The effect of surface profile on the sand erosion of aluminium

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Wong ◽  
Lachlan Graham ◽  
Anthony Swallow ◽  
Chris Solnordal ◽  
Jie Wu
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Abrasive Particles ◽  
Erosion Depth ◽  
Sand Surface ◽  
Sand Erosion

Management and prediction of sand erosion on oil and gas equipment are important for the safety, reliability and maintenance of the production facility. Prediction of sand erosion is not a trivial task as it requires an understanding of the fluid flow-field, movement of abrasive particles in this flow-field and their subsequent impact on the target material surface. It is reasonable to assume that once sand erosion occurs on a surface, the rate of erosion would be constant. This is not always the case since the surface topography may change over time. An experiment investigating the sand erosion of a hole centred in a rectangular aluminium plate was designed to explore this phenomenon. The sample was subject to erosion by two 50 kg batches of sand; surface profiles of the hole were measured after each batch. The results suggest that a pre-eroded surface has an increased change of erosion depth compared with a new surface. As erosion progresses, the geometry of the sample alters and, depending on location, the change of erosion depth, relative to the previously eroded profile, on the sample surface varied from -30-50%; slight material build-up occurred on the inner face of the hole due to extrusion processes during erosion.

Numerical Analyses of the Effects of Bend Orientation on Sand Erosion in Elbows for Annular Flow

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Kang ◽  
Haixiao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Particle Model ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reservoir ◽  
Sand Erosion ◽  
Sand Particles

Abstract Sand erosion is a severe problem during the transportation of oil and gas in pipelines. The technology of multiphase transportation is widely applied in production, due to its high efficiency and low cost. Among various multiphase flow patterns, annular flow is a common flow pattern in the transportation process. During the transportation of oil and gas from the hydrocarbon reservoir to the final destination, the flow direction of the mixture in pipelines is mainly changed by the bend orientation. The bend orientation obviously changes the distributions of the liquid film and sand particles in annular flow, and this would further affect the sand erosion in elbows. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is an efficient tool to investigate the issues of sand erosion in multiphase flow. In the present work, a CFD-based numerical model is adopted to analyze the effects of bend orientation on sand erosion in elbows for annular flow. Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is adopted to simulate the flow field of annular flow, and sand particles in the flow field are tracked by employing Discrete Particle Model (DPM) simultaneously. Then, the particle impingement information is combined with the erosion model to obtain the maximum erosion ratio. The present numerical model is validated by experiments conducted in vertical-horizontal upward elbows. Finally, the effects of various bend orientations on the erosion magnitude are investigated according to the numerical simulations.

scholarly journals The Surface Condition of Ni-Cr after SiC Abrasive Blasting for Applications in Ceramic Restorations

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5824
Author(s):  
Weronika Czepułkowska-Pawlak ◽  
Emilia Wołowiec-Korecka ◽  
Leszek Klimek
Keyword(s):  
Surface Condition ◽  
Abrasive Particle ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Abrasive Particles ◽  
Dental Restorations ◽  
Large Width ◽  
Ceramic Restorations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Abrasive Size ◽  
Abrasive Blasting

Abrasive blasting is a process widely used in dentistry. One of the uses is the development of metal surfaces for connections with ceramics in fixed prosthetic restorations. The purpose of this paper was to check how the rough surface profile (width, height, and depth on unevenness) impacts the surface’s condition, like its wettability and percentage of stuck abrasives. The Ni-Cr alloy surface was abrasive blasted by silicon carbide with the various pressure parameters (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 MPa) and abrasive particle sizes (50, 110, and 250 µm). Cleaned surfaces were examined for roughness, wettability, and percentage of stuck abrasive particles on the surface. The surface after abrasive blasting using 110 µm of abrasive size and 0.4 MPa pressure has the best wettability results. The width of unevenness may cause it. When the unevenness has too small or too large width and depth, the fluids may not cover the entire cavities because of locking the air. The surface condition of dental alloys directly affects metal–ceramic connection strength. The knowledge about the impact of the abrasive blasting parameters on the bond strength will allow one to create durable dental restorations.

scholarly journals A reduced-complexity model for river delta formation – Part 1: Modeling deltas with channel dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Liang ◽  
V. R. Voller ◽  
C. Paola
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Suspended Sediment Transport ◽  
Channel Dynamics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Delta Formation ◽  
Reduced Complexity

Abstract. In this work we develop a reduced-complexity model (RCM) for river delta formation (referred to as DeltaRCM in the following). It is a rule-based cellular morphodynamic model, in contrast to reductionist models based on detailed computational fluid dynamics. The basic framework of this model (DeltaRCM) consists of stochastic parcel-based cellular routing schemes for water and sediment and a set of phenomenological rules for sediment deposition and erosion. The outputs of the model include a depth-averaged flow field, water surface elevation and bed topography that evolve in time. Results show that DeltaRCM is able (1) to resolve a wide range of channel dynamics – including elongation, bifurcation, avulsion and migration – and (2) to produce a variety of deltas such as alluvial fan deltas and deltas with multiple orders of bifurcations. We also demonstrate a simple stratigraphy recording component which tracks the distribution of coarse and fine materials and the age of the deposits. Essential processes that must be included in reduced-complexity delta models include a depth-averaged flow field that guides sediment transport a nontrivial water surface profile that accounts for backwater effects at least in the main channels, both bedload and suspended sediment transport, and topographic steering of sediment transport.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN STEEL GRIT G25 PADA SANDBLASTING BAJA KARBON RENDAH JIS-G3101-SS400

