scholarly journals Priorities for improved management of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: analysis of cross-sectional continuous quality improvement data in Aboriginal primary healthcare centres in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith M. Katzenellenbogen ◽  
Daniela Bond-Smith ◽  
Anna P. Ralph ◽  
Mathilda Wilmot ◽  
Julie Marsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Transition ◽  
Continuous Quality ◽  
Transition Care ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

ObjectiveThis study investigated the delivery of guideline-recommended services for the management of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in Australian primary healthcare centres participating in the Audit and Best Practice for Chronic Disease (ABCD) National Research Partnership project. MethodsARF and RHD clinical audit data were collected from 63 Aboriginal centres in four Australian jurisdictions using the ABCD ARF/RHD audit tool. Records of up to 30 patients treated for ARF and/or RHD were analysed per centre from the most recent audit conducted between 2009 and 2014. The main outcome measure was a quality of ARF and RHD care composite indicator consisting of nine best-practice service items. ResultsOf 1081 patients, most were Indigenous (96%), female (61%), from the Northern Territory and Queensland (97%) and <25 years of age (49%). The composite indicator was highest in the 0–14 year age group (77% vs 65–67% in other age groups). Timely injections and provision of client education are important specific areas for improvement. Multiple regression showed age >15 years to be a significant negative factor for several care indicators, particularly for the delivery of long-acting antibiotic injections and specialist services in the 15–24 year age group. ConclusionsThe results suggest that timely injection and patient education are priorities for managing ARF and RHD, particularly focusing on child-to-adult transition care. What is known about the topic?The burden of rheumatic fever and RHD in some Aboriginal communities is among the highest documented globally. Guideline-adherent RHD prevention and management in primary health care (PHC) settings are critically important to reduce this burden. Continuous quality improvement (CQI) is a proven strategy to improve guideline adherence, using audit cycles and proactive engagement of PHC end users with their own data. Previously, such CQI strategies using a systems approach were shown to improve delivery of ARF and RHD care in six Aboriginal health services (three government and three community controlled). What does this paper add?This paper focuses on the variation across age groups in the quality of ARF and/or RHD care according to nine quality of care indicators across 63 PHC centres serving the Aboriginal population in the Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia. These new findings provide insight into difference in quality of care by life stage, indicating particular areas for improvement of the management of ARF and RHD at the PHC level, and can act as a baseline for monitoring of care quality for ARF and RHD into the future. What are the implications for practitioners?Management plans and innovative strategies or systems for improving adherence need to be developed as a matter of urgency. PHC professionals need to closely monitor adherence to secondary prophylaxis at both the clinic and individual level. RHD priority status needs to be assigned and recorded as a tool to guide management. Systems strengthening needs to particularly target child-to-adult transition care. Practitioners are urged to keep a quick link to the RHDAustralia website to access resources and guidelines pertaining to ARF and RHD (https://www.rhdaustralia.org.au/arf-rhd-guideline, accessed 3 October 2019). CQI strategies can assist PHC centres to improve the care they provide to patients.

scholarly journals Empowerment among adult patients with type 2 diabetes: age differentials in relation to person-centred primary care, community resources, social support and other life-contextual circumstances

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Simonsen ◽  
Anne M. Koponen ◽  
Sakari Suominen
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Younger Adults

Abstract Background Rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), also among younger adults, constitutes a growing public health challenge. According to the person-centred Chronic Care Model, proactive care and self-management support in combination with community resources enhance quality of healthcare and health outcomes for patients with T2D. However, research is scarce concerning the importance of person-centred care and community resources for such outcomes as empowerment, and the relative impact of various patient support sources for empowerment is not known. Moreover, little is known about the association of age with these variables in this patient-group. This study, carried out among patients with T2D, examined in three age-groups (27–54, 55–64 and 65–75 years) whether person-centred care and diabetes-related social support, including community support and possibilities to influence community health issues, are associated with patient empowerment, when considering possible confounding factors, such as other quality of care indicators and psychosocial wellbeing. We also explored age differentials in empowerment and in the proposed correlates of empowerment. Method Individuals from a register-based sample with T2D participated in a cross-sectional survey (participation 56%, n = 2866). Data were analysed by descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results Respondents in the youngest age-group were more likely to have low empowerment scores, less continuity of care, and lower wellbeing than the other age-groups, and to perceive less social support, but a higher level of person-centred care than the oldest group. Community support, including possibilities to influence community health issues, was independently and consistently associated with high empowerment in all three age-groups, as was person-centred care in the two older age-groups. Community support was the social support variable with the strongest association with empowerment across age-groups. Moreover, vitality was positively and diabetes-related distress negatively associated with high empowerment in all age-groups, whereas continuity of care, i.e. having a family/regular nurse, was independently associated in the youngest age-group only. Conclusion Person-centred care and community support, including possibilities to influence community health issues, supports empowerment among adults with T2D. Findings suggest that age is related to most correlates of empowerment, and that younger adults with T2D have specific healthcare needs.

