Early engagement

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 644
Author(s):  
Jeremy Dunster
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Concept Selection ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Safety Cases ◽  
First Time ◽  
Formal Dialogue ◽  
Offshore Petroleum

In mid-2010, amendments to the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage (Safety) Regulations 2009 and the associated Levies Regulations provided, for the first time, a mechanism for operators of proposed facilities to enter formal dialogue with the regulator about the safety of a proposed facility early in its design. The amended provisions provided flexibility to the timing of agreeing to a scope of validation and the means for the regulator to recover the costs of assessing a submission made at this early stage. Since mid-2010, a number of operators have chosen to submit early engagement safety cases for assessment and feedback to manage regulatory risk. Such submissions have also provided the regulator with the opportunity to challenge the operator’s consideration of inherent safety principles at a point in the design of a facility when changes could be reasonably expected to be made. While the present arrangements have been welcomed by industry and the regulator alike, they do encompass a number of challenges. In particular, the application of existing provisions not appropriately focused on concept selection and design has required the use of suboptimal administrative arrangements. The National Offshore Petroleum Safety Authority (NOPSA) and the National Offshore Petroleum and Environmental Management Authority (NOPSEMA) have continued to work with the Department of Resources Energy and Tourism to ensure the regime includes more appropriately targeted provisions applicable to all proposed production facilities in the future. This extended abstract summarises the latest experiences and the view about where early engagement is headed in pursuit of a safer Australian offshore petroleum industry.

Carbon capture and storage—deelopments in Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Stuart Barrymore ◽  
Ann-Maree Mathison
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Offshore Petroleum

Legal and non-legal developments in the carbon capture and storage (CCS) arena continue to gain momentum in Australia. On 22 November 2008 the Offshore Petroleum Amendment (Greenhouse Gas Storage) Act 2008 (Cth) (GGS Amendments) came into force. The GGS Amendments follow the amendment in February 2007 of the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 1972 and 1996 Protocol Thereto (London Protocol) which allows the storage of carbon dioxide under the seabed. The GGS Amendments amend the Offshore Petroleum Act 2006 (Cth) (OPA), which has now been renamed the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006 (Cth) (Act), to establish a system of offshore titles that authorises the transportation, injection and storage of greenhouse gas (GHG) substances in geological formations under the seabed and manage the inevitable interaction with the offshore petroleum industry. In addition, the States of Queensland and Victoria have now enacted onshore CCS legislation. In September 2008, the Federal Government announced $100 million in funding for an Australian Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute (AGCCSI), which will be an international hub for co-ordinating public and private sector funding of CCS research projects and will provide international policy and management oversight. The AGCCSI was formally launched on 16 April 2009. The goal of the AGCCSI is to deliver at least 20 commercial scale CCS plants around the world by 2020. There are numerous examples in Australia and internationally of CCS pilot projects underway with the goal of deploying CCS on a commercial scale. The Callide Oxyfuel Project in Central Queensland that began construction recently will retrofit an existing coal fired power station with a CCS facility, with plans for the oxyfuel boiler to be operational in the Callide A power plant by 2011.

SAFETY IN THE OFFSHORE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY: THE NEW REGIME

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Glenn Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Work Place ◽  
System Control ◽  
Guidance Document ◽  
Safety Case ◽  
Safety Cases ◽  
Offshore Petroleum

