An application and subsequent benefits of digitalisation to pipeline engineering using a 3D pipe-in-pipe bulkhead design project case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 641
Author(s):  
Nigel Lim ◽  
Lucas Lim
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Parallel Execution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Design Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
Detail Design ◽  
Edvard Grieg

Digitalisation of design processes is being rapidly accepted as a major step-change in engineering of pipelines and components. Incremental digitalisation of best engineering practice, analytical portions of industry codes and iterative optimisation tasks enable multiple advantages over typical project execution models. These include (a) maintaining flexibility throughout the design process to deal with changes particularly at critical interface points, (b) utilising computing power to drive an optimised solution, (c) cost and schedule advantages and (d) development of platforms to implement in future projects. These benefits are demonstrated by detailing an application of Genesis’s small-scale digitalisation strategy, as implemented on a pipe-in-pipe (PiP) bulkhead design in the Edvard Grieg Tie-Backs engineering, procurement, construction and installation development in the North Sea. The application of this strategy involved initial scoping and production of a design platform consisting of three Python modules. The platform enabled full parameterisation of a 3D end-bulkhead finite element analysis modelling process and post-processing criteria. The flexibility of this digitalisation strategy enabled simulations of (a) multiple material configurations, such as the application or removal of corrosion resistant cladding and (b) streamlined execution of highly iterative design processes. Through this platform, parallel execution of detail design and procurement was optimised, leading to achievement of material cost savings while minimising schedule and variation impact. This example of small-scale digitalisation establishes a philosophy for the future execution of PiP design and aligns both strategic and incremental steps towards a larger digitalisation initiative.

scholarly journals Ritual Economy and the Organization of Scioto Hopewell Craft Production: Insights from the Outskirts of the Mound City Group

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-304
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Everhart ◽  
Bret J. Ruby
Keyword(s):  
Craft Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Magnetic Survey ◽  
Middle Woodland ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Structures ◽  
Production Site ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Ritual Economy ◽  
City Group

This article offers insights into the organization of Scioto Hopewell craft production and examines the implications of this organization through the lens of ritual economy. We present a novel analysis of investigations at the North 40 site, concluding that it is a craft production site located on the outskirts of the renowned Mound City Group. High-resolution landscape-scale magnetic survey revealed a cluster of three large structures and two rows of associated pits; one of the buildings and three of the pits were sampled in excavations. Evidence from the North 40 site marks this as the best-documented Scioto Hopewell craft production site. Mica, chert, and copper were crafted here in contexts organized outside the realm of domestic household production and consumption. Other material remains from the site suggest that crafting was specialized and embedded in ceremonial contexts. This analysis of the complex organization of Scioto Hopewell craft production provides grounds for further understanding the elaborate ceremonialism practiced by Middle Woodland (AD 1–400) societies and adds to the known complexity of craft production in small-scale societies. Furthermore, this article contributes to a growing body of literature demonstrating the utility of ritual economy as a framework for approaching the sociality of small-scale societies.

scholarly journals Coulomb-actuated microbeams revisited: experimental and numerical modal decomposition of the saddle-node bifurcation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Melnikov ◽  
Hermann A. G. Schenk ◽  
Jorge M. Monsalve ◽  
Franziska Wall ◽  
Michael Stolz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Electrostatic Actuators ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Drive Voltage ◽  
Depth Analysis

AbstractElectrostatic micromechanical actuators have numerous applications in science and technology. In many applications, they are operated in a narrow frequency range close to resonance and at a drive voltage of low variation. Recently, new applications, such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) microspeakers (µSpeakers), have emerged that require operation over a wide frequency and dynamic range. Simulating the dynamic performance under such circumstances is still highly cumbersome. State-of-the-art finite element analysis struggles with pull-in instability and does not deliver the necessary information about unstable equilibrium states accordingly. Convincing lumped-parameter models amenable to direct physical interpretation are missing. This inhibits the indispensable in-depth analysis of the dynamic stability of such systems. In this paper, we take a major step towards mending the situation. By combining the finite element method (FEM) with an arc-length solver, we obtain the full bifurcation diagram for electrostatic actuators based on prismatic Euler-Bernoulli beams. A subsequent modal analysis then shows that within very narrow error margins, it is exclusively the lowest Euler-Bernoulli eigenmode that dominates the beam physics over the entire relevant drive voltage range. An experiment directly recording the deflection profile of a MEMS microbeam is performed and confirms the numerical findings with astonishing precision. This enables modeling the system using a single spatial degree of freedom.

scholarly journals Simulation of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Nanocomposites for Small Wind Turbine Blades

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Yasser Elhenawy ◽  
Yasser Fouad ◽  
Haykel Marouani ◽  
Mohamed Bassyouni
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes

This study aims to evaluate the effect of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the performance of glass fiber (GF)-reinforced polypropylene (PP) for wind turbine blades. Support for theoretical blade movement of horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs), simulation, and analysis were performed with the Ansys computer package to gain insight into the durability of polypropylene-chopped E-glass for application in turbine blades under aerodynamic, gravitational, and centrifugal loads. Typically, polymer nanocomposites are used for small-scale wind turbine systems, such as for residential applications. Mechanical and physical properties of material composites including tensile and melt flow indices were determined. Surface morphology of polypropylene-chopped E-glass fiber and functionalized MWCNTs nanocomposites showed good distribution of dispersed phase. The effect of fiber loading on the mechanical properties of the PP nanocomposites was investigated in order to obtain the optimum composite composition and processing conditions for manufacturing wind turbine blades. The results show that adding MWCNTs to glass fiber-reinforced PP composites has a substantial influence on deflection reduction and adding them to chopped-polypropylene E-glass has a significant effect on reducing the bias estimated by finite element analysis.

