Evaluation of the regional top seal in the Gippsland Basin: implications for geological carbon storage and hydrocarbon prospectivity

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Goldie Divko ◽  
Geoffrey O'Brien ◽  
Michael Harrison ◽  
Joseph Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Seal Failure ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Gas Chimneys ◽  
Gippsland Basin

GeoScience Victoria and partners have undertaken the first detailed basin-wide study of the regional top seal in the Gippsland Basin. The Gippsland Basin is an attractive site for geological carbon storage (GCS) because of the close proximity to emission sources and the potential for large-scale storage projects. This top seal assessment involved the analysis of seal attributes (geometry, capacity and mineralogy) and empirical evidence for seal failure (soil gas geochemical anomalies, gas chimneys, hydrocarbon seepage and oil slicks). These datasets have been integrated to produce a qualitative evaluation of the containment potential for GCS, and also hydrocarbons, across the basin. Mineralogical analysis of the top seal has revealed that the Lakes Entrance Formation is principally a smectite-rich claystone. The geometry of the top seal is consistent with deposition in an early post-rift setting where marine sediments filled palaeo-topographic lows. The seal thickness and depth to seal base are greatest in the Central Deep and decrease toward the margins. There is a strong positive relationship between seal capacity column heights, seal thickness, depth to seal base and smectite content. At greater burial depths (below 700 m) and where smectite content is greater than 70%, seal capacity is increased (supportable column heights above 150 m). Natural hydrocarbon leakage and seepage onshore and offshore is correlated with fault distribution and areas of poor seal capacity. This study provides a framework for qualitatively evaluating seal potential at a basin scale. It has shown that the potential of the regional top seal over the Central Deep, Southern Terrace, central eastern Lake Wellington Depression and the southern to central near shore areas in the Seaspray Depression are most suitable for the containment of supercritical CO2. Further toward the margin of the regional seal in both onshore and offshore areas, containment of supercritical CO2 is less likely.

Structural style of the White Pointer and Hammerhead Delta—deepwater fold-thrust belts, Bight Basin, Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin MacDonald ◽  
Rosalind King ◽  
Richard Hillis ◽  
Guillaume Backé
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Seal Failure ◽  
Structural Style ◽  
Thrust Belts ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Gas Chimneys ◽  
Gippsland Basin

GeoScience Victoria and partners have undertaken the first detailed basin-wide study of the regional top seal in the Gippsland Basin. The Gippsland Basin is an attractive site for geological carbon storage (GCS) because of the close proximity to emission sources and the potential for large-scale storage projects. This top seal assessment involved the analysis of seal attributes (geometry, capacity and mineralogy) and empirical evidence for seal failure (soil gas geochemical anomalies, gas chimneys, hydrocarbon seepage and oil slicks). These datasets have been integrated to produce a qualitative evaluation of the containment potential for GCS, and also hydrocarbons, across the basin. Mineralogical analysis of the top seal has revealed that the Lakes Entrance Formation is principally a smectite-rich claystone. The geometry of the top seal is consistent with deposition in an early post-rift setting where marine sediments filled palaeo-topographic lows. The seal thickness and depth to seal base are greatest in the Central Deep and decrease toward the margins. There is a strong positive relationship between seal capacity column heights, seal thickness, depth to seal base and smectite content. At greater burial depths (below 700 m) and where smectite content is greater than 70%, seal capacity is increased (supportable column heights above 150 m). Natural hydrocarbon leakage and seepage onshore and offshore is correlated with fault distribution and areas of poor seal capacity. This study provides a framework for qualitatively evaluating seal potential at a basin scale. It has shown that the potential of the regional top seal over the Central Deep, Southern Terrace, central eastern Lake Wellington Depression and the southern to central near shore areas in the Seaspray Depression are most suitable for the containment of supercritical CO2. Further toward the margin of the regional seal in both onshore and offshore areas, containment of supercritical CO2 is less likely.

scholarly journals A synthesis of marine sediment core δ<sup>13</sup>C data over the last 150 000 years

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. C. Oliver ◽  
B. A. A. Hoogakker ◽  
S. Crowhurst ◽  
G. M. Henderson ◽  
R. E. M. Rickaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Basin Scale

