THE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE OFFSHORE GIPPSLAND BASIN

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. James ◽  
P. R. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Recent Sediment ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Latest Eocene ◽  
Gippsland Basin ◽  
Seismic Lines ◽  
Broad Scale

The Gippsland Basin in south-eastern Australia mainly underlies the continental shelf between eastern Victoria and Tasmania. It is filled with Lower Cretaceous-Recent sediment and has become a major source of hydrocarbons for the Australian market.Forty-two wildcat and stepout wells, additional development wells and over 7,000 miles of seismic lines provide a framework on which to build the region's geological history. The time-stratigraphy of the basin is derived from extensive use of spore-pollen assemblages in the mainly non-marine Cretaceous-Eocene and foraminifera in the marine Oligocene-Pliocene, largely complemented by seismic and to a lesser extent electric log correlations. Ten Cretaceous and five Paleocene-Eocene spore-pollen zones and fourteen Oligocene-Pliocene foraminiferal zonules are recognized. Only broad-scale lithostratigraphic units, initially recognized along the northern, onshore margin of the basin are traceable offshore. The Lower Cretaceous is represented by at least 10,000 feet of non-marine greywacke of the Strzelecki Group. The Upper Cretaceous-Eocene, with a cumulative thickness of 15,000 feet is termed the Latrobe Group and consists mainly of lacustrine and fluviatile elastics. Channels dissected the top of the Latrobe Group during the Eocene and were filled with sediments recognizable as distinct sequences within the group and termed the Flounder and Turrum Formations. A destructive marine phase during latest Eocene time left the glauconitic Gurnard Formation as the youngest member of the Group.Subsequent marine inundation of the basin resulted in deposition of up to 1,500 feet of calcareous mudstone referred to the Lakes Entrance Formation and up to 5,000 feet of marl, calcarenite and limestone of the Gippsland Limestone during the Oligocene and Miocene. Up to 1,000 feet of Pliocene- Recent calcarenite, micrite and marl complete the sedimentary sequence.

Anatomical, morphometric, and stratigraphic analyses of theropod biodiversity in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Dinosaur Park Formation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Cullen ◽  
Lindsay Zanno ◽  
Derek W. Larson ◽  
Erinn Todd ◽  
Philip J. Currie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
North America ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Variable Distribution ◽  
Taxic Diversity ◽  
Dinosaur Park Formation ◽  
Broad Scale

The Dinosaur Park Formation (DPF) of Alberta, Canada, has produced one of the most diverse dinosaur faunas, with the record favouring large-bodied taxa, in terms of number and completeness of skeletons. Although small theropods are well documented in the assemblage, taxonomic assessments are frequently based on isolated, fragmentary skeletal elements. Here we reassess DPF theropod biodiversity using morphological comparisons, high-resolution biostratigraphy, and morphometric analyses, with a focus on specimens/taxa originally described from isolated material. In addition to clarifying taxic diversity, we test whether DPF theropods preserve faunal zonation/turnover patterns similar to those previously documented for megaherbivores. Frontal bones referred to a therizinosaur (cf. Erlikosaurus), representing among the only skeletal record of the group from the Campanian–Maastrichtian (83–66 Ma) fossil record of North America, plot most closely to troodontids in morphospace, distinct from non-DPF therizinosaurs, a placement supported by a suite of troodontid anatomical frontal characters. Postcranial material referred to cf. Erlikosaurus in North America is also reviewed and found most similar in morphology to caenagnathids, rather than therizinosaurs. Among troodontids, we document considerable morphospace and biostratigraphic overlap between Stenonychosaurus and the recently described Latenivenatrix, as well as a variable distribution of putatively autapomorphic characters, calling the validity of the latter taxon into question. Biostratigraphically, there are no broad-scale patterns of faunal zonation similar to those previously documented in ornithischians from the DPF, with many theropods ranging throughout much of the formation and overlapping extensively, possibly reflecting a lack of sensitivity to environmental changes, or other cryptic ecological or evolutionary factors.

Broad-scale suppression of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), associated with Bt cotton crops in Northern New South Wales, Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H. Baker ◽  
C.R. Tann
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Cotton Bollworm ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Bt Toxin ◽  
Pheromone Trapping ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Broad Scale

AbstractThe cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, is a major pest of many agricultural crops in several countries, including Australia. Transgenic cotton, expressing a single Bt toxin, was first used in the 1990s to control H. armigera and other lepidopteran pests. Landscape scale or greater pest suppression has been reported in some countries using this technology. However, a long-term, broad-scale pheromone trapping program for H. armigera in a mixed cropping region in eastern Australia caught more moths during the deployment of single Bt toxin cotton (Ingard®) (1996–2004) than in previous years. This response can be attributed, at least in part, to (1) a precautionary cap (30% of total cotton grown, by area) being applied to Ingard® to restrict the development of Bt resistance in the pest, and (2) during the Ingard® era, cotton production greatly increased (as did that of another host plant, sorghum) and H. armigera (in particular the 3rd and older generations) responded in concert with this increase in host plant availability. However, with the replacement of Ingard® with Bollgard II® cotton (containing two different Bt toxins) in 2005, and recovery of the cotton industry from prevailing drought, H. armigera failed to track increased host-plant supply and moth numbers decreased. Greater toxicity of the two gene product, introduction of no cap on Bt cotton proportion, and an increase in natural enemy abundance are suggested as the most likely mechanisms responsible for the suppression observed.

