.Several techniques exist to allow practical and economic collection of seismic data to provide this close sampling. These techniques can be adapted to various terrain and cultural conditions.The main advantages of three dimensional data collection are correct imaging of the seismic information giving true vertical reflection time sections and improved signal-to-noise ratio due to the increased fold inherent in the three dimensional migration process. The additional advantage to the interpreter is that the data has a sampling which gives a line intersection at each depth point in the prospect.

Slant f-k transform of multichannel seismic surface wave data

Geophysics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. A19-A24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander S. Serdyukov ◽  
Aleksander V. Yablokov ◽  
Anton A. Duchkov ◽  
Anton A. Azarov ◽  
Valery D. Baranov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Velocity Estimation ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Spectral Processing ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Frequency Time Representation ◽  
Time Representation ◽  
S Transform

We have addressed the problem of estimating surface-wave phase velocities through the spectral processing of seismic data. This is the key step of the well-known near-surface seismic exploration method, called multichannel analysis of surface waves. To increase the accuracy and ensure the unambiguity of the selection of dispersion curves, we have developed a new version of the frequency-wavenumber ([Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]) transform based on the S-transform. We obtain the frequency-time representation of seismic data. We analyze the obtained S-transform frequency-time representation in a slant-stacking manner but use a spatial Fourier transform instead of amplitude stacking. Finally, we build the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] image by analyzing the spatial spectra for different steering values of the surface-wave group velocities. The time localization of the surface-wave packet at each frequency increases the signal-to-noise ratio because of an exclusion of noise in other time steps (which does not fall in the effective width of the corresponding wavelet). The new [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] transform, i.e., the slant [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] (SFK) transform, renders a better spectral analysis than the conventional [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] transform and yields more accurate phase-velocity estimation, which is critical for the surface-wave analysis. The advantages of the SFK transform have been confirmed by synthetic- and field-data processing.

scholarly journals High-resolution coherency functionals for velocity analysis: An application for subbasalt seismic exploration

Geophysics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. U53-U63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Tognarelli ◽  
Eusebio Stucchi ◽  
Alessia Ravasio ◽  
Alfredo Mazzotti
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Synthetic Seismograms ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Velocity Analysis ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Geologic Setting ◽  
Analytic Signals

We tested the properties of three different coherency functionals for the velocity analysis of seismic data relative to subbasalt exploration. We evaluated the performance of the standard semblance algorithm and two high-resolution coherency functionals based on the use of analytic signals and of the covariance estimation along hyperbolic traveltime trajectories. Approximate knowledge of the wavelet was exploited to design appropriate filters that matched the primary reflections, thereby further improving the ability of the functionals to highlight the events of interest. The tests were carried out on two synthetic seismograms computed on models reproducing the geologic setting of basaltic intrusions and on common midpoint gathers from a 3D survey. Synthetic and field data had a very low signal-to-noise ratio, strong multiple contamination, and weak primary subbasalt signals. The results revealed that high-resolution coherency functionals were more suitable than semblance algorithms to detect primary signals and to distinguish them from multiples and other interfering events. This early discrimination between primaries and multiples could help to target specific signal enhancement and demultiple operations.

Map displays from an interactive interpretation

Geophysics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 1999-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Denham ◽  
H. Roice Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Seismic Interpretation ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Seismic Surveys ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Gippsland Basin

Map displays built during interactive seismic interpretation provide information not obtainable with traditional mapping techniques. Several map displays derived from the 1983 interactive interpretation of a Gippsland Basin three‐dimensional (3-D) seismic survey are presented below. Similar map display results have since been obtained with the interactive interpretation of two‐dimensional (2-D) seismic surveys. These types of mapping results are among the most important contributions of interactive interpretation procedures.

Random noise attenuation by planar mathematical morphological filtering

Geophysics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. V11-V25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weilin Huang ◽  
Runqiu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Noise Attenuation ◽  
Seismic Waveforms ◽  
Morphological Filtering ◽  
Alternative Techniques ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Improving the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of seismic data is desirable in many seismic exploration areas. The attenuation of random noise can help to improve the S/N. Geophysicists usually use the differences between signal and random noise in certain attributes, such as frequency, wavenumber, or correlation, to suppress random noise. However, in some cases, these differences are too small to be distinguished. We used the difference in planar morphological scales between signal and random noise to separate them. The planar morphological scale is the information that describes the regional shape of seismic waveforms. The attenuation of random noise is achieved by removing the energy in the smaller morphological scales. We call our method planar mathematical morphological filtering (PMMF). We analyze the relationship between the performance of PMMF and its input parameters in detail. Applications of the PMMF method to synthetic and field post/prestack seismic data demonstrate good performance compared with competing alternative techniques.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Microwave Holographic Imaging Employing Forward-Scattered Waves Only

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza K. Amineh ◽  
Maryam Ravan ◽  
Justin McCombe ◽  
Natalia K. Nikolova
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Holographic Imaging ◽  
Multiple Receivers ◽  
Satisfactory Performance ◽  
Resolution Limits

We propose a three-dimensional microwave holographic imaging method based on the forward-scattered waves only. In the proposed method, one transmitter and multiple receivers perform together a two-dimensional scan on two planar apertures on opposite sides of the inspected domain. The ability to achieve three-dimensional imaging without back-scattered waves enables the imaging of high-loss objects, for example, tissues, where the back-scattered waves may not be available due to low signal-to-noise ratio or nonreciprocal measurement setup. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the proposed method in providing three-dimensional images. Resolution limits are derived and confirmed with simulation examples.