Abstract. The isotopic composition of carbon, δ13C, in seawater is used in reconstructions of ocean circulation, marine productivity, air-sea gas exchange, and biosphere carbon storage. Here, a synthesis of δ13C measurements taken from foraminifera in marine sediment cores over the last 150 000 years is presented. The dataset comprises previously published and unpublished data from benthic and planktonic records throughout the global ocean. Data are placed on a common δ18O age scale suitable for examining orbital timescale variability but not millennial events, which are removed by a 10 ka filter. Error estimates account for the resolution and scatter of the original data, and uncertainty in the relationship between δ13C of calcite and of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in seawater. This will assist comparison with δ13C of DIC output from models, which can be further improved using model outputs such as temperature, DIC concentration, and alkalinity to improve estimates of fractionation during calcite formation. High global deep ocean δ13C, indicating isotopically heavy carbon, is obtained during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 1, 3, 5a, c and e, and low δ13C during MIS 2, 4 and 6, which are temperature minima, with larger amplitude variability in the Atlantic Ocean than the Pacific Ocean. This is likely to result from changes in biosphere carbon storage, modulated by changes in ocean circulation, productivity, and air-sea gas exchange. The North Atlantic vertical δ13C gradient is greater during temperature minima than temperature maxima, attributed to changes in the spatial extent of Atlantic source waters. There are insufficient data from shallower than 2500 m to obtain a coherent pattern in other ocean basins. The data synthesis indicates that basin-scale δ13C during the last interglacial (MIS 5e) is not clearly distinguishable from the Holocene (MIS 1) or from MIS 5a and 5c, despite significant differences in ice volume and atmospheric CO2 concentration during these intervals. Similarly, MIS 6 is only distinguishable from MIS 2 or 4 due to globally lower δ13C values both in benthic and planktonic data. This result is obtained despite individual records showing differences between these intervals, indicating that care must be used in interpreting large scale signals from a small number of records.

scholarly journals A synthesis of marine sediment core δ<sup>13</sup>C data over the last 150 000 years

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2497-2554 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. C. Oliver ◽  
B. A. A. Hoogakker ◽  
S. Crowhurst ◽  
G. M. Henderson ◽  
R. E. M. Rickaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Basin Scale

Abstract. The isotopic composition of carbon, δ13C, in seawater is used in reconstructions of ocean circulation, marine productivity, air-sea gas exchange, and biosphere carbon storage. Here, a synthesis of δ13C measurements taken from foraminifera in marine sediment cores over the last 150 000 years is presented. The dataset comprises previously published and unpublished data from benthic and planktonic records throughout the global ocean. Data are placed on a common δ18O age scale and filtered to remove timescales shorter than 6 kyr. Error estimates account for the resolution and scatter of the original data, and uncertainty in the relationship between δ13C of calcite and of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in seawater. This will assist comparison with δ13C of DIC output from models, which can be further improved using model outputs such as temperature, DIC concentration, and alkalinity to improve estimates of fractionation during calcite formation. High global deep ocean δ13C, indicating isotopically heavy carbon, is obtained during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 1, 3, 5a, 5c and 5e, and low δ13C during MIS 2, 4 and 6, which are temperature minima, with larger amplitude variability in the Atlantic Ocean than the Pacific Ocean. This is likely to result from changes in biosphere carbon storage, modulated by changes in ocean circulation, productivity, and air-sea gas exchange. The North Atlantic vertical δ13C gradient is greater during temperature minima than temperature maxima, attributed to changes in the spatial extent of Atlantic source waters. There are insufficient data from shallower than 2500 m to obtain a coherent pattern in other ocean basins. The data synthesis indicates that basin-scale δ13C during the last interglacial (MIS 5e) is not clearly distinguishable from the Holocene (MIS 1) or from MIS 5a and 5c, despite significant differences in ice volume and atmospheric CO2 concentration during these intervals. Similarly, MIS 6 is only distinguishable from MIS 2 or 4 due to globally lower δ13C values both in benthic and planktonic data. This result is obtained despite individual records showing differences between these intervals, indicating that care must be used in interpreting large scale signals from a small number of records.