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muslimin Muslimin ◽  
Azam Milah Muhamad
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Abrasive Material ◽  
Abrasive Particles ◽  
Fixed Parameter

ABSTRACTSandblasting is an abrasive particles shooting to material surface for cleaning dust, paint, and rust, along as increasing material surface structure quality for coating, painting and other adhesive process. Al2O3 and steel grit are the most abrasive particles used in this process. Al2O3 is reusable particle inspite of more expensive and producing more dust. On the other hand, steel grit is cheaper and producing less dust. This article focuses on the use of the new and the reused steel grit G25 in sandblasting process of construction material low carbon steel. The objective is to study the effect of the new and reused abrasive material steel grit in sandblasting process on the surface quality. The methods of this experiments are comparing the surface quality of sandblasting process of new and once reused steel grit G25 using the same experimental parameters. Fixed parameter in this experiment is the nozzle pressure, 5 bar, while the independent variables are process distance (15 cm, 25 cm, and 30 cm) and the process time (25 s, 45 s, 120 s). Testing analyses in this experiments are roughness test ASTM D7127-13 and coating thickness test ASTM D-7091. Result of the experiment are coating thickness result are the highest 120 μm and the least 94,14 μm for the new steel grit, while 89,88 μm and 58,58 μm the highest and least for the once used steel grit. Highest roughness result for the new steel grit are 21,4 μm and once used steel grit 17,8 μm, while the least rough are 18,1 μm for the new steel grit and 3, 452 μm for once used steel grit. The once used steel grit G25 still can be accepted as abrasive material in sandblasting process but with less good quality than the new one.Key words :sandblasting, new steel grit G25, new steel grit G25, surface roughness.ABSTRAKSandblasting adalah suatu proses penembakan partikel abrasif ke suatu permukaan untuk membersihkan debu, cat, dan karat, dan membuat tekstur permukaan material agar lapisan pelindung dapat menempel lebih baik. Partikel abrasif yang banyak digunakan dalam proses sandblasting adalah Al2O3 dan steel grit. Partikel Al2O3 memiliki ketahanan abrasive yang tinggi, tetapi harganya lebih mahal dan menghasilkan debu proses lebih banyak. Sedangkan, steel grit harganya lebih murah dan sedikit menghasilkan debu proses. Penelitian ini berfokus pada penggunaan material abrasif steel grit G25 baru dan pemakaian ulang untuk proses sandblasting baja karbon rendah untuk material konstruksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh penggunaan steel grit G25 dan penggunaan ulangnya terhadap kualitas permukaan hasil sandblasting.Metode yang digunakan, yaitu dengan membandingkan hasil proses sandblasting dengan partikel steel grit G25 baru dan partikel steel grit G25 pemakaian ulang (1 kali pemakaian) dalam parameter uji yang sama. Parameter tetap yang digunakan yaitu tekanan nozzle sebesar 5 bar, sedangkan variabel bebasnya yaitu jarak (15 cm, 25 cm, dan 30 cm) dan waktu penembakkan (25 detik, 45 detik, dan 120 detik). Analisis pengujian yang digunakan adalah uji kekasaran ASTM D7127-13 dan uji ketebalan cat ASTM D7091. Nilai ketebalan cat tertinggi steel grit baru 120 μm, steel grit ulang 89,88 μm, dan terendah steel grit baru 94,14 μm, steel grit ulang 58,58 μm. Nilai kekasaran tertinggi steel grit baru 21,4 μm, steel grit ulang 17,8 μm, dan terendah steel grit baru 18,1 μm, steel grit ulang 3,452 μm. Penggunaan steel grit G25 penggunaan baru lebih baik dibandingkan dengan penggunaan ulangnya, dengan hasil pengujian steel grit baru yang lebih tinggi dengan penggunaan ulang.Katakunsi : sandblasting, steel grit G25 baru, Steel grit G25 sekali pakai, kekasaran permukaan.

