OVERFLOW OF SPACE AGE TECHNOLOGY INTO PETROLEUM EXPLORATION

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
H. M. Thralls ◽  
S. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Earth Satellite ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Satellite Navigation System ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Vantage Points ◽  
High Level

From the standpoint of time, the "Space Age" is generally shown as commencing October 4, 1957, with the orbiting of the first Sputnik Earth satellite, and extending up to the present moon surface exploration by members of the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 crews. The "Space Age" is also defined as an environment of mental disciplines and teamwork which has provided the creative approach leading to the greatest concentration of new technical developments and innovations of any comparable period in history. A combination of micro-electronic developments with applications of information theory has aided digital data recording and processing techniques, including the capability to retrieve weak signals from high level background noise. Applications of inertial accelerometers and of stabilized platforms have led to the development of a new shipboard gravity meter. A new gravity method has been developed using time-differentiation of doppler-derived spacecraft velocities. Magnetometers developed for petroleum exploration have been adapted for use in spacecraft. The development of an all-weather satellite navigation system and a doppler sonar system have provided accurate navigation systems for petroleum exploration which are free from geographic and weather limitations. Through the development of several "remote sensing" tools and techniques, such as side-looking radar, thermal-infrared imagery, and photography from satellites, the exploration geologist now has new measurements from new vantage points to aid in the interpretation of prospect areas. The VIBROSEIS' method is based on a chirp signal source and processing based on information theory concepts which have been in common use by Space Age programs, computer industry and petroleum exploration. With the advent of a coherent light source (laser), optical holography has become possible. Considerable research is now in progress to develop acoustic holographic techniques for petroleum exploration.

Analysis of Influence of Ephemeris-Time Information on Accuracy of Solving a Navigation Problem by Signals of GLONASS System

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-474
Author(s):  
V.O. Zhilinskiy ◽  
◽  
D.S. Pecheritsa ◽  
L.G. Gagarina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Satellite Navigation ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Navigation Problem ◽  
Satellite Navigation System ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Time Information

The Global Navigation Satellite System has a huge impact on both the public and private sectors, including the social-economic development, it has many applications and is an integral part of many domains. The application of the satellite navigation systems remains the most relevant in the field of transport, including land, air and maritime transport. The GLONASS system consists of three segments and the operation of the entire system depends on functioning of each component, but primarily, the accuracy of measurements depends on the basis forming of the control segment and management, responsible for forming ephemeris-time information. In the work, the influence of ephemeris-time information on the accuracy of solving the navigation problem by the signals of the GLONASS satellite navigation system has been analyzed. The influence of both ephemeris information and the frequency information, and of the time corrections has been individually studied. The accuracy of the ephemeris-time information is especially important when solving the navigation problem by highly precise positioning method. For the analysis the following scenarios of the navigation problem solving have been formed: using high-precision and broadcast ephemeris-time information, a combination of broadcast (high-precision) ephemeris-time information, and high-precision (broadcast) satellite clock offsets and two scenarios with simulation of the calculation of the relative correction to the radio signal carrier frequency. Based on the study results it has been concluded that the contribution of the frequency-time corrections to the error of location determination is of the greatest importance and a huge impact on the error location, while the errors of the ephemeris information are insignificant

scholarly journals Geo-Knowledge for an Ever Changing Society – The New Swiss National Map 1:10‘000 and its strategic relevance

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Olaf Forte
Keyword(s):  
Reference Data ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
National Centre ◽  
Open Government Data ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Government Data ◽  
High Level

The Federal Office of Topography swisstopo plays a vital role as Switzerland’s Geoinformation centre. This paper shows how the New Swiss National Map 1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;10’000 will take its place, within the strategic Geoinformation preparations for 2020 and swisstopo’ future technical developments.<br> This topic can be told in five key chapters, each with their own strategic focal points for swisstopo: The National Centre of Geoinformation – Up-to-date reference data – Improved, future-orientated usability – Filling the gaps in Switzerland’s geographical reference data and finally Open Government Data.<br> Implementing each of these strategic focal points will enable swisstopo to provide an even more effective, efficient and cost-conscious service. The data and products provided by swisstopo are built on the core objectives of ensuring that Switzerland’s official Geoinformation, firstly complies with current legislation, secondly insuring that the information covering various time periods will be readily available over the long term, and finally that the data is maintained as up to date as possible.<br> In order to ensure long-term success and to provide a service that responds to the people’s needs and benefits Switzerland as a whole, swisstopo must also take into account social, political and technological developments. Moreover, it will enable swisstopo to continue a sustainable high-level of cartography in future.