Basin-scale fluid flow in the Gippsland Basin: implications for geological carbon storage

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. O'Brien ◽  
P. R. Tingate ◽  
L. M. Goldie Divko ◽  
J. A. Miranda ◽  
M. J. Campi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Gippsland Basin

scholarly journals Using the Global Hydrodynamic Model and GRACE Follow-On Data to Access the 2020 Catastrophic Flood in Yangtze River Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3023
Author(s):  
Jinghua Xiong ◽  
Shenglian Guo ◽  
Jiabo Yin ◽  
Lei Gu ◽  
Feng Xiong
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Ecosystem Monitoring ◽  
Catastrophic Flood ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
The Yangtze River Basin

Flooding is one of the most widespread and frequent weather-related hazards that has devastating impacts on the society and ecosystem. Monitoring flooding is a vital issue for water resources management, socioeconomic sustainable development, and maintaining life safety. By integrating multiple precipitation, evapotranspiration, and GRACE-Follow On (GRAFO) terrestrial water storage anomaly (TWSA) datasets, this study uses the water balance principle coupled with the CaMa-Flood hydrodynamic model to access the spatiotemporal discharge variations in the Yangtze River basin during the 2020 catastrophic flood. The results show that: (1) TWSA bias dominates the overall uncertainty in runoff at the basin scale, which is spatially governed by uncertainty in TWSA and precipitation; (2) spatially, a field significance at the 5% level is discovered for the correlations between GRAFO-based runoff and GLDAS results. The GRAFO-derived discharge series has a high correlation coefficient with either in situ observations and hydrological simulations for the Yangtze River basin, at the 0.01 significance level; (3) the GRAFO-derived discharge observes the flood peaks in July and August and the recession process in October 2020. Our developed approach provides an alternative way of monitoring large-scale extreme hydrological events with the latest GRAFO release and CaMa-Flood model.

scholarly journals Effects of Climatic Drivers and Teleconnections on Late 20th Century Trends in Spring Freshet of Four Major Arctic-Draining Rivers

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Roxanne Ahmed ◽  
Terry Prowse ◽  
Yonas Dibike ◽  
Barrie Bonsal
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Spring Freshet ◽  
Climatic Drivers

Spring freshet is the dominant annual discharge event in all major Arctic draining rivers with large contributions to freshwater inflow to the Arctic Ocean. Research has shown that the total freshwater influx to the Arctic Ocean has been increasing, while at the same time, the rate of change in the Arctic climate is significantly higher than in other parts of the globe. This study assesses the large-scale atmospheric and surface climatic conditions affecting the magnitude, timing and regional variability of the spring freshets by analyzing historic daily discharges from sub-basins within the four largest Arctic-draining watersheds (Mackenzie, Ob, Lena and Yenisei). Results reveal that climatic variations closely match the observed regional trends of increasing cold-season flows and earlier freshets. Flow regulation appears to suppress the effects of climatic drivers on freshet volume but does not have a significant impact on peak freshet magnitude or timing measures. Spring freshet characteristics are also influenced by El Niño-Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the Arctic Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation, particularly in their positive phases. The majority of significant relationships are found in unregulated stations. This study provides a key insight into the climatic drivers of observed trends in freshet characteristics, whilst clarifying the effects of regulation versus climate at the sub-basin scale.

scholarly journals Projecting Basin-Scale Distributed Irrigation and Domestic Water Demands and Values: A Generic Method for Large-Scale Modeling

2016 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 1650023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noémie Neverre ◽  
Patrice Dumas
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Expansion Method ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Basin Scale

This paper presents a methodology to project irrigation and domestic water demands on a regional to global scale, in terms of both quantity and economic value. Projections are distributed at the water basin scale. Irrigation water demand is projected under climate change. It is simply computed as the difference between crop potential evapotranspiration for the different stages of the growing season and available precipitation. Irrigation water economic value is based on a yield comparison approach between rainfed and irrigated crops using average yields. For the domestic sector, we project the combined effects of demographic growth, economic development and water cost evolution on future demands. The method consists in building three-part inverse demand functions in which volume limits of the blocks evolve with the level of GDP per capita. The value of water along the demand curve is determined from price-elasticity, price and demand data from the literature, using the point-expansion method, and from water cost data. This generic methodology can be easily applied to large-scale regions, in particular developing regions where reliable data are scarce. As an illustration, it is applied to Algeria, at the 2050 horizon, for demands associated to reservoirs. Our results show that domestic demand is projected to become a major water consumption sector. The methodology is meant to be integrated into large-scale hydroeconomic models, to determine inter-sectorial and inter-temporal water allocation based on economic valuation.

scholarly journals A New Tool to Estimate Inundation Depths by Spatial Interpolation (RAPIDE): Design, Application and Impact on Quantitative Assessment of Flood Damages