Study of the effect of test parameters on the assessment of steel resistance to carbon dioxide corrosion

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
A. S. Fedorov ◽  
E. L. Alekseeva ◽  
A. A. Alkhimenko ◽  
N. O. Shaposhnikov ◽  
M. A. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Corrosion ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility

Carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion is one of the most dangerous types of destruction of metal products in the oil and gas industry. The field steel pipelines and tubing run the highest risk. Laboratory tests are carried out to assess the resistance of steels to carbon dioxide corrosion. However, unified requirements for certain test parameters are currently absent in the regulatory documentation. We present the results of studying the effect of the parameters of laboratory tests on the assessment of the resistance of steels to CO2 corrosion. It is shown that change in the parameters of CO2 concentration, chemical composition of the water/brine system, the buffer properties and pH, the roughness of the sample surface, etc., even in the framework of the same laboratory technique, can lead in different test results. The main contribution to the repeatability and reproducibility of test results is made by the concentration of CO2, pH of the water/brine system, and surface roughness of the samples. The results obtained can be used in developing recommendations for the choice of test parameters to ensure a satisfactory convergence of the results gained in different laboratories, as well as in elaborating of a unified method for assessing the resistance of steels to carbon dioxide corrosion.

Profile Measurement by Using a Femtosecond Laser Chromatic Confocal Probe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Sato ◽  
Yuki Shimizu ◽  
Hiraku Matsukuma ◽  
Wei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Profile Measurement ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Chromatic Confocal Probe ◽  
Surface Profile Measurement

Abstract Confocal probes are widely employed in many industrial fields due to the depth-sectioning effect. The author’s group has also proposed a chromatic confocal probe employing a mode-locked femtosecond laser source which can realize an axial resolution of 30 nm and a measurement range of 40 μm Efforts have also been made to improve the thermal stability of the developed femtosecond laser chromatic confocal probe so that the probe can be applied for long-term displacement measurement or surface profile measurement. Meanwhile, surface profile measurement has not been carried out by using the developed femtosecond laser chromatic confocal probe. For the verification of the performance of developed probe in profile measurement, in this paper, an experimental setup is built and a basic experiment is carried out. By using the probe with further improved thermal stability, the measurement of a sample surface profile is carried out. In this paper, the development of the experimental setup with the femtosecond laser chromatic confocal probe, as well as the results of the surface profile measurements, is presented.

Numerical Simulation of Sand Erosion Phenomena in Square-Section 90 Degree Bend With Linear/Nonlinear RANS Turbulence Models

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaya Suzuki ◽  
Kazuaki Inaba ◽  
Makoto Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Secondary Flow ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Streamline Curvature ◽  
Sand Erosion ◽  
Rans Turbulence Models ◽  
Wall Deformation ◽  
Bend Flow

Sand erosion is a phenomenon where solid particles impinging to a wall cause serious mechanical damages to the wall surface. This phenomenon is a typical gas-particle two-phase turbulent flow and a multi-physics problem where the flow field, particle trajectory and wall deformation interact with among others. On the other hand, the sand erosion is a serious problem to install pneumatic conveying systems for handling abrasive materials. Incidentally, the bend erosion is typical target of sand erosion experiments and is useful for verification of numerical simulations. Although, the secondary flow which occurs in such a flow field including streamline curvature cannot be reproduced by the standard k-ε model. To predict this flow field, a more universal model which can estimate anisotropic Reynolds stress is required. In the present study, we simulate sand erosion of 90 degree bend with a square cross-section. We use some linear/nonlinear turbulence models to predict the secondary flow of the bend. Besides, the performance of each model to predict clear/eroded bend flow field is studied.

Integrated Similarity Criteria of Particle Erosion in Elbows Under Gas and Gas-Mist Flow Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyang Liu ◽  
Liming Hu
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Similarity Criterion ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Similarity Criteria ◽  
Particle Erosion ◽  
Oil And Gas Production

Abstract Solid particle erosion has been a long-standing concern in oil-and-gas production and transportation systems, particularly in elbows of pipelines. Since it is difficult to exactly reproduce field conditions in the laboratory to study erosion, it is necessary to develop similarity criteria which ensure that lab results are representative of field conditions. Building on a previous work by the authors on similarity criteria that cover flow-field properties and particle-following behavior in gas and gas-mist flows, this work adds a similarity criterion for particle-rebounding and target material hardness. This new expanded set of criteria is validated using computational fluid dynamics by mapping five classic model tests to field cases—at different pipe diameters and pressures, with duplex stainless steel as the target material—and then comparing dimensionless maximum penetration rates and their angular locations. The analysis of errors demonstrates that the proposed criteria perform well in mapping laboratory data to field conditions.

Erosion of Elbows in Oil and Gas Production Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 479-481 ◽  
pp. 1129-1132
Author(s):  
Wang Ming Bo
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Sand Erosion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Erosion Mechanisms ◽  
Definitive Methods

This paper gives an overview of erosion mechanisms in elbows in oil and gas production systems. The nature of the erosion process itself makes it very difficult to develop some definitive methods or models to prevent or predict the erosion in elbows in all conditions. This paper provides a review of the subject which will help petroleum engineers to handle the erosion problems in oil and gas industry. This review is given of different erosion mechanisms connected with sand erosion and the factors that influence them, and then the review goes on to look at particulate erosion in elbows in more details. Conclusions are then drawn based on the above analyses.

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