Following the recommendations of the UK Cullen and COSOP reports, a new regulatory and operational safety regime is being introduced across Australian territorial waters for the offshore petroleum industry. This paper details the concepts behind the new regime including the development and implementation strategies employed to introduce it and the implications to industry and government instrumentalities. The recognition that safety in the work place is an outcome of managerial commitment and a function of work system control is resulting in legislative reforms that will reduce the focus on physical compliance, in favour of a goal-setting legislative approach that places emphasis on systems of managing safety at the work place. By focussing upon ends rather than means, objective based regulation requires organisations to manage the design, construction and operation of facilities to reduce risk to a 'reasonably practicable level*. The details of the management arrangements and risk assessment studies once submitted in a 'safety case' and acknowledged by the regulator, form a co-regulatory guidance document that sets both the standards to be achieved and the mechanism for achieving them. Auditing of the operator against an accepted safety case will occur on a regular basis. Driven by measurement of an operator's safety performance, selected systems will be targeted and audited against the safety case by a team of auditors composed of both government inspectors and operator personnel. Performance measures will be both proactive and reactive in nature and include among other measures, results obtained through the newly created national data base for incidents and accidents. Preparation and assessment of safety cases provides regulators and operators alike with difficulties. Consistency of assessment and objective determination that acceptable minimum standards have been met provide a challenge to government agencies and to the petroleum industry. Recognition of the nature of this challenge has led to the adoption of Quality Management principles among government utilities. A key feature of the Quality Management System will be the introduction of systems that drive change through cyclic updates of the safety case assessment procedures.The safety case concept institutionalises a dialogue between regulator and operator that will facilitate the preparation, submission and assessment of the safety case. This initiative provides for a staged submission process to correspond to the development phase of the facility. It is considered that this methodology will ensure minimal delays in assessment and provide certainty in the business planning process. The new safety case regime provides for a greater level of employee participation both in the preparation of safety cases and the maintenance of safety at the work place. Transparency of approach by both operators and regulators will be needed if public and workforce confidence are to be maintained. Co-operation and continual improvement will hopefully be the hall mark of the Australian safety case regime.

FACES OF V.M. SHUKSHIN: MARTIN IDEN, HAMLET, STEPAN RAZIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Т.А. Богумил
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Socialist Realism ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Cluster Approach ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Early Departure ◽  
First Time

В статье предлагается концепция жизни и творческого роста В.М. Шукшина сквозь призму тезаурусного и кластерного подходов. Объяснительными «персональными моделями» для интерпретации биографического текста писателя являются кластеры Мартина Идена, Гамлета и Степана Разина. Ранее биографы и литературоведы указывали на важность этих персон для Шукшина, но разрозненно. Впервые предпринята попытка свести указанные персональные модели воедино, в целостный сюжет становления писателя в пространстве культуры. На разных этапах эволюции автора доминирует одна из указанных моделей, последовательно сменяя друг друга, но не вытесняя, а «внахлест». Ранний этап творчества, ориентированный на стратегию Мартина Идена, является попыткой «вписаться» в наличный культурный мейнстрим. Выражено это в следовании поэтике соцреализма. Второй этап подспудно начинается с реабилитации отца Шукшина в 1956 года, когда актуализируется «гамлетовский комплекс», проявляющийся в чувстве вины перед отцом, через стратегию утаивания подлинного «я», мотивы чудаковатости. Третий этап связан с личностью реального исторического лица, Степана Разина, и выражается в открытом протесте против власти. Все важные для В.М. Шукшина поведенческие модели объединены мотивом одинокого противостояния враждебному социуму и имеют трагический финал, что обусловило ранний уход писателя и порождение мифов о насильственном характере его смерти. В.М. Шукшин одновременно был фигурой неординарной и типичной, что позволило его биографии стать «персональной моделью» для последующих авторов, выходцев из сельской глубинки. The article proposes the concept of life and creative growth of V.M. Shukshin through the prism of the thesaurus and cluster approach. The explanatory "personal models" for interpreting the biographical text of the writer are clusters of Martin Eden, Hamlet and Stepan Razin. Earlier, biographers and literary critics pointed out the importance of these people for Shukshin, but it was scattered. For the first time, an attempt was made to bring these personal models together into an integral plot of the formation of the writer in the space of culture. At different stages of the writer’s evolution, one of these models dominates, successively replacing each other, but not crowding out, but “overlapping”. The early stage of creativity, focused on Martin Eden’s strategy, is an attempt to “fit in” the current cultural mainstream. This is expressed in following the poetics of socialist realism. The second stage implicitly begins with the rehabilitation of Shukshin’s father in 1956, when the “Hamletian complex” is actualized. It is manifested in a sense of guilt towards his father, the strategy of concealing the true “I”, eccentricities. The third stage is connected with the personality of a real historical person, Stepan Razin, and is expressed in an open protest against the authorities. All important for V.M. Shukshin's behavioral models are united by the motive of a lonely confrontation with a hostile society and have a tragic ending, which led to the early departure of the writer and the generation of myths about the violent nature of his death. V.M. Shukshin was an extraordinary and typical figure at the same time. That allowed his biography to become a “personal model” for subsequent authors who came from the rural outback.