scholarly journals V.—Note on an Undescribed Area of Lower Greensand or Vectian in Dorset

1891 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 456-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Jukes-Browne
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Geological Magazine

Until recently no outcrop of the Vectian or Lower Greensand was known to occur between Lulworth on the coast of Dorset and the neighbourhood of Devizes in Wiltshire. It was supposed that, with the exception of a small area of Wealden in the Vale of Wardour, the whole of the Lower Cretaceous Series in Dorset and South Wilts was concealed and buried beneath the overlapping Upper Cretaceous strata. A recent examination of this district however has revealed two areas where the Vectian sands emerge from beneath the Gault. One of these has already been indicated in the pages of the Geological Magazine; the other is the subject of the present communication.

HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF THE MESOZOIC AND BASAL TERTIARY OF THE GIPPSLAND BASIN: A STRATIGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Haskell
Keyword(s):  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
The West ◽  
Stratigraphic Analysis ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
Marine Influence ◽  
Gippsland Basin ◽  
North And South ◽  
Early Upper

A thick sequence of uppermost Jurassic, Cretaceous and basal Tertiary non-marine sedimentary rocks underlies the Gippsland area of Victoria. The older part of this sequence is extensively exposed in the west of the Gippsland area, but elsewhere it is known dominantly from well intersections. Although several hiates are recognised, palynological data indicate that a comparatively complete Cretaceous section can be compiled from this sequence in the Gippsland area.The uppermost Jurassic to Paleocene rocks can be divided into three units. The oldest unit is uppermost Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous in age. It consists of variably compacted greywackes and lithic sandstones, minor arkoses and interbedded siltstones and mudstones. The overlying early Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene units are distinguishable paleontologically and consist of quartzose sandstones, carbonaceous siltstones and mudstones.There is no indication of marine influence on sedimentation present in the microfossil content of any of the palynotogical preparations from samples taken throughout most of the sequence. Several species of microplankton are common in the oldest unit, but they are indicative of the lacustrine conditions under which the unit was deposited.Minor hydrocarbon shows have been recorded from the oldest unit, but the sandstones are characteristically tight. More significant shows have been reported from the two younger units that contain relatively clean sandstones interbedded with siltstones and mudstones. These units possess the greatest economic potential of all of the pre-Eocene rocks of the Gippsland Basin.The structural framework of the region is composed of separate series of north-easterly and easterly trending faults or monoclines and a south-easterly regional dip. Differential movements of blocks defined by this fault-monocline pattern appears to have resulted in erosion of the more prospective early Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene strata from all but two subrectangular areas respectively immediately north and south of Seaspray.

Broad-scale environmental gradients among estuarine benthic macrofaunal assemblages of south-eastern Australia: implications for monitoring estuaries

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair J. Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Macrofaunal Community ◽  
Broad Spatial Scale ◽  
Broad Scale ◽  
South Eastern Australia

The importance of abiotic factors in explaining patterns of estuarine benthic macrofaunal community structure was examined on a broad spatial scale across south-eastern Australia. Macrofaunal communities were surveyed using an Ekman grab and a modified epibenthic sled (dredge) at each sampling site: data for 24 environmental variables were also collected. Twenty-eight estuaries were sampled on a single occasion during late summer at three stratified locations within each estuary (upper, mid and lower). Macrofaunal community composition was best explained by a common environmental gradient summarising variation in both salinity and longitude. Hence, although the distribution of macrofaunal taxa can be clearly linked to changes in salinity, the geographical position of the sites along an east–west axis, rather than a generalised down-stream gradient, appears to best explain the data. This association was primarily linked to broad-scale changes in estuarine morphology across the geographical range of this survey. A sediment-based environmental gradient among grab samples, but not dredge samples, reflected the largely infaunal nature of the grab samples. In general, the present survey did not support the classification of estuarine assemblages on the basis of a range of physical parameters but, instead, emphasised the continuity of estuarine benthic macrofaunal community structure on a broad spatial scale.

Le Cretace superieur et le Paleogene dans la dorsale calcaire aux abords meridionaux de Tetouan (Rif septentrional, Maroc)

1964 ◽  
Vol S7-VI (3) ◽  
pp. 305-308
Author(s):  
Jean Claude Griffon ◽  
J. Magne ◽  
Jacques Sigal
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Upper Eocene ◽  
Tectonic Movements

Abstract The limestone dorsal of the northern part of the Rif mountains near Tetuan, Morocco, exposes Permian clastics, Triassic dolomite, Jurassic and lower Cretaceous limestone, upper Cretaceous to Eocene marl, transgressive upper Eocene conglomerate, and Oligocene flysch. The microfauna of the upper Cretaceous and the Paleogene formations are particularly useful in correlations. Major tectonic movements occurred in the Miocene.

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