scholarly journals Establishing Cutoffs for Streptococcal Antibody Titers in Uganda: Implications for Rheumatic Fever Diagnosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmy Okello ◽  
Meghna Murali ◽  
Joselyn Rwebembera ◽  
Jenifer Atala ◽  
Nada Harik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

AbstractBackgroundCentral to rheumatic fever (RF) diagnosis is evidence of streptococcal exposure, specifically antistreptolysin O (ASO) and antideoxyribonuclease B (ADB) antibodies. It is unknown if these antibody titers should be adjusted to the background exposure rates of GAS or if published standards should be used. Here, we establish the normal values of ASO and ADB in Uganda and examine RF case detection using published vs. population-specific thresholds.MethodsParticipants (age 0-50 years) were recruited. ASO was measured in-country by nephelometric technique. ADB samples were sent to Australia (PathWest) for ADB determination by enzyme inhibition assay, andthe 80% upper limit values by age were established. The published standard values for ASO (200IU/ml) and ADB (375IU/ml) were compared to the Ugandan 80% upper limit of normal values (ULN) for RF case detection in children 5-15 years.FindingsOf the 428 participants, 16 were excluded from analysis (9 sore throat, 1 skin sores, 5 fever, 4 echocardiograms showing occult RHD), and 183 of the remaining were children 5-15 years. The median ASO titer in this age group was 220 IU/ml, with the 80th percentile value of 389 IU/ml. The median ADB titer in this age group was 375 IU/ml, with the 80th percentile value of 568 IU/ml. Application of new Ugandan cutoffs to 528 children enrolled in our prospective RF study, reduced the number of definite RF cases to 120/528 (22·7%), as compared to 173/528 (32·8%) using published normal values.InterpretationThe 80th percentile ULN for ASO and ADB are higher in Uganda than in other countries. Applying these higher values to RF diagnosis in Uganda results in higher diagnostic specificity, but some unknown loss in sensitivity. Implications of over-diagnosis and missed cases will be explored through a longitudinal follow-up study of children in the RF research program.FundingThis work was supported by American Heart Association Grant #17SFRN33670607 / Andrea Beaton / 2017 and DELTAS Africa Initiative.Research in contextEvidence before this studyWe searched PubMed for data on normal values of streptococcal antibody titers within diverse populations between database inception and January 1, 2019, using the search terms (rheumatic fever) OR (streptococcal antibodies). Nine studies were identified, but only one was from sub-Saharan Africa (2018, Ethiopia) and it was limited by vague exclusion criteria and lack of data on anti-DNase B. Given the high burden of rheumatic heart disease in sub-Saharan Africa, further data is needed to determine normal streptococcal antibody titers in this population and to assess the clinical impact of different cutoffs for RF diagnosis.Added value of this studyOur study utilized a rigorous approach to exclude patients with history of recent possible streptococcal exposure including skin and throat infection and employed echocardiography to exclude patients with pre-existing rheumatic heart disease. Additionally, this study was conducted in parallel to a larger epidemiological cohort study of rheumatic fever in Uganda, allowing us, for the first time, to prospectively determine how utilization of different streptococcal antibody titer cutoffs affect diagnosis of rheumatic fever.Implications of all the available evidenceRheumatic fever remains a challenging diagnosis based on a clinical decision rule with imperfect sensitivity and specificity. Improved understanding of streptococcal antibody titers in rheumatic heart disease endemic populations may improve diagnostic performance. Our study also points to the need for development of a rheumatic fever diagnostic test, in order to provide a more definitive assessment of risk.

scholarly journals Video-Based Communication and its Association with Loneliness, Mental Health and Quality of Life among Older People during the COVID-19 Outbreak