How to Catch an AI Zombie

2020 ◽  
pp. 439-458
Author(s):  
Susan Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Real World ◽  
Phenomenal Consciousness ◽  
Artificial Consciousness ◽  
High Level ◽  
Integrated Information Theory ◽  
Integrated Information

How can we determine if AI is conscious? The chapter begins by illustrating that there are potentially very serious real-world costs to getting facts about AI consciousness wrong. It then proposes a provisional framework for investigating artificial consciousness that involves several tests or markers. One test is the AI Consciousness Test, which challenges an AI with a series of increasingly demanding natural-language interactions. Another test is based on the Integrated Information Theory, developed by Giulio Tononi and others, and considers whether a machine has a high level of “integrated information.” A third test is a Chip Test, where speculatively an individual’s brain is gradually replaced with durable microchips. If this individual being tested continues to report having phenomenal consciousness, the chapter argues that this could be a reason to believe that some machines could have consciousness.

scholarly journals Using satellite navigation for seeding of wide-row and narrow-row crops  

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S7-S13
Author(s):  
M. Macák ◽  
M. Žitňák ◽  
L. Nozdrovický
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Satellite Navigation ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Satellite Navigation System ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Correct Application ◽  
Satellite Navigation Systems

The present paper is aimed at the use of satellite navigation of field machinery during seeding, this operation belonging to the most important field practises. Our attention was focused on the determination of the accuracy of the satellite navigation system based on using the correction signal real-time kinematic and its correct application for planting a wide-row crop (sunflower) and seeding a narrow-row crop (spring barley). The aim of the field experiment was also to specify the level of the necessary accuracy of satellite navigation systems during planting and seeding. The length of seeding/planting equipment was confronted with the accuracy of navigation of individual passes, especially when turning on the headlands. In the conclusion, the importance is highlighted of the automated tractor headland control during satellite navigation of combined field machines in the crop production.

scholarly journals Precise time and frequency transfer combined BeiDou’s RDSS and RNSS signals

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxue Liu ◽  
Hong Yuan ◽  
Jian Ge ◽  
Ying Xu
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Orbit ◽  
Satellite Navigation ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Signal Frequency ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Satellite Navigation System ◽  
Frequency Transfer ◽  
Satellite Navigation Systems ◽  
Satellite Service ◽  
Precise Time

Abstract Unlike other satellite navigation systems such as GPS (Global Positioning System), the BeiDou satellite navigation system broadcasts RDSS (Radio Determination Satellite Service) and RNSS (Radio Navigation Satellite Service) signals simultaneously on its GEO (geostationary earth orbit) satellites and provides related navigation services. This paper studies the method of using the RDSS and RNSS signals of BeiDou to achieve accurate frequency and time transmission. We analyze the generation mechanism of RDSS signal and RNSS signal of BeiDou GEO satellite, establish a mathematical model of RDSS and RNSS signal frequency transfer, and derive an equation based on BeiDou’s RDSS and RNSS signals for accurate frequency and time transmission. We also verified the relevant performance of the method through computer simulation. The results show that the combination of RDSS and RNSS signals from the BeiDou satellite system provides a new solution for its application in precise time and frequency transmission. This method is different from other satellite navigation systems such as GPS and is unique to the BeiDou system, with high accuracy and low dependence on satellite orbit accuracy.

scholarly journals The Availability Of Automatic Identification System (AIS) Based On Latency Position Reports In The Gulf Of Gdansk

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Jaskólski
Keyword(s):  
Global Scale ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Integrated Navigation ◽  
Gulf Of Gdańsk ◽  
Integrated Navigation System ◽  
Navigation Data ◽  
Gulf Of Gdansk

AbstractThe problem of determining geographic position considered only in terms of measurement error, seems to be solved on a global scale. In view of the above, from the nineties, the operational characteristics of radio-navigation systems are equally important. The integrated navigation system operate in a multi-sensor environment and it is important to determinate a temporal validity of data to make it usable in data fusion process. In the age of digital data processing, the requirements for continuity, availability, reliability and integrity information are already grown. This article analyses the problem of time stamp discrepancies of dynamic position reports. For this purpose, the statistical summary of Latency Position Reports has been presented. The navigation data recordings were conducted during 30 days of March 2014 from 19 vessels located in area of Gulf of Gdansk. On the base of Latency Position Reports it is possible to designate the availability of AIS system.

The Clinical Boundaries of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick D. McGorry
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
The Third ◽  
Major Significance ◽  
Validity Indicators ◽  
Treatment Responses ◽  
Vantage Points ◽  
High Level

Three sets of clinical boundaries exist for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as for all concepts of psychiatric disorder. The first involves the border with normal psychology in general, and with the normal psychology of stress response in particular. This boundary can be surveyed from a number of vantage points and the maps which result will not necessarily correspond. The second boundary issue involves internal boundaries between psychiatric disorders, specifically between PTSD and other concepts of disorder. The high level of comorbidity documented in PTSD has ensured that this aspect of boundary setting is particularly contentious. The third set of boundaries is concerned with subtyping within the global construct of PTSD. The validity and extent of subtyping would be based on the degree to which phenomenological differences exist in relation to PTSD syndromes occurring in the wake of certain types of traumatic events. Such clinical subtyping might however need to be buttressed by external validity indicators such as differential treatment responses or outcome. A final boundary issue of major significance to therapists involves the need to place oneself unambiguously on the side of the trauma survivor in the struggle to resolve the traumatic experiences. The pivotal position of PTSD in the psychopathological arena is discussed.

