scholarly journals Recruitment of medical practitioners to rural areas: A practical approach from the coalface

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Rural Practice ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Advertising Campaign ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Successful Recruitment ◽  
Factors Influencing

The successful recruitment of medical staff to country areas is a difficult process. Thispaper outlines strategies designed to increase the probability of a successful recruitmentprogram. Strategies include determining if the position is truly required, designingan advertising campaign that reaches the target audience and addressing thesignificant regional and medical factors influencing the attractiveness of positions.Other areas discussed include the role of local hospitals, factors unique to individualmedical practitioners, contracts and two possible long-term solutions ? familiarisingmedical students with rural practice and recruiting overseas doctors.

Forty years of rural reform in China: retrospect and future prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiwen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural Reform ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government

Purpose Bottlenecked by rural underdevelopment, China’s overall development is bound to be inadequate and unbalanced. Through a brief retrospect of the reform directed against the “equalitarianism (egalitarianism)” in China’s rural areas, as well as the Chinese Government’s conceptual transformation and systemic construction and improvement thereof, the purpose of this paper is to clarify the panoramic significance of rural reform; the necessity, priority, and long-term nature of the current rural development; and the important role of public policy in doing so. It also looks ahead to consider the prospects for future rural reform. Design/methodology/approach This paper first reviews the rural reforms that were carried out in 1978. Second, it introduces the government’s conceptual change regarding rural reform and the establishment and improvement of the system that underlies it. Finally, the future of rural reform is envisaged. Findings The initial rural reforms brought extensive and profound changes to China’s rural areas. The experience of rural reform has been referred to and escalated by other fields of study. Hence, rural reforms have become something of global significance. Moreover, since the government can undertake reforms well beyond the reach of farmers, its views must be modified in a timely manner, and only then may it reasonably construct and improve the system pertaining to the “three rural issues (agriculture, rural areas, and farmers).” Originality/value This paper reviews the rural reforms carried out in 1978. It introduces the government’s change of concept with respect to rural reforms and the establishment and improvement of the system based on the “three rural issues,” thus looking forward to the future of rural reforms. The findings of this paper are of significance to the formulation of future agricultural policies.

scholarly journals Assessment of behavioral factors influencing cooperation in logistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Kolodizieva
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Dual Relationships ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Social

The article explores theoretical and methodical aspects of managing dual relationships that arise between participants in logistic cooperation in the process of formation and functioning of supply chains. The use of a behavioral approach to defining supply chains has allowed identifying and justifying the priority role of behavioral factors that influence modern logistics entities and determine the effectiveness and long-term satisfaction with logistics cooperation. Given the literature summary, the study has classified types of cooperation in logistic activity and proved that among the behavioral factors influencing the of logistical cooperation efficiency, the trust is of particular importance, which remains a limitation, a bottleneck in the process of formation and development of dual relationships in logistics chains. It is proposed to introduce a generic indicator, namely the level of confidence in the supply chain to assess the social, economic and strategic aspects of logistics interaction. A methodological approach to assessing the level of trust in logistic cooperation was adjusted based on determining the composition of criteria that directly affect this indicator and using the expert survey of supply chain participants. The study proposes to use the confidence indicator to form and improve networks and supply chains, taking into account its value when constructing a generalized outsourcing model.

PROBLEMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PEASANT FARMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Elvira G. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Social

The article considers the trends taking place in modern conditions in the agrarian sphere – peasant farms. Concepts and definitions characterizing the essence of functioning new agrarian forms of economy are analyzed. The place and role of the state and farming as equal partners in the social arrangement of rural areas and in the preservation of the traditional way of life in the countryside is emphasized. The author considers some of the concepts and definitions to be generally accepted, the other ones are of a search and research nature, which gives the article originality. Contradictions and problems impeding the development of new agrarian forms of economy are revealed. The relevance of the theme consists in the need to develop family farms as a priority form of individual entrepreneurship and as an important source of sustainable growth in food production. The long-term domestic experience of development of peasant farms and private holdings using achievements in foreign countries is studied and on this basis, practical recommendations on accelerated development of individual forms of agricultural production are offered. In general, the agricultural economy should be diversified in order to provide social protection, the opportunity to generate employment and increase the profitability of farmers.

scholarly journals Cues to overeat: psychological factors influencing overconsumption

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion M. Hetherington
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Obesogenic Environment ◽  
Situational Cues ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Variety Effect

Human food intake is driven by necessity, but modern industrialized societies are characterized by food surfeit and an increasingly ‘obesogenic’ environment. This environment tends to discourage energy expenditure and to facilitate energy intake. The amount eaten in any given eating episode depends less on internal need state and more on environmental contextual factors such as the availability of highly-palatable energy-dense foods. In addition, the process of satiation can easily be disrupted by the introduction within a meal of different foods (variety effect), the presence of others (social context) and competing tasks (distraction). Properties of ingestants such as alcohol promote food intake and characteristics of individuals make them more or less susceptible to situational cues to overeat. In the present review the role of each of these environmental factors in promoting overconsumption are considered and the extent to which these factors might contribute to long-term weight regulation is discussed.

scholarly journals The Role of Substitute Industries for Revitalizing Shrinking Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9250
Author(s):  
Jakob Schackmar ◽  
René Fleschurz ◽  
Karina Pallagst
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Shrinking Cities ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
New Development ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Development Paths ◽  
Changing Demographics ◽  
Post Industrial