scholarly journals Defining the early stages of intestinal colonisation by whipworms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
María A. Duque-Correa ◽  
David Goulding ◽  
Claire Cormie ◽  
Catherine Sharpe ◽  
Judit Gali Moya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Multiple Cells ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTHundreds of millions of people are infected with whipworms (Trichuris trichiura), large metazoan parasites that live in the caecum and proximal colon. Whipworms inhabit distinct multi-intracellular epithelial burrows that have been described as syncytial tunnels. However, the interactions between first-stage (L1) larvae and the host epithelia that determine parasite invasion and establishment in the syncytium remain unclear. In vivo experiments investigating these events have been severely hampered by the limited in situ accessibility to intracellular infective larvae at the bottom of the crypts of Lieberkühn, and the lack of genetic tools such as fluorescent organisms that are readily available for other pathogens but not parasitic nematodes. Moreover, cell lines, which do not mimic the complexity of the intestinal epithelium, have been unsuccessful in supporting infection by whipworm larvae. Here, we show that caecaloids grown in an open crypt-like conformation recapitulate the caecal epithelium. Using this system, we establish in vitro infections with T. muris L1 larvae for the first-time, and provide clear evidence that syncytial tunnels are formed at this early stage. We show that larval whipworms are completely intracellular but woven through multiple cells. Using the caecaloids, we are able to visualise the pathways taken by the larvae as they burrow through the epithelial cells. We also demonstrate that larvae degrade the mucus layers overlaying the epithelium, enabling them to access the cells below. We show that early syncytial tunnels are composed of enterocytes and goblet cells that are alive and actively interacting with the larvae during the first 24 h of the infection. Progression of infection results in damage to host cells and by 72 h post-infection, we show that desmosomes of cells from infected epithelium widen and some host cells appear to become liquified. Collectively, our work unravels processes mediating the intestinal epithelium invasion by whipworms and reveals new specific interactions between the host and the parasite that allow the whipworm to establish on its multi-intracellular niche. Our study demonstrates that caecaloids can be used as a relevant in vitro model to investigate the infection biology of T. muris during the early colonisation of its host.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Non‐nucleophilic Mg Electrolytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qijie Wu ◽  
Kewei Shu ◽  
Lili Sun ◽  
Haihua Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Short Review ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Ion Structure ◽  
Recent Advances

High-performance electrolyte is still a roadblock for the development of rechargeable magnesium (Mg) batteries. Grignard-type electrolytes were once the only choice in the early stage of rechargeable Mg batteries research. However, due to their nucleophilic nature and high reactivity, Grignard-type electrolytes have inherent safety issues and low oxidation stability, which restrict the development of rechargeable Mg batteries in terms of practical application. Recently, emerging novel Mg battery systems such as Mg-S, Mg-O2/air batteries also require non‐nucleophilic electrolytes with high oxidation stability. This short review summarizes recent advances in non‐nucleophilic Mg electrolytes and aims to provide insights into electrochemical properties and active Mg ion structure of such electrolytes.