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Scorzini ◽  
Alessio Radice ◽  
Daniela Molinari
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Spatial Interpolation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
Basin Scale

Rapid tools for the prediction of the spatial distribution of flood depths within inundated areas are necessary when the implementation of complex hydrodynamic models is not possible due to time constraints or lack of data. For example, similar tools may be extremely useful to obtain first estimates of flood losses in the aftermath of an event, or for large-scale river basin planning. This paper presents RAPIDE, a new GIS-based tool for the estimation of the water depth distribution that relies only on the perimeter of the inundation and a digital terrain model. RAPIDE is based on a spatial interpolation of water levels, starting from the hypothesis that the perimeter of the flooded area is the locus of points having null water depth. The interpolation is improved by (i) the use of auxiliary lines, perpendicular to the river reach, along which additional control points are placed and (ii) the possibility to introduce a mask for filtering interpolation points near critical areas. The reliability of RAPIDE is tested for the 2002 flood in Lodi (northern Italy), by comparing the inundation depth maps obtained by the rapid tool to those from 2D hydraulic modelling. The change of the results, related to the use of either method, affects the quantitative estimation of direct damages very limitedly. The results, therefore, show that RAPIDE can provide accurate flood depth predictions, with errors that are fully compatible with its use for river-basin scale flood risk assessments and civil protection purposes.

scholarly journals Deglacial carbon cycle changes observed in a compilation of 127 benthic <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C time series (20–6 ka)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1229-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlye D. Peterson ◽  
Lorraine E. Lisiecki
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Last Deglaciation ◽  
Terrestrial Biosphere ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Ocean Carbon

Abstract. We present a compilation of 127 time series δ13C records from Cibicides wuellerstorfi spanning the last deglaciation (20–6 ka) which is well-suited for reconstructing large-scale carbon cycle changes, especially for comparison with isotope-enabled carbon cycle models. The age models for the δ13C records are derived from regional planktic radiocarbon compilations (Stern and Lisiecki, 2014). The δ13C records were stacked in nine different regions and then combined using volume-weighted averages to create intermediate, deep, and global δ13C stacks. These benthic δ13C stacks are used to reconstruct changes in the size of the terrestrial biosphere and deep ocean carbon storage. The timing of change in global mean δ13C is interpreted to indicate terrestrial biosphere expansion from 19–6 ka. The δ13C gradient between the intermediate and deep ocean, which we interpret as a proxy for deep ocean carbon storage, matches the pattern of atmospheric CO2 change observed in ice core records. The presence of signals associated with the terrestrial biosphere and atmospheric CO2 indicates that the compiled δ13C records have sufficient spatial coverage and time resolution to accurately reconstruct large-scale carbon cycle changes during the glacial termination.

scholarly journals Improving runoff estimates from regional climate models: a performance analysis in Spain

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1709-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. González-Zeas ◽  
L. Garrote ◽  
A. Iglesias ◽  
A. Sordo-Ward
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Direct Runoff ◽  
Interpolation Methods ◽  
Basin Scale

Abstract. An important step to assess water availability is to have monthly time series representative of the current situation. In this context, a simple methodology is presented for application in large-scale studies in regions where a properly calibrated hydrologic model is not available, using the output variables simulated by regional climate models (RCMs) of the European project PRUDENCE under current climate conditions (period 1961–1990). The methodology compares different interpolation methods and alternatives to generate annual times series that minimise the bias with respect to observed values. The objective is to identify the best alternative to obtain bias-corrected, monthly runoff time series from the output of RCM simulations. This study uses information from 338 basins in Spain that cover the entire mainland territory and whose observed values of natural runoff have been estimated by the distributed hydrological model SIMPA. Four interpolation methods for downscaling runoff to the basin scale from 10 RCMs are compared with emphasis on the ability of each method to reproduce the observed behaviour of this variable. The alternatives consider the use of the direct runoff of the RCMs and the mean annual runoff calculated using five functional forms of the aridity index, defined as the ratio between potential evapotranspiration and precipitation. In addition, the comparison with respect to the global runoff reference of the UNH/GRDC dataset is evaluated, as a contrast of the "best estimator" of current runoff on a large scale. Results show that the bias is minimised using the direct original interpolation method and the best alternative for bias correction of the monthly direct runoff time series of RCMs is the UNH/GRDC dataset, although the formula proposed by Schreiber (1904) also gives good results.

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