Reprocessing legacy three-dimensional seismic data from the Halfmile Lake and Brunswick No. 6 volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits, New Brunswick, Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Bellefleur ◽  
Saeid Cheraghi ◽  
Alireza Malehmir
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Massive Sulphide ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Deep Zone ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Massive Sulphide Deposits ◽  
Volcanogenic Massive Sulphide ◽  
Sulphide Deposits

We reprocessed legacy three-dimensional (3D) seismic data from the Halfmile Lake and Brunswick areas, both of which were acquired for mineral exploration in the Bathurst Mining Camp, New Brunswick. Each 3D seismic survey was acquired over known volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits and covered areas with strong mineral potential. Most improvements resulted from a reduction of coherent and random noise on prestack gathers and from an improved velocity model, combined with re-imaging with dip moveout corrections and poststack migration or prestack time migration. At Halfmile Lake, the new imaging results show the Deep zone and a possible extension of the sulphide mineralization at greater depth. True amplitude processing has shown that this anomaly has strong amplitudes and is offset from the Deep zone by a shallowly dipping fault (<15°). With the clearer geological context provided by our results, this anomaly, which appears as a stand-alone anomaly on an original image obtained by Noranda Exploration Ltd., becomes a defendable exploration target. Nonorthogonal acquisition geometry and receiver patches of the Brunswick No. 6 3D seismic survey generated artefacts after dip moveout processing that reduced the overall quality of the seismic volumes. By using a filtering approach based on the application of a weighted Laplacian-Gaussian filter in the Kx–Ky domain, we reduced the noise and improved the continuity of reflections. We also imaged the short and flat reflections observed previously only in the shallow part of prestack time migrated data. These short reflections appear as diffractions on the filtered stacked section with dip moveout corrections, indicating that they originate from small geological bodies or discontinuities in the subsurface.

Seismic Data Collection Circuit Design of Seismograph Used in Complex Mountainous Area

2013 ◽  
Vol 684 ◽  
pp. 477-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teng Yu ◽  
Zu Bin Chen ◽  
Yu Jian Du ◽  
Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Circuit Design ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Interface Circuit ◽  
Module Design ◽  
Digital Storage ◽  
Storage Type ◽  
Design Article

This paper presents an apply cableless seismograph to the complex mountain in the data collection circuit design. Article research is the use of digital storage type seismograph structure cableless collected in the field of seismic exploration instrument station, given the design of the general acquisition system, given the collection module design circuit, A / D conversion circuit design and fpga module interface circuit design.

scholarly journals PROBLEM ISSUES AND WAYS TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF SEISMIC SURVEY

Neft i gaz ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (121) ◽  
pp. 52-68
Author(s):  
S.M. ISSENOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Vertical Resolution ◽  
Dynamic Problems ◽  
Seismic Record ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Geological Section ◽  
Hydrocarbon Deposits

The physical capabilities of seismic prospecting and the main factors limiting the scope of solving target geological problems of research at the stages of exploration and additional exploration of hydrocarbon deposits are considered. The efficiency of structural-tectonic and dynamic problems of seismic exploration to be solved depend on the degree of correspondence to the real structure of the geological section of the basic mathematical models of the applied methods and technologies of field seismic survey, processing and interpretation of seismic data. The reliability of predicting the material composition of sediments and physical parameters of hydrocarbon reservoirs is determined by the achieved quantitative Signal / Noise estimates and the vertical resolution of the seismic record. The ways of increasing the efficiency of seismic exploration are discussed, including the practical results of the application of Multifocusing technologies, which expand the range of geological problems to be solved.

Multiscale reservoir surveillance and monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-384
Author(s):  
Mohammed Badri ◽  
Ali Yousif ◽  
Maged Mabrook
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Oil Reservoirs ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Fluid Movement ◽  
Integrate Data ◽  
Fluid Imaging

Geoscientists and reservoir engineers are challenged to integrate data of different scales to better understand fluid movement in oil reservoirs. Different technologies are capable of imaging fluid movement in the reservoir at different scales. Two-dimensional fluid imaging has been achieved recently through crosswell and surface-to-borehole electromagnetic (EM) measurements. Three-dimensional fluid movement imaging has shown potential by using surface seismic data volumes. The Multiscale Reservoir Surveillance and Monitoring Workshop, held virtually 7–9 December 2020, attempted to address the challenge of how to integrate these measurements obtained at different scales into a workflow to improve the understanding of fluid flow, which is critical for sweep efficiency and recovery.

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