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Bonsaksen ◽  
Hilde Thygesen ◽  
Janni Leung ◽  
Mary C. Ruffolo ◽  
Mariyana Schoultz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Older People ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Study Results

The aim of the study was to examine the use of video-based communication and its association with loneliness, mental health and quality of life in older adults (60-69 years versus 70+ years) during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Norway, UK, USA and Australia during April/May 2020, and 836 participants in the relevant age groups were included in the analysis. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between use of video-based communication tools and loneliness, mental health and quality of life within age groups, while adjusting by sociodemographic variables. Video-based communication tools were found to be more often used among participants aged 60-69 years (60.1%), compared to participants aged 70 or above (51.8%, p < 0.05). Adjusting for all variables, use of video-based communication was associated with less loneliness (β = -0.12, p < 0.01) and higher quality of life (β = 0.14, p < 0.01) among participants aged 60-69 years, while no associations occurred for participants in the oldest age group. The use of video-based communication tools was therefore associated with favorable psychological outcomes among participants in their sixties, but not among participants in the oldest age group. The study results support the notion that age may influence the association between use of video-based communication tools and psychological outcomes amongst older people.

scholarly journals Patient-reported outcome measures as a new application in the Swedish Renal Registry: health-related quality of life through RAND-36

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agneta A Pagels ◽  
Maria Stendahl ◽  
Marie Evans
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome Measures ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Impaired Health

AbstractBackgroundAlthough patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are gaining increased interest in developing health care quality and are a useful tool in person-centered care, their use in routine care is still limited. The aim of this study is to describe the implementation and initial results of PROMs via the Swedish Renal Registry (SRR) on a national level.MethodsAfter testing and piloting the electronic PROM application, nationwide measures were carried out in 2017 for completing the RAND-36 questionnaire online or by paper in a wide range of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients (Stages 3–5, dialysis and transplantation) through the SRR. Cross-sectional results during the first year were analyzed by descriptive statistics and stratified by treatment modality.ResultsA total of 1378 patients from 26 of 68 renal units (39%) completed the questionnaire. The response rate for all participating hemodialysis units was 38.9%. The CKD patients had an impaired health profile compared with a Swedish general population, especially regarding physical functions and assessed general health (GH). Transplanted patients had the highest scores, whereas patients on dialysis treatment had the lowest scores. The youngest age group assessed their physical function higher and experienced fewer physical limitations and less bodily pain than the other age groups but assessed their GH and vitality (VT) relatively low. The oldest age group demonstrated the lowest health profile but rated their mental health higher than the other age groups. The older the patient, the smaller the difference compared with persons of the same age in the general population.ConclusionsNationwide, routine collection of PROMs is feasible in Sweden. However, greater emphasis is needed on motivating clinical staff to embrace the tool and its possibilities in executing person-centered care. CKD patients demonstrate impaired health-related quality of life, especially regarding limitations related to physical problems, GH and VT/energy/fatigue.

scholarly journals Effect of age at slaughter on carcass characteristics and carcass composition in lambs of mountain Greek breeds

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Skapetas ◽  
E. Sinapis ◽  
J. Hatziminaouglou ◽  
A. Karalazos ◽  
J. Katanos
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Effect Of Age

Forty male lambs of the mountain Greek breed were used to evaluate the effect of age at slaughter on carcass characteristics and composition. The slaughter of lambs was carried out at the age of 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days. The slaughter procedure, carcass dissection and carcass composition were realized according to the standard method of CIHEAM-AGRIMED programme. The results of this work showed that the lambs of different age groups did not differ in dressing percentage significantly. The proportion of muscles showed a tendency of increase with the increasing slaughter age but the differences were not significant. The proportion of total fat in carcass increased with the increasing slaughter age from 20.84 to 23.59% for the age group of 30 and 90 days, respectively (P < 0.05). On the contrary, as the age at slaughter increased, the proportion of bones decreased (P < 0.05). Subcutaneous, intermuscular, perinephric and pelvic fats increased with the slaughter age, but only the subcutaneous fat was influenced significantly (P < 0.05). Among the different commercial cuts proportions of long leg, first 5 ribs and shoulder decreased, while those of last 8 ribs-loin and breast-flank increased (P < 0.05). The overall results suggest that the slaughter age of lambs of the mountain Greek breed should be increased from the present ~45 days to more advanced age of 75 or 90 days in order to improve the farmers’ profits without serious negative effects on the quality of carcasses or meat of lambs.    