Study on Influences of Thickness of Flange of U Rib on Mechanical Behaviors of Orthotropic Monolithic Steel Bridge Deck System

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 122-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Deng Luo ◽  
Mei Xin Ye ◽  
Ye Zhi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Steel Bridges ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Steel Bridge ◽  
Mechanical Behaviors ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
High Speed Railway

Orthotropic monolithic steel bridge deck system stiffened by U rib is very fit for high-speed railway steel bridges because of its excellent mechanical behaviors. Thickness of flange is a very important parameter of U rib and has influence on mechanical behaviors of orthotropic monolithic steel bridge deck system. Based on the engineering practice of Anqing Yangtze River Railway Grand Bridge, the kind and the extents of influences of thickness of flange of U rib on mechanical behaviors of orthotropic monolithic steel bridge deck system are studied with finite element analysis. The results show that thickness of flange of U rib has relative large positive influences on rigidity, strength and stability of orthotropic monolithic steel bridge deck system. 14~18mm is the appropriate range of thickness of flange of U rib for high-speed railway steel bridges.

Some new results and current challenges in the finite element analysis of shells

Acta Numerica ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 215-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Chapelle
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Shell Theory ◽  
Shell Structures ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Shell Elements ◽  
Shell Models ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Shell Finite Element ◽  
Mathematical Analyses

This article, a companion to the article by Philippe G. Ciarlet on the mathematical modelling of shells also in this issue of Acta Numerica, focuses on numerical issues raised by the analysis of shells.Finite element procedures are widely used in engineering practice to analyse the behaviour of shell structures. However, the concept of ‘shell finite element’ is still somewhat fuzzy, as it may correspond to very different ideas and techniques in various actual implementations. In particular, a significant distinction can be made between shell elements that are obtained via the discretization of shell models, and shell elements – such as the general shell elements – derived from 3D formulations using some kinematic assumptions, without the use of any shell theory. Our first objective in this paper is to give a unified perspective of these two families of shell elements. This is expected to be very useful as it paves the way for further thorough mathematical analyses of shell elements. A particularly important motivation for this is the understanding and treatment of the deficiencies associated with the analysis of thin shells (among which is the locking phenomenon). We then survey these deficiencies, in the framework of the asymptotic behaviour of shell models. We conclude the article by giving some detailed guidelines to numerically assess the performance of shell finite elements when faced with these pathological phenomena, which is essential for the design of improved procedures.

Editorial

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Eva Cendon ◽  
John Butcher
Keyword(s):  
Further Education ◽  
University Education ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Widening Participation ◽  
The North ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
International Sector ◽  
The Uk

This general edition of the journal provides insights and results of research employing a wide range of approaches and perspectives on widening participation and lifelong learning. Studies from across the UK and international sector utilise different methodological approaches, and as such are particularly interesting, with diverse methods and ways of analysis, including phenomenographic, narrative, and thematic analysis. Overall, the articles range from exploratory case studies and small-scale research to wider range and broad scale studies, highlighting different facets and perspectives. Furthermore, the articles in this volume cover a broad spectrum of institutions and places involved in widening participation, with an emphasis on the (higher) education sector in the UK balanced by international perspectives. The first seven empirical articles are based on research activities in a secondary school, a youth centre, in further education colleges (usually focusing on post-compulsory secondary or pre-university education), in so-called post-92 universities (new(er) universities, formerly Polytechnics and teacher training colleges), and last but not least in a research intensive Russell Group university. They reported challenges from the specific local contexts of different regions in England, from the South (Chichester) to London to the North (Carlisle), and can usefully be framed in the context of international discussions appearing later in the journal.

Standardized Foundations Database for Combat Systems

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Harbison ◽  
W. Koon ◽  
V. Smith ◽  
P. Haymon ◽  
D. Niole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Ship Design ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Weapon Systems ◽  
System Requirements ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
The Cost

As a result of enhanced performance and mission requirements for Navy ships, ship design has dramatically increased the use of higher strength, lightweight steels and various local reinforcements, e.g., deck inserts, ring stiffeners, etc., in foundation designs to satisfy the design requirements for supporting machinery, consoles, and weapon systems among others. In additional to operational loading requirements, most of these foundations must also be designed to satisfy shock, vibration and other combat system requirements. While the same piece of equipment may be used in other ship contracts, the foundations are uniquely designed and require a separate analysis and drawing package. Computer modeling and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) have helped reduce the labor required to analyze foundations, but the high number of “unique” foundations as well as changes which necessitate a new analysis still create a large workload for engineers. This is further compounded by increased costs in production due to greater numbers of unique parts and materials that must be marked, stored, and retrieved later for fabrication. This goal of this project was to determine the cost-savings potential of leveraging past foundations work in designing, analyzing, and drawing foundations in the future. By the project’s conclusion Ingalls will have created a database for rapid access to previously-generated foundation information, the framework of which will be publicly available for all shipyards to populate with their own foundation information.

