scholarly journals Enhancing national data to align with policy objectives: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smoking prevalence at finer geographic levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson Wright ◽  
Ray Lovett ◽  
Yvette Roe ◽  
Alice Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Geospatial Analysis ◽  
Daily Smoking ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Torres Strait

Objectives The aim of the study was to assess the utility of national Aboriginal survey data in a regional geospatial analysis of daily smoking prevalence for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians and discuss the appropriateness of this analysis for policy and program impact assessment. Methods Data from the last two Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) national surveys of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey 2014–15 (n = 7022 adults) and the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey 2012–13 (n = 10 896 adults), were used to map the prevalence of smoking by Indigenous regions. Results Daily smoking prevalence in 2014–15 at Indigenous regions ranges from 27.1% (95%CI 18.9–35.3) in the Toowoomba region in Queensland to 68.0% (95%CI 58.1–77.9) in the Katherine region in the Northern Territory. The confidence intervals are wide and there is no significant difference in daily smoking prevalence between the two time periods for any region. Conclusion There are significant limitations with analysing national survey data at finer geographical scales. Given the national program for Indigenous tobacco control is a regional model, evaluation requires finer geographical analysis of smoking prevalence to inform public health progress, policy and program effects. Options to improve the data currently collected include increasing national survey sample sizes, implementing a smoking status question in census surveys, investing in current cohort studies focused on this population or implementing localised surveys. What is known about the topic? The last geospatial analysis of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smoking prevalence was undertaken in 1997. Current national survey data have not been analysed geospatially. What does this paper add? This paper provides new insights into the use of national survey data for understanding regional patterns and prevalence levels of smoking in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. What are the implications for practitioners? The findings of the study suggest caution when interpreting prevalence maps and highlight the need for greater sample sizes in national survey data. The analysis is also an opportunity to assess the use of national survey data in evaluating the policy impact of programs targeted at a regional level.

Mapping and Characterising HIV Transmission Hotspots in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Geospatial Analysis of National Survey Data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline A. Bulstra ◽  
Jan Hontelez ◽  
Federica Giardina ◽  
Richard Steen ◽  
Nico J. D. Nagelkerke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Geospatial Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Seroreactivity against Streptococcal DRS (Distantly Related to SIC) Protein Is a Predictor for End-Stage Renal Failure

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1699-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia A. F. Boon ◽  
James L. Munro ◽  
George W. Kan ◽  
James Burnell ◽  
Richard Speare
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Type B ◽  
End Stage Renal Failure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Torres Strait ◽  
End Stage

ABSTRACT We hypothesized that immunoreactivity against antigens from nephritic strains of Streptococcus pyogenes may be elevated in patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRF). Additionally, we investigated whether a difference in seroreactivity exists between nonindigenous and indigenous (Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander) patients. To examine these possibilities, antibodies against potentially nephritogenic proteins, streptokinase (Ska1) (from M1), streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type B (SpeB) (from M1), the streptococcal inhibitor of complement-mediated cell lysis (SIC) (from M1) and its two variants, closely related to SIC (CRS) (from M57) and distantly related to SIC (DRS) (from M12) were determined in 66 patients and 31 healthy controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A significantly higher proportion of patients compared to controls were seropositive to Ska1 (P = 0.004), DRS (P = 0.0003), CRS (P = 0.001), and SIC (P = 0.018). Regression analysis showed that seroreactivity to DRS (r 2 = 0.85, P = 0.001) predicted the development of ESRF and that being diabetic was positively associated with being an ESRF patient (r 2 = 0.37, P < 0.0001) and being indigenous (r 2 = 0.47, P < 0.0001). These results suggest that these ESRF patients were exposed to strains of S. pyogenes that secrete Ska1, DRS, CRS, and SIC and may have pathological significance. No significant difference was observed between the indigenous patients and nonindigenous patients.

scholarly journals Deadly progress: changes in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adult daily smoking, 2004–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Lovett ◽  
Katherine Thurber ◽  
Alyson Wright ◽  
Raglan Maddox ◽  
Emily Banks
Keyword(s):  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Daily Smoking ◽  
Australian Aboriginal ◽  
Torres Strait

Electronic Cigarette Use and Understanding Among a National Sample of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Smokers

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1434-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P Thomas ◽  
Nadia Lusis ◽  
Anke E Van der Sterren ◽  
Ron Borland
Keyword(s):  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
High Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Torres Strait ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Introduction Adult daily smoking prevalence in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population is 2.8 times that of other Australians. There is little data on prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. We measured e-cigarette use and beliefs about their harmfulness in national samples of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers and of all Australian smokers. Methods The Talking About the Smokes project interviewed a nationally representative quota sample of 1301 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers between August 2013 and August 2014. The Australian Wave 9 survey of the long-running International Tobacco Control Project interviewed 1093 smokers between February and May 2013. Estimates for all Australian smokers were standardized to the age and sex distribution of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers. Results Fewer Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander than all Australian smokers had tried an e-cigarette (21% vs. 30%). This was in part because of more Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers having not heard of e-cigarettes. Fewer Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers than all Australian smokers agreed that e-cigarettes are less harmful than conventional cigarettes (22% vs. 50%). Conclusions Many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers have used e-cigarettes. However, there is considerable misunderstanding about the relative harm of e-cigarettes compared with conventional cigarettes, in part because of the tight regulatory environment in Australia. Implications The study describes e-cigarette use and understanding in national samples of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers and of all Australian smokers. Only small studies have reported on e-cigarette use in this high smoking prevalence population. Fewer Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers than all Australian smokers had tried an e-cigarette and fewer agreed that e-cigarettes are less harmful than conventional cigarettes. Australian governments, health authorities, health professionals, and e-cigarette regulations should provide clearer messages that e-cigarettes are less harmful.

scholarly journals Mapping and characterising areas with high levels of HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa: A geospatial analysis of national survey data

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. e1003042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline A. Bulstra ◽  
Jan A. C. Hontelez ◽  
Federica Giardina ◽  
Richard Steen ◽  
Nico J. D. Nagelkerke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Geospatial Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

Is the Personal Always Political?

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Osborne ◽  
Yannick Dufresne ◽  
Gregory Eady ◽  
Jennifer Lees-Marshment ◽  
Cliff van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Political Sophistication ◽  
Knowledge Based

Abstract. Research demonstrates that the negative relationship between Openness to Experience and conservatism is heightened among the informed. We extend this literature using national survey data (Study 1; N = 13,203) and data from students (Study 2; N = 311). As predicted, education – a correlate of political sophistication – strengthened the negative relationship between Openness and conservatism (Study 1). Study 2 employed a knowledge-based measure of political sophistication to show that the Openness × Political Sophistication interaction was restricted to the Openness aspect of Openness. These studies demonstrate that knowledge helps people align their ideology with their personality, but that the Openness × Political Sophistication interaction is specific to one aspect of Openness – nuances that are overlooked in the literature.

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