scholarly journals Are immigrants at risk of heart disease in Australia? A systematic review

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayantha Dassanayake ◽  
Shyamali C Dharmage ◽  
Lyle Gurrin ◽  
Vijaya Sundararajan ◽  
Warren R Payne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Higher Alcohol ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
European Immigrants

We systematically reviewed the peer-reviewed literature to establish the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among immigrants in Australia and whether being an immigrant is a CVD risk factor. Of 23 studies identified, 12 were included. Higher prevalence of CVD was found among Middle Eastern, South Asian and some European immigrants. Higher prevalence of CVD risk factors was found among Middle Eastern and Southern European immigrants. Higher alcohol consumption was found among immigrants from New Zealand, the United Kingdom and Ireland. Smoking and physical inactivity were highly prevalent among most immigrants.

scholarly journals Anthropometric cut-points for discriminating diabetes and the metabolic syndrome among Arabs and Asians: the Kuwait Diabetes Epidemiology Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Victor M. Oguoma ◽  
Neil T. Coffee ◽  
Saad Alsharrah ◽  
Mohamed Abu-Farha ◽  
Faisal H. Al-Refaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
South Asian ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract This study aimed to determine anthropometric cut-points for screening diabetes and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Arab and South Asian ethnic groups in Kuwait and to compare the prevalence of the MetS based on the ethnic-specific waist circumference (WC) cut-point and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute WC criteria. The national population-based survey data set of diabetes and obesity in Kuwait adults aged 18–60 years was analysed. Age-adjusted logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted to evaluate for 3589 individuals the utility of WC, waist:height ratio (WHtR) and BMI to discriminate both diabetes and ≥3 CVD risk factors. Areas under the ROC curve were similar for WC, WHtR and BMI. In Arab men, WC, WHtR and BMI cut-offs for diabetes were 106 cm, 0·55 and 28 kg/m2 and for ≥3 CVD risk factors, 97 cm, 0·55 and 28 kg/m2, respectively. In Arab women, cut-offs for diabetes were 107 cm, 0·65 and 33 kg/m2 and for ≥3 CVD risk factors, 93 cm, 0·60 and 30 kg/m2, respectively. WC cut-offs were higher for South Asian women than men. IDF-based WC cut-offs corresponded to a higher prevalence of the MetS across sex and ethnic groups, compared with Kuwait-specific cut-offs. Any of the assessed anthropometric indices can be used in screening of diabetes and ≥3 CVD risk factors in Kuwaiti Arab and Asian populations. ROC values were similar. The WC threshold for screening the MetS in Kuwaiti Arabs and South Asians is higher for women.

Abstract P470: Heterogeneity In Prevalence Of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Hispanic Ethnic Groups: Evidence From The 2010-2018 National Health Interview Survey

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Elias ◽  
Ruth-alma N Turkson-ocran ◽  
Binu Koirala ◽  
Samuel Byiringiro ◽  
Hailey Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Hispanic Adults ◽  
Ethnic Subgroups

Introduction: Persons of Hispanic origin are a growing share of the U.S. population but include diverse ethnic groups with unique cultures, lifestyles, exposures, and countries of origin. Hispanics are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in comparison to non-Hispanics. However, few studies have examined the heterogeneity in their burden of CVD risk. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that there would be significant heterogeneity in the prevalence of CVD risk factors among ethnic subgroups of Hispanic adults. Methods: We used a cross-sectional design to examine the prevalence of CVD risk factors, defined per national guidelines, among Hispanic adults in the 2010-2018 National Health Interview Surveys. Generalized linear models using Poisson distribution were fitted to obtain adjusted predicted probabilities and risk of self-reported hypertension, overweight/obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, physical inactivity, and current smoking by Hispanic ethnic subgroup. Results: We included 185,511 participants with mean(±sd) age 31(0.2) years and 50% male. Most were Mexican (65.1%) whereas, few were Dominican (3.0%). Prevalence of hypertension (28.4%), diabetes (12.9%), high cholesterol (25.0%), and current smoking (6.1%) was highest among Puerto Ricans. Prevalence of overweight/obesity was highest among Mexicans (74.5%) and physical inactivity was highest among Dominicans (62.3%). Compared to Mexicans, Central Americans were less likely to smoke and have hypertension, overweight/obesity, and diabetes (ps<0.05). ( Table ) Conclusion: We observed striking heterogeneity in the prevalence of CVD risk factors across Hispanic ethnic subgroups, especially for diabetes, physical inactivity, and smoking. These results suggest that aggregating data on Hispanics may mask differences in CVD risk and hinder efforts to reduce health disparities in this population. Our findings provide actionable information on CVD risk factors for specific Hispanic ethnic subgroups.