scholarly journals Major depressive disorder in different age groups and quality of life

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umme Salma Talukder ◽  
MM Jalal Uddin ◽  
Niaz Mohammad Khan ◽  
Md Mostarshid Billah ◽  
Tufayel Ahmed Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
World Health Organization Quality ◽  
Quality Of Life Scale

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a significant public health problem due to its impact on the quality of life. The aim of the study was to determine the presentation of depression in different age group and quality of life among the respondents. This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted from May, 2012 to February, 2013 among 65 patients aged 18 to 65 years with major depressive disorder in both outpatient and inpatient departments of National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Dhaka by using convenient sampling technique. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- Text version (DSM-IV-TR), Beck Depression Inventory and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale, Brief version (WHOQOL-BREF) were used to diagnose depressive disorder, to measure severity of depressive illness and Quality of Life (QOL) respectively. Level of depression was compared with the QOL. Quality of life deteriorated in patients with depression. Presence and level of depression was compared in different age groups of depressed patients. The results showed that most of the depressed people (17) were found in the age group of 21-25 years and most of the patients were severely depressed which was thirty nine (39). The study revealed that young people were mostly depressed and their quality of life was decreasing. lt needs further study to explore more information about pattern of presentation of depression and its effect on the quality of life.Bang J Psychiatry Dec 2014; 28(2): 58-61

scholarly journals Comparison of anthropometric data quality in children aged 6-23 and 24-59 months: lessons from population-representative surveys from humanitarian settings

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Bilukha ◽  
Alexia Couture ◽  
Kelly McCain ◽  
Eva Leidman
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Digit Preference ◽  
Anthropometric Indicators ◽  
Younger Age

Abstract Background Ensuring the quality of anthropometry data is paramount for getting accurate estimates of malnutrition prevalence among children aged 6–59 months in humanitarian and refugee settings. Previous reports based on data from Demographic and Health Surveys suggested systematic differences in anthropometric data quality between the younger and older groups of preschool children. Methods We analyzed 712 anthropometric population-representative field surveys from humanitarian and refugee settings conducted during 2011–2018. We examined and compared the quality of five anthropometric indicators in children aged 6–23 months and children aged 24–59 months: weight for height, weight for age, height for age, body mass index for age and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) for age. Using the z-score distribution of each indicator, we calculated the following parameters: standard deviation (SD), percentage of outliers, and measures of distribution normality. We also examined and compared the quality of height, weight, MUAC and age measurements using missing data and rounding criteria. Results Both SD and percentage of flags were significantly smaller on average in older than in younger age group for all five anthropometric indicators. Differences in SD between age groups did not change meaningfully depending on overall survey quality or on the quality of age ascertainment. Over 50% of surveys overall did not deviate significantly from normality. The percentage of non-normal surveys was higher in older than in the younger age groups. Digit preference score for weight, height and MUAC was slightly higher in younger age group, and for age slightly higher in the older age group. Children with reported exact date of birth (DOB) had much lower digit preference for age than those without exact DOB. SD, percentage flags and digit preference scores were positively correlated between the two age groups at the survey level, such as those surveys showing higher anthropometry data quality in younger age group also tended to show higher quality in older age group. Conclusions There should be an emphasis on increased rigor of training survey measurers in taking anthropometric measurements in the youngest children. Standardization test, a mandatory component of the pre-survey measurer training and evaluation, of 10 children should include at least 4–5 children below 2 years of age.

Quality of life in young men after radical prostatectomy: Results from the CaPSURE registry

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4576-4576 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Wright ◽  
D. W. Lin ◽  
J. E. Cowan ◽  
J. Duchane ◽  
P. R. Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Multivariate Model ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
One Year

