scholarly journals Telehealth uptake in general practice as a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Centaine L. Snoswell ◽  
Liam J. Caffery ◽  
Helen M. Haydon ◽  
Emma E. Thomas ◽  
Anthony C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Australian Government ◽  
Research And Policy

In March 2020, the Australian Government added new temporary telehealth services to the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) to reduce the risk of patient–patient and patient–clinician transmission of the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19). Here, the MBS statistics for general practitioner activity and the associated costs are described; a small increase in both activity and costs for the new MBS telehealth items were observed. The opportunities for future research and policy implications are also discussed.

scholarly journals Causes of School Bullying

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 849-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byongook Moon ◽  
Hye-Won Hwang ◽  
John D. McCluskey
Keyword(s):  
School Bullying ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
General Theory Of Crime ◽  
Differential Association Theory ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
General Strain ◽  
Criminological Theories ◽  
Research And Policy

A growing number of studies indicate the ubiquity of school bullying: It is a global concern, regardless of cultural differences. Little previous research has examined whether leading criminological theories can explain bullying, despite the commonality between bullying and delinquency. The current investigation uses longitudinal data on 655 Korean youth, in three schools, to examine the applicability of leading criminological theories (general theory of crime, differential association theory, and general strain theory) in explaining school bullying. Overall, our findings indicate limited support for the generality of these three leading criminological theories in explaining the etiology of bullying. However, the findings show the significant effects of school-generated strains (teachers’ physical and emotional punishment and examination related strain) on bullying. Directions for future research and policy implications of these findings are discussed.

Shifts in Energy Consumption Driven by Urbanization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Sadorsky
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research And Policy ◽  
Important Milestone

The year 2007 marked an important milestone as, for the first time in history, the world’s urban population passed 50%. An increase in urbanization brings new opportunities and new challenges with respect to business, society, and the economy as increases in urbanization are associated with greater economic activity. One particular area of interest is how urbanization affects energy consumption. This chapter surveys recent theoretical and empirical contributions on the relationship between urbanization and energy consumption. The chapter first sets out the conceptual framework and some empirical observations on the relationship between energy consumption and urbanization. This is followed by sections that provide a more detailed review of the empirical evidence linking energy consumption with urbanization. The chapter concludes with some limitations from existing empirical studies, suggestions for future research, and policy implications.

The Effect of Treatment Completion on Recidivism Among TASC Program Clients

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (15) ◽  
pp. 4776-4795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O. Maume ◽  
Christina Lanier ◽  
Kristen DeVall
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
The United States ◽  
Program Completion ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Program Entry ◽  
Research And Policy

Despite the enormous resources spent by states in the United States on bridging the gap between criminal justice and behavioral health services, there have been relatively few statewide evaluations of drug treatment client recidivism. We present the results of an evaluation of recidivism outcomes for a sample of individuals ( n = 1,274) referred to the Treatment Accountability for Safer Communities (TASC) program in North Carolina from 2007 to 2008. The methodology accounted for both client and offense characteristics drawn from TASC, court, and corrections records. Multivariate analyses indicated that program completion is the most important predictor of re-arrest in the 3-year follow-up period, followed by a number of protective and risk factors. More specifically, being female, older at the time of program entry, as well as higher levels of educational attainment decreased the odds of re-arrest, whereas using crack/cocaine increased the odds of re-arrest. Suggestions for future research and policy implications are provided.

Bar Training for Active Bystanders: Evaluation of a Community-Based Bystander Intervention Program

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 1614-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ráchael A. Powers ◽  
Jennifer Leili
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Willingness To Intervene ◽  
Violence Prevention Programs ◽  
Research And Policy

Bystander intervention programs are proliferating on college campuses and are slowly gaining momentum as sexual violence prevention programs suitable for the larger community. In particular, bystander intervention programs aimed at bar staff have been developed in a number of locations. This study entails the exploratory evaluation of a community-based bystander program for bar staff. Using a pre–posttest design, this study suggests that evidence surrounding the effectiveness of this program is promising as it decreases rape myths, decreases barriers to intervention, and increases bartenders willingness to intervene. Future research and policy implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Are Working Children in Developing Countries Hidden Victims of Pandemics?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Polyxeni Kechagia ◽  
Theodore Metaxas
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Working Children ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Research And Policy

The consequences of the recent pandemic have been disproportionately disruptive to several social groups, including children. As developing economies have been firefighting the recent pandemic, the welfare of minors could be affected and children’s economic exploitation and abuse could increase. Therefore, the present research aims to shed light on and to investigate the association between child labour in developing countries and pandemics, including the coronavirus, through conducting a systematic literature review on previous empirical studies. The present research concludes that previous studies on non-COVID-19 pandemics have mainly focused on the African economies, while studies on the recent pandemic have focused on Asian countries. In addition, differences were observed in relation to the methodological approaches and the characteristics of minor employees and the protection services in certain countries have proven to be insufficient. Suggestions for future research and policy implications are presented.

scholarly journals Author-Reviewer Homophily in Peer Review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dakota Murray ◽  
Kyle Siler ◽  
Vincent Larivière ◽  
Wei Mun Chan ◽  
Andrew M. Collings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Peer Reviewers ◽  
Acceptance Rates ◽  
Research And Policy

AbstractThe fairness of scholarly peer review has been challenged by evidence of disparities in publication outcomes based on author demographic characteristics. To assess this, we conducted an exploratory analysis of peer review outcomes of 23,876 initial submissions and 7,192 full submissions that were submitted to the biosciences journal eLife between 2012 and 2017. Women and authors from nations outside of North America and Europe were underrepresented both as gatekeepers (editors and peer reviewers) and authors. We found evidence of a homophilic relationship between the demographics of the gatekeepers and authors and the outcome of peer review; that is, there were higher rates of acceptance in the case of gender and country homophily. The acceptance rate for manuscripts with male last authors was seven percent, or 3.5 percentage points, greater than for female last authors (95% CI = [0.5, 6.4]); this gender inequity was greatest, at nine percent or about 4.8 percentage points (95% CI = [0.3, 9.1]), when the team of reviewers was all male; this difference was smaller and not significantly different for mixed-gender reviewer teams. Homogeny between countries of the gatekeeper and the corresponding author was also associated with higher acceptance rates for many countries. To test for the persistence of these effects after controlling for potentially confounding variables, we conducted a logistic regression including document and author metadata. Disparities in acceptance rates associated with gender and country of affiliation and the homophilic associations remained. We conclude with a discussion of mechanisms that could contribute to this effect, directions for future research, and policy implications. Code and anonymized data have been made available at https://github.com/murrayds/elife-analysisAuthor summaryPeer review, the primary method by which scientific work is evaluated, is ideally a fair and equitable process in which scientific work is judged solely on its own merit. However, the integrity of peer review has been called into question based on evidence that outcomes often differ between male and female authors, and for authors in different countries. We investigated such disparities at the biosciences journal eLife by analyzing the demographics of authors and gatekeepers (editors and peer reviewers), and peer review outcomes of all submissions between 2012 and 2017. Outcomes were more favorable for male authors and those affiliated with institutions in North America and Europe; these groups were also over-represented among gatekeepers. There was evidence that peer review outcomes were influenced by homophily —a preference of gatekeepers for manuscripts from authors with shared characteristics. We discuss mechanisms that could contribute to this effect, directions for future research, and policy implications.

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