A REVIEW OF THE PETROLEUM SEARCH SUBSIDY ACTS

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
L. W. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Performance Payments

THE FIRST of the Petroleum Search Subsidy Acts was introduced in 1957, when the level of petroleum exploration in Australia was very low. The types of operation eligible for subsidy, and the subsidy rates, have been altered from time to time in recognition of changing circumstances. The present Act is not to be extended and only covers operations which will be completed by 30 June 1974.The activity in various areas in Australia and Papua New Guinea has fluctuated during the period that the Acts have been in force. The early, relatively high, level of activity in Queensland was not maintained, and other areas, such as Western Australia, received increased attention. The percentage of subsidy funds going to operations in offshore areas has changed markedly. The Acts have provided assistance to petroleum exploration in Australia in several ways. In the early days of the Act, when little expertise on petroleum exploration was available in Australia, standards were set for the field operations and reporting, and the operations were closely supervised, ensuring a reasonable minimum standard of performance. Payments under the Act have assisted companies, particularly those with limited funds, to engage in exploration and have also encouraged all companies to explore in Australia by reducing the effective unit cost of exploration. The information which has become available through the operation of the Act has assisted exploration by enabling exploration decisions to be based on the results of most of the exploration which has been carried out in Australia.The Petroleum Search Subsidy Acts, which will cost a total of some 7150 million, have made a very useful and significant contribution to petroleum exploration in Australia and Papua New Guinea over a period of 17 years.

SATELLITE NAVIGATION SYSTEM MARKETING

2017 ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Ірина Борисівна Чичкало-Кондрацька ◽  
Вікторія Вікторівна Добрянська ◽  
Володимир Тарасович Мірошниченко
Keyword(s):  
Navigation System ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Satellite Navigation ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Launch Vehicles ◽  
Senior Lecturer ◽  
Satellite Navigation System ◽  
Satellite Navigation Systems

UDC 69.003:658.8  Chychkalo-Kondratska, D.Sc. (Economics),Professor.      V. Dobryanskaya,       PhD       (Technical),Associate Professor. V. Miroshnichenko, Senior Lecturer. Poltava National Technical Yurii Kondratyuk University. Satellite navigation system marketing. Satellite navigation system was developed as a defense project, but in recent decades, has formed a global market of users of satellite navigation systems, and manufacturers of navigational equipment. The article is devoted to analysis of market prospects by the European satellite navigation system Galileo. Conducted SWOT-analysis, allowed to conclude that the project «Galileo» has advantages and problems. The main problem is the complexity of creating a satellite constellation, because Europe does not have its own reliable and cheap launch vehicles. The solution may be the inclusion in the draft of Ukraine, who has processed technology of rocketry.   Keywords: marketing, the global market, investment project, satellite navigation systems, launch vehicles, SWOT-analysis, marketing of the project.

Satellite Positioning Methods

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidal Ashkenazi ◽  
Chris Hill
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Shift ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Satellite Navigation ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Similar System ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Satellite Navigation System ◽  
Satellite Positioning ◽  
Satellite Navigation Systems ◽  
Processing Techniques

In the previous chapter, positioning was examined from a historical perspective, recognizing that in many parts of the world, such data are not just useful, they are frequently the only data available. But in many areas, the case for extending the limits of the continental shelf will be dependent on the acquisition of new data, and for the most part, this will mean the use of satellite navigation systems. Therefore, this chapter deals in some detail with current and future satellite navigation and positioning systems. The first generation of satellite navigation systems used the principle of the Doppler shift of transmissions from satellites to provide measurements of a user's position. The Doppler shift of an emitted signal is related to the relative velocity between the source of the signal and the point at which it is received. The apparent frequency of the received signal is increased when the emitter is moving toward the receiver, and decreased when it is moving away. This phenomenon can often be observed in everyday situations, such as when a vehicle drives past a pedestrian. The pitch of the sound from the vehicle appears to drop as it passes the pedestrian, due to the transition from increased to decreased frequency of the sound. In satellite Doppler systems, measurements of the Doppler shift of signals from the satellites are combined with knowledge of the satellite's position and velocity (its ephemeris), to give an indication of the receiver's position. TRANSIT was the first operational satellite navigation system (see chapter 7). Data-processing techniques were developed which allowed a receiver to be located with respect to another at a known location, to an accuracy of the order of 1 m. TRANSIT ceased operation as a position and timing system at the end of 1996. A similar system to TRANSIT was developed by the Soviet Navy in 1965. The system, known as TSIKADA, is still operational today (2000). Since satellite Doppler systems rely on the accumulation of measurements over a period of time to provide a useful measure of a receiver's position, they could not be used as true real-time satellite navigation systems (see chapter 7).

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