Development of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance during the early stage of weight gain

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (3) ◽  
pp. E568-E575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Erdmann ◽  
Bianca Kallabis ◽  
Ulrich Oppel ◽  
Oleg Sypchenko ◽  
Stefan Wagenpfeil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Hyperglycemic Clamp ◽  
First Time

Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, which is considered to be a core component in the pathophysiology of obesity-related comorbidities. As yet it is unknown whether insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia already develop during weight gain within the normal range. In 10 healthy male subjects the effect of intentional weight gain by 2 BMI points was examined on insulin. C-peptide and glucose levels following a meal, 75 g of glucose, and a two-step hyperglycemic clamp increased plasma glucose by 1.38 and 2.75 mmol/l, respectively. Baseline insulin, C-peptide, and glucose concentrations were significantly higher after weight gain from 21.8 to 23.8 kg/m2 BMI within 41/2 mo. Calculations of insulin secretion and clearance indicate that reduced insulin clearance contributes more to post-weight gain basal hyperinsulinemia than insulin secretion. Following oral or intravenous stimulation insulin concentrations were significantly higher post-weight gain during all three test conditions, whereas C-peptide and glucose levels did not differ. Calculations of insulin secretion and clearance demonstrated that higher stimulated insulin concentrations are entirely due to clearance but not secretion. Despite significantly higher insulin levels, the rate of intravenous glucose required to maintain the defined elevation of glucose levels was either identical (1.38 mmol/l) or even significantly lower (2.75 mmol/l) following weight gain. The present study demonstrates for the first time that insulin resistance already develops during weight gain within the normal range of body weight. The associated basal and stimulated hyperinsulinemia is the result of differentiated changes of insulin secretion and clearance, respectively.

Offshore Vessels and Their Unique Applications for the Systems Designer

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (01) ◽  
pp. 43-76
Author(s):  
Paul R. Geiger ◽  
Calvin V. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
The Self ◽  
Surface Type ◽  
Distinct Category ◽  
Marine Engineer ◽  
Marine Engineering ◽  
Electrical Components ◽  
Marine Vessels ◽  
Jack Up ◽  
Offshore Petroleum

Offshore vessels are industrial vessels primarily utilized in the offshore petroleum industry for exploration or exploitation of subsea resources. The most common types of offshore vessels in use today are the column-stabilized semisubmersible unit, the self-elevating or jack-up unit, and surface-type units such as the drillship and barge. In the truest sense, whether they are operational afloat, as are the semisubmersible, drillship and barge, or operational while bottom supported, as is the jack-up, due to their mobility they are marine vessels with systems nominally the same as conventional ships. Due to their mission requirements, however, their systems have features that are unique when analyzed by the traditional marine engineer, and although these vessels contain mechanical and electrical components similar to those used in conventional ships, they serve different systems and have unique applications. This paper discusses the major marine engineering aspects of mobile offshore vessels that are unique and which have made them a distinct category of marine vessel.

Is Australia Prepared for the Decommissioning Challenge? A Regulator's Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Christensen ◽  
Andrew Re
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Independent Expert ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Petroleum

Abstract The National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority (NOPSEMA) is Australia's independent expert regulator for health and safety, structural (well) integrity and environmental management for all offshore oil and gas operations and greenhouse gas storage activities in Australian waters, and in coastal waters where regulatory powers and functions have been conferred. The Australian offshore petroleum industry has been in operation since the early 1960s and currently has approximately 57 platforms, 11 floating facilities, 3,500km of pipelines and 1000 wells in operation. Many offshore facilities are now approaching the end of their operational lives and it is estimated that over the next 50 years decommissioning of this infrastructure will cost more than US$40.5 billion. Decommissioning is a normal and inevitable stage in the lifetime of an offshore petroleum project that should be planned from the outset and matured throughout the life of operations. While only a few facilities have been decommissioned in Australian waters, most of Australia's offshore infrastructure is now more than 20 years old and entering a phase where they require extra attention and close maintenance prior to decommissioning. When the NOGA group of companies entered liquidation in 2020 and the Australian Government took control of decommissioning the Laminaria and Corallina field development it became evident that there were some fundamental gaps in relation to decommissioning in the Australian offshore petroleum industry. There are two key focus areas that require attention. Firstly, regulatory reform including policy change and modification to regulatory practice. Secondly, the development of visible and robust decommissioning plans by Industry titleholders. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance and benefit of adopting good practice when planning for decommissioning throughout the life cycle of a petroleum project. Whilst not insurmountable, the closing of these gaps will ensure that Australia is well placed to deal with the decommissioning challenge facing the industry in the next 50 years.

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