Toe Initiation Sleeve With Time-Delay Functionality Improves Operational Efficiency of Offshore NCS Wells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathrine Mehus ◽  
Vijay Kumar Keerthivasan ◽  
Tom Rune Koløy ◽  
Dustin Young ◽  
Tore Sørheim
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Delay Function ◽  
Operational Risks ◽  
The North ◽  
Test Pressure

Abstract A toe initiation sleeve is a tool installed in the toe of a completion liner and is used to establish a flowpath to the reservoir without the use of intervention. Conventional toe initiation sleeves require either intervention or increasing pressure to higher than the liner test pressure to activate. These methods have inherent cost and operational risks. This paper will present the development, qualification, and deployment of a multicycle, time-delay cementable toe initiation sleeve that allows for interventionless activation without exceeding the liner test pressure. This development greatly improves operational efficiency and eliminates risk associated with conventional toe initiation sleeves. A major operator in the North Sea required an ISO V0 rated toe initiation sleeve to be developed and qualified. Design criteria for the tool was identified, and the design was developed based on field-qualified seal technology. Individual component and full-scale validation testing was performed to complete the product qualification, followed by field trials in 2019. With its unique time-delay feature, the newly developed ATS (Advanced Toe Sleeve) allows for an unlimited number of pressure cycles to be performed while also keeping the well V0 barrier in place, and activates at below liner test pressure. This paper will discuss the technology development and implementation project, resulting in ISO 14998 V0-qualified cemented ATS being installed in nearly 40 wells in the same field. This paper will also provide insight into how the ATS provides unique benefits to the operator during various phases of the well's life. Cementing: One moving part and opening sleeve isolated from the inside diameter (ID) allow for pumping darts through the ATS without the risk of opening Setting liner/testing liner: Time-delay features allow for setting liner and testing the liner at higher pressures than ATS opening pressure. Well cleanup/displacing to lower density fluid: Time-delay function allows for opening the ATS at lower pressure than the well has seen during previous operations. Completion: ATS design and qualification grade reduce completion steps and costs for the operator. Stimulation: ATS eliminates the need for intervention, reducing the operational steps and costs for the operator. The advanced toe sleeve with built-in time-delay features maintains the liner integrity throughout the various well operations. The number of available pressure cycles can be predetermined, and the activation of the various cycles can be precisely controlled thereby also controlling when the tool is activated to achieve injectivity. This paper will present the development and field-wide implementation of the ATS technology, which has rapidly gained operator acceptance and resulted in significant time and cost savings.

Accuracy of Failure Criteria Commonly Used for Ship Collision Simulations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Villavicencio ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Kun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Impact Loads ◽  
Large Scatter ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Ship Collision ◽  
Double Hull

The paper summarises observations of the fracture response of small-scale double hull specimens subjected to quasi-static impact loads by means of simulations of the respective experiments. The collision scenarios are used to evaluate the discretisation of the finite element models, and the energy-responses given by various failure criteria commonly selected for collision assessments. Nine double hull specimens are considered in the analysis so that to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different failure criterion selected for the comparison. Since a large scatter is observed from the numerical results, a discussion on the reliability of finite element analysis is also provided based on the present study and other research works found in the literature.

scholarly journals Multi-Country Analysis on Energy Savings in Buildings by Means of a Micro-Solar Organic Rankine Cycle System: A Simulation Study

Environments ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Arteconi ◽  
Luca Del Zotto ◽  
Roberto Tascioni ◽  
Khamid Mahkamov ◽  
Chris Underwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
The North

In this paper, the smart management of buildings energy use by means of an innovative renewable micro-cogeneration system is investigated. The system consists of a concentrated linear Fresnel reflectors solar field coupled with a phase change material thermal energy storage tank and a 2 kWe/18 kWth organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system. The microsolar ORC was designed to supply both electricity and thermal energy demand to residential dwellings to reduce their primary energy use. In this analysis, the achievable energy and operational cost savings through the proposed plant with respect to traditional technologies (i.e., condensing boilers and electricity grid) were assessed by means of simulations. The influence of the climate and latitude of the installation was taken into account to assess the performance and the potential of such system across Europe and specifically in Spain, Italy, France, Germany, U.K., and Sweden. Results show that the proposed plant can satisfy about 80% of the overall energy demand of a 100 m2 dwelling in southern Europe, while the energy demand coverage drops to 34% in the worst scenario in northern Europe. The corresponding operational cost savings amount to 87% for a dwelling in the south and at 33% for one in the north.

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