scholarly journals The need for acute hospitals to provide counselling following motor vehicle accidents

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod Watts ◽  
David Horne ◽  
Jenny Sandells
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychological Sequelae ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Acute Hospitals ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the need for a systematic way of detecting individuals likely toencounter moderate to severe psychological sequelae after being injured in a motorvehicle accident. It presents the findings of assessments of consecutive adult admissionsduring a six-month period to the Accident and Emergency Department of RoyalMelbourne Hospital, a major acute hospital in Melbourne, within two days of beinginjured in a motor vehicle accident. Seventy of the 250 subjects surveyed completedthe General Health Questionnaire 12 and the Impact of Event Scale questionnaire,with 77- per cent found likely to have had a psychiatric disorder. Seventy-four per centhad at least moderate levels of intrusion or avoidance phenomena. Forty-four per centhad severe levels of one or the other. Prevalence of these psychological sequelae wasgreater than that found in several recent studies on the effects of motor vehicleaccidents.A small number (11?15- per cent) sought or received professional counselling withinthe first three months. This group did not differ, according to levels of intrusion,avoidance, or scores on the GHQ 12, to subjects who did not seek or receive suchassistance. Results identify the necessity of investigating and implementing methodsof detecting and treating the many who apparently sustain significant psychologicalsequelae following injury in a motor vehicle accident.

scholarly journals The Impact of Event Scale-Revised: Psychometric properties in a sample of motor vehicle accident survivors

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gayle Beck ◽  
DeMond M. Grant ◽  
Jennifer P. Read ◽  
Joshua D. Clapp ◽  
Scott F. Coffey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Traumatic Aortic Injury in a 3-Year-Old Child - A Case Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aljohani M ◽  
◽  
Alanazi S ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Aortic Injury ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Pseudo Aneurysm ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Tomography Scan

This case report describes a case of aortic injury with pseudo-aneurysm in a 3-year-old Saudi boy following a motor vehicle accident. The diagnosis was suspected on computed tomography scan, and emergency surgery was performed. A Dacron graft was inserted to repair the injured aorta. Postoperatively, absent femoral, and distal pulses were noted, and thromboembolectomy was performed with good outcome. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it raises awareness of aortic injury and rupture in pediatric patients with multi-organ trauma following motor vehicle accidents. A high index of suspicion and early intervention are essential in improving outcomes.

Early Psychological Reactions in a Group of Individuals with Pre-existing and Enduring Mental Health Difficulties Following a Major Coach Accident

1996 ◽  
Vol 169 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen L. Chubb ◽  
Jonathan I. Bisson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Sequelae ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe impact of major trauma on individuals with pre-existing and enduring mental health difficulties is poorly understood.MethodTwenty individuals with pre-existing and enduring mental health difficulties were assessed with the Clinician Administered Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale, the 28-item version of the GHQ, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Impact of Event Scale between four and eight weeks after their involvement in a major coach accident.ResultsTen (50%) individuals satisfied the full DSM–IV criteria for a diagnosis of PTSD. The questionnaire scores indicated a high level of psychological suffering among the group. On dividing the sample into those individuals with previous diagnoses of anxiety or depressive disorders and those with a previous diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia, the schizophrenia group displayed less marked psychological sequelae on all measures.ConclusionThere was a high incidence of early psychological sequelae among the group as a whole. Some diagnoses (e.g. depression and anxiety) may predispose to psychological sequelae while others (e.g. chronic schizophrenia) may not.

Probability Analysis of Motor Vehicle Accidents

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Kimbrough
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Probability Analysis ◽  
Maximum Information ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Stop Sign ◽  
Oncoming Vehicle ◽  
Probability Methods ◽  
The Right

Probability analysis is the key to extracting the maximum information from the evidence surrounding a motor vehicle accident. Moreover, it gives essential perspective to the answers drawn from the evidence, by conveying the uncertainty about the answers. In this paper, probability methods are used to analyze a typical intersection type collision between two vehicles. It is a situation in which one of the vehicles pulls out from a stop sign into the path of the other vehicle, which had the right of way. The vehicle that pulls out into the path of the oncoming vehicle precipitates the accident, but the driver of the oncoming vehicle may have contributed to the accident by traveling at excessive speed and or by being inattentive.