In past decades, many cities and regions have underwent structural transformations—e.g., in old industrialized “rust belts” or in peripheral rural areas. Many of these shrinking cities have to face the challenges of long-term demographic and economic changes. While shrinkage is often related to post-industrial transformations in the USA, in other countries, such as Germany, for example, the causes are related to changing demographics with declining birth rates and the effects of the German reunification. Many cities have tried to combat shrinkage and have thus developed a variety of policies and strategies such as the establishing of substitute industries. To assess the sustainability of this approach, this paper investigates the cities of Cleveland, USA and Bochum, Germany in a comparative analysis following the most similar/most different research design. The paper shows that substitute industries might lead to new development paths for shrinking cities; however, whether these paths stimulate sustainable development is dependent on those who are benefiting from these developments and to what extent.

scholarly journals Correlates of preschoolers’ screen time in China: parental factors

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyao Wang ◽  
Sunyue Ye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Parental Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background With the advent of the electronic age, the long-term screen time (ST) of preschoolers in China is relatively high and is on the rise, which is likely to affect preschoolers’ physical and mental health. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing ST in preschoolers, especially the role of parental factors, and to provide a basis for the prevention, control, and intervention of ST in preschoolers in China. Methods A questionnaire was completed by the parents of 1,546 preschoolers from four kindergartens in Pinghu City, Zhejiang Province, China, and a logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlates of excessive ST in preschoolers. Results A total of 43.8% of preschoolers, of which 50.3% were boys and 49.7% were girls, had > 1 hour/day of ST. For older preschoolers, greater screen accessibility, greater frequency of eating in front of a screen, longer ST of parents, and unclear rules of screen behavior were the risk factors for ST being > 1 hour/day (P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounders, the relationship between the ST of fathers and ST of preschoolers was still significant (P < 0.01), and the dose-effect relationship was observed (P < 0.001). Conclusion Prolonged parental ST (especially of fathers) and lack of rules for screen behavior of were independent risk factors for prolonged preschoolers’ ST in this study.

Economic mechanism of safety agricultural enterprises

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Larisa Marmul
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Economic Mechanism ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
General Scientific

Subject of research – theoretical and applied aspects of formation and improvement of economic mechanism of management of safety of agrarian enterprises. The purpose of the article is to identify threats and challenges of the safety of agrarian enterprises and to justify the tools and components of the economic mechanism for managing its preservation and enhancement. The methodology of the work is the use of general scientific and special methods and methods of research based on modern scientific concepts of managerial, economic and related sciences and the main provisions of economic theory, scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of theory and practice of management of the safety of agrarian enterprises. The results of the work – considered the main challenges, problems and priorities of the formation of the security of agricultural enterprises and management. According to them, the components of the mechanism for its implementation are proposed. Particular attention is paid to the need to address the problems of rural areas, the possible monopolization of agrarian markets by large agricultural corporations, and to overcome the corruption of the economy in the agro-sphere. The important role of the influence of factors of national and regional security on the mechanism of management of safety of agrarian enterprises is determined. The directions of improvement of the economic mechanism of management of safety of agrarian enterprises are grounded. Conclusions – considering the main problems of socioeconomic security and their solution in the long term, the focus should be focused on such challenges as: depression of rural areas; poverty of the rural population; the presence of refugees, the criminalization of the economy and society. Their overcoming is not only within the competence of the mechanism of management of agrarian enterprises, but also of the activities of rural communities.

INCOME INEQUALITY, POVERTY AND LABOR MIGRATION IN THAILAND

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (01) ◽  
pp. 1450004 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOMCHAI JITSUCHON
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Labor Market Conditions ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
And Migration

This paper explores the dynamics of economic growth, poverty, inequality and migration in Thailand, and evaluates the relevance of Lewis model to Thailand's long-term development. Thai economy seems to follow the latter part of the Kuznets curve since mid-1990s, amidst the global trend of rising internal inequality. Also, Lewis model's predictions were not present, both in the overall pattern of internal migration and the labor market conditions in either urban or rural areas. Dualism in Thailand is better characterized by formal/informal dichotomy. However, the Lewis model can be relevant if modified by including the role of foreign workers.

Competitive Clientelism and the Political Economy of Mining in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Bebbington ◽  
Abdul-Gafaru Abdulai ◽  
Denise Humphreys Bebbington ◽  
Marja Hinfelaar ◽  
Cynthia A. Sanborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mineral Rents

This chapter highlights the centrality of clientelist political pressures in explaining why over 100 years of mineral resource extraction has failed to translate into broad-based development in Ghana. Contrary to studies that highlight the role of inclusive political settlements for the effective management of mineral rents, we find that broad-based elite inclusion also risks undermining the effective management of rents for long-term development in contexts where rents are deployed with the aim of ‘buying-off’ elites who can potentially undermine the stability of ruling coalitions. All ruling coalitions have allocated significant shares of mineral rents to chiefs not necessarily for the socio-economic development of mineral-rich communities, but mainly because political elites want to avoid provoking resistance from a group that brokers land and votes in rural areas. Under such circumstances, inclusive political settlements may at best result in unproductive peace, as substantial mineral resources are shared for consumption rather than development.

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