4576 Background: Over the past two decades, the age at diagnosis and treatment of men with prostate cancer (CaP) has steadily declined. Previous work suggests that younger men have similar or improved pathologic and clinical outcomes compared to older men. The literature on quality of life (QOL) following local treatment for CaP has primarily focused on comparing treatment modalities rather than specific age groups. This analysis explored QOL outcomes in younger men following primary curative treatment for localized prostate cancer. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a prospectively collected cohort from the CaPSURE (Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Endeavor) registry. Men who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized disease and completed the UCLA Prostate Cancer Index (PCI) pre- and one-year post-surgery were identified. Men were grouped based on age (< 55, 55–64, ≥ 65 years). A severe decline in PCI domains from pre- to post-RP was defined as a decrease of one standard deviation from the pre-RP score. PCI scores were compared across age groups, and a multivariate model created to analyze the predictors of severe declines in PCI domains. Results: 1,143 men were identified, with 190, 526 and 427 men in the three age groups, respectively. Younger men had significantly higher mean scores one-year after RP in the urinary function (UF), urinary bother (UB) and sexual function (SF) domains of the PCI. The proportion of men with a severe decline in UF, UB and SF was not significantly different in the age groups (range 49–54%, 32–38%, 58–51% respectively). However, a severe decline in SB was more common in the youngest age group than in the oldest (54% vs. 36%, p < 0.01). With the youngest men as the reference group in the multivariate model, the oldest age group was 40% less likely to have a severe decline of SB (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.41–0.90, p = 0.04) but trended toward a higher risk of severe decline in UB (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 0.85–1.89, p = 0.08). Conclusions: Age predicts disease-specific QOL changes at one-year following RP. Younger men had significantly better mean UF, UB, and SF domain scores one-year after RP than did their older counterparts. Men < 55 years old are more likely than older men to experience a severe decline of sexual bother but trend toward a lower risk of a severe urinary bother. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Is age group a predictive factor for satisfaction among patients undergoing sympathectomy to treat hyperhidrosis?

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ribas Milanez de Campos ◽  
Nelson Wolosker ◽  
Marco Antonio Soares Munia ◽  
Guilherme Yazbek ◽  
Paulo Kauffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Compensatory Hyperhidrosis ◽  
Thoracic Sympathectomy ◽  
Video Assisted ◽  
Primary Hyperhidrosis

OBJECTIVE: Video-assisted thoracic sympathectomy is currently the procedure of choice for the definitive treatment of primary hyperhidrosis, because it is an effective, safe, and minimally invasive method. In the search for better quality of life indexes, all researchers look for predictive factors indicating better surgical outcomes. Failure in the primary treatment, postoperative compensatory hyperhidrosis, body mass index over 25, level of resection of the sympathetic chain, and extent of resection are some of the factors that may negatively influence the results. The objective of this study was to compare, according to the age group, the quality of life after bilateral thoracic sympathectomy for treatment of primary hyperhidrosis in a cohort of 1,644 patients. METHODS: From February 2000 to October 2008, data were collected from 1,644 patients with palmar (71%) or axillary (29%) hyperhidrosis who underwent video-assisted thoracic sympathectomy. The patients were divided into three groups according to their ages. The first group consisted of patients up to 17 years-old, the second from 18 to 30 years-old, and the third of over 30 years-old. All patients had a body mass index of less than 25. RESULTS: In the evaluation 30 days after surgery, improvement of the quality of life in the three groups was observed. There was no significant difference between the age groups. In the present study, 91.9% of the patients presented compensatory hyperhidrosis, with no difference between the age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with primary hyperhidrosis experience quality of life improvement after thoracic sympathectomy regardless of their age.

scholarly journals LEADERSHIP SKILLS OF THE PRINCIPALS OF TEACHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN WEST BENGAL WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Angshuman Sheth ◽  
Sanat Kumar Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Leadership Quality ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Time Table ◽  
Academic Calendar

The leadership skills of a principal play a very important role in the management of a college. The progress of a college very much depends on the leadership skills of the principal. The present paper is being aimed to measure the leadership quality of the principal of various colleges in West Bengal. The study was conducted on a sample of 300 Principal randomly selected from the 19 districts namely Purba Bardhaman, Paschim Bardhman, Hooghly, Bankura, Purulia, Jhargram, Birbhum, Howrah, Kolkata, South 24 pgs, North 24 pgs, Murshidabad, Nadia, Purba Medinipur, Paschim Medinipur, Malda , Uttar dinajpur, Dakshin Dinajpur and jalpaiguri. A tool with 77 item was mead to do this research. There were eight types of dimension of leadership skills in this tool. These dimensions are 1. Dealing with student’s 2.Time table 3.Class allotment 4.Dealing with non-teaching staff 5.Incidental issues 6.Dealing with teachers 7.Administrative work and 8.Academic calendar. This study focuses on the above mention eight dimensions of leadership skills. Four types of age groups have been adopted in this study. These are 1.Below 40years age group, 2.40 to 50 years age group, 3.50 to 60 years age group, 4.Above 60 years age group.

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