Psychological Sequelae of Torture and Trauma in Chilean and Salvadorean Migrants: A Pilot Study

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maritza Thompson ◽  
Patrick McGorry
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Torture Survivors ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Sequelae ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Impact

Torture has existed since the earliest times, usually as public punishment prior to death. Today it is predominantly used in secret with the aim of destroying the individual's personality. The effects of torture include severe physical and psychological sequelae which have only recently come under scrutiny. In recent years many Chilean and El Salvadorean migrants have left their countries after being tortured and severely traumatised as a result of organised violence. The aim of this study was to pilot an investigation into the psychological sequelae of torture. Subjects were 30 Chileans and El Salvadoreans classified into three groups: torture, trauma and non-torture/trauma migrants. It was found to be feasible to access and interview survivors from a clinical research perspective without causing additional psychological morbidity. The subjects were interviewed and administered three scales: the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale, SCL-90-R, and the Impact of Event Scale. The results from the scales and the descriptive data presented indicate some support for the hypothesis that torture survivors show higher levels of PTSD, psychosomatic impairment and stress response disturbance than the trauma and non-torture/trauma groups. Methodological issues are discussed. The strengths and limitations of this preliminary study are considered in relation to future research.

Relationship between psychiatric impairment and a natural disaster: the role of distress

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
General Health ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

SynopsisThe relationship between adversity, distress and psychiatric impairment was examined in a group of 469 firefighters who had an intense exposure to an Australian bushfire disaster. The data suggested that psychiatric impairment measured by the General Health Questionnaire and distress measured by the Impact of Event Scale were relatively separate phenomena. Psychiatric impairment in these people appeared to be related more to their level of distress after the fires than to the severity of their exposure and losses.

Child Restraint Law Effects on Motor Vehicle Accident Fatalities and Injuries: The New Mexico Experience

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079-1084
Author(s):  
C. Mack Sewell ◽  
Harry F. Hull ◽  
John Fenner ◽  
Howard Graff ◽  
Jeffrey Pine
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Child Restraint ◽  
Nonfatal Injury

The New Mexico State Legislature passed a child restraint law applicable to children less than 5 years of age that became effective in June 1983. To evaluate the effectiveness of this law, we analyzed traffic accident data for New Mexico from January 1981 through September 1984. During this period, there were 20,972 children younger than 5 years of age in motor vehicle accidents. Restraint usage increased for this age group from a low of about 10% in 1981 to more than 40% in 1984 (P < 10-6). Unrestrained children younger than 5 years of age were five times more likely to be killed and two times more likely to be injured than restrained children. Analysis of motor vehicle accident fatality and injury rates pre- and postlaw revealed a 33% reduction in motor vehicle accident fatality rates and a 12.6% reduction in nonfatal injury rates for children younger than 5 years. We conclude that (1) child restraint devices are effective in reducing motor vehicle accident fatalities and injuries in young children and (2) the child restraint law has been effective in increasing child restraint usage and in reducing childhood death and injury in New Mexico.

Traumatic Stress and Death Anxiety among Community Residents Exposed to a Train Crash

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Cheung Chung ◽  
Julie Werrett ◽  
Yvette Easthope ◽  
Steven Farmer ◽  
Catherine Chung
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Apartment House ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Community Residents ◽  
Total Death ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to investigate the association between traumatic stress and death anxiety among residents who were exposed to a train crash in Stafford, England. Sixty-six community residents were interviewed using the Impact of Event Scale (IES), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS). The results showed that the IES scores of the community residents were significantly lower than the standardized Stress Clinic samples, while they were significantly higher than the standardized medical student samples. Thirty-five percent of residents scored at or above the GHQ cutoff point. The community residents' total death anxiety score was significantly higher than the standardized sample of apartment house residents and was no different from the sample of psychiatric patients. Correlation tests showed no association between death anxiety and traumatic stress. The article ended with some remarks on issues relating to data comparison.

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