scholarly journals User Engagement With Smartphone Apps and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Outcomes: Systematic Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M Spaulding ◽  
Francoise A Marvel ◽  
Rebecca J Piasecki ◽  
Seth S Martin ◽  
Jerilyn K Allen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
User Engagement ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND The use of mobile health (mHealth) interventions, including smartphone apps, for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has demonstrated mixed results for obesity, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and hypertension management. A major factor attributing to the variation in mHealth study results may be mHealth user engagement. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to determine if user engagement with smartphone apps for the prevention and management of CVD is associated with improved CVD health behavior change and risk factor outcomes. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase databases from 2007 to 2020. Studies were eligible if they assessed whether user engagement with a smartphone app used by an individual to manage his or her CVD risk factors was associated with the CVD health behavior change or risk factor outcomes. For eligible studies, data were extracted on study and sample characteristics, intervention description, app user engagement measures, and the relationship between app user engagement and the CVD risk factor outcomes. App user engagement was operationalized as general usage (eg, number of log-ins or usage days per week) or self-monitoring within the app (eg, total number of entries made in the app). The quality of the studies was assessed. RESULTS Of the 24 included studies, 17 used a randomized controlled trial design, 4 used a retrospective analysis, and 3 used a single-arm pre- and posttest design. Sample sizes ranged from 55 to 324,649 adults, with 19 studies recruiting participants from a community setting. Most of the studies assessed weight loss interventions, with 6 addressing additional CVD risk factors, including diabetes, sleep, stress, and alcohol consumption. Most of the studies that assessed the relationship between user engagement and reduction in weight (9/13, 69%), BMI (3/4, 75%), body fat percentage (1/2, 50%), waist circumference (2/3, 67%), and hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub> (3/5, 60%) found statistically significant results, indicating that greater app user engagement was associated with better outcomes. Of 5 studies, 3 (60%) found a statistically significant relationship between higher user engagement and an increase in objectively measured physical activity. The studies assessing the relationship between user engagement and dietary and diabetes self-care behaviors, blood pressure, and lipid panel components did not find statistically significant results. CONCLUSIONS Increased app user engagement for prevention and management of CVD may be associated with improved weight and BMI; however, only a few studies assessed other outcomes, limiting the evidence beyond this. Additional studies are needed to assess user engagement with smartphone apps targeting other important CVD risk factors, including dietary behaviors, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and hypertension. Further research is needed to assess mHealth user engagement in both inpatient and outpatient settings to determine the effect of integrating mHealth interventions into the existing clinical workflow and on CVD outcomes.

scholarly journals Restrictive pattern on spirometry: association with cardiovascular risk and level of physical activity in asymptomatic adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evandro Fornias Sperandio ◽  
Rodolfo Leite Arantes ◽  
Agatha Caveda Matheus ◽  
Rodrigo Pereira da Silva ◽  
Vinícius Tonon Lauria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Systemic Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Restrictive Pattern

Objective : To determine whether a restrictive pattern on spirometry is associated with the level of physical activity in daily life (PADL), as well as with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, in asymptomatic adults. Methods : A total of 374 participants (mean age, 41 ± 14 years) underwent spirometry, which included the determination of FVC and FEV1. A restrictive pattern on spirometry was defined as an FEV1/FVC ratio > 0.7 and an FVC < 80% of the predicted value. After conducting demographic, anthropometric, and CVD risk assessments, we evaluated body composition, muscle function, and postural balance, as well as performing cardiopulmonary exercise testing and administering the six-minute walk test. The PADL was quantified with a triaxial accelerometer. Results : A restrictive pattern on spirometry was found in 10% of the subjects. After multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for confounders (PADL and cardiorespiratory fitness), the following variables retained significance (OR; 95% CI) as predictors of a restrictive pattern: systemic arterial hypertension (17.5; 1.65-184.8), smoking (11.6; 1.56-87.5), physical inactivity (8.1; 1.43-46.4), larger center-of-pressure area while standing on a force platform (1.34; 1.05-1.71); and dyslipidemia (1.89; 1.12-1.98). Conclusions : A restrictive pattern on spirometry appears to be common in asymptomatic adults. We found that CVD risk factors, especially systemic arterial hypertension, smoking, and physical inactivity, were directly associated with a restrictive pattern, even when the analysis was adjusted for PADL and cardiorespiratory fitness. Longitudinal studies are needed in order to improve understanding of the etiology of a restrictive pattern as well as to aid in the design of preventive strategies.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Complications in CKD Patients: Role of Oxidative Stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira O. Gosmanova ◽  
Ngoc-Anh Le
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Chronic Kidney Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk

Starting with the early stages, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience higher burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, CVD complications are the major cause of mortality in CKD patients as compared with complications from chronic kidney failure. While traditional CVD risk factors, including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, physical inactivity, may be more prevalent among CKD patients, these factors seem to underestimate the accelerated cardiovascular disease in the CKD population. Search for additional biomarkers that could explain the enhanced CVD risk in CKD patients has gained increasing importance. Although it is unlikely that any single nontraditional risk factor would fully account for the increased CVD risk in individuals with CKD, oxidative stress appears to play a central role in the development and progression of CVD and its complications. We will review the data that support the contribution of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of CVD in patients with chronic kidney failure.

scholarly journals Initial Outcomes of CardioClick, a Telehealth Program for Preventive Cardiac Care: Observational Study

JMIR Cardio ◽  
10.2196/28246 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. e28246
Author(s):  
Neil M Kalwani ◽  
Austin N Johnson ◽  
Vijaya Parameswaran ◽  
Rajesh Dash ◽  
Fatima Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Patient Engagement ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Preventive Cardiology ◽  
Asian Patients ◽  
Cardiology Clinic ◽  
Cvd Prevention

Background Telehealth use has increased in specialty clinics, but there is limited evidence on the outcomes of telehealth in primary cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial outcomes of CardioClick, a telehealth primary CVD prevention program. Methods In 2017, the Stanford South Asian Translational Heart Initiative (a preventive cardiology clinic focused on high-risk South Asian patients) introduced CardioClick, which is a clinical pathway replacing in-person follow-up visits with video visits. We assessed patient engagement and changes in CVD risk factors in CardioClick patients and in a historical in-person cohort from the same clinic. Results In this study, 118 CardioClick patients and 441 patients who received in-person care were included. CardioClick patients were more likely to complete the clinic’s CVD prevention program (76/118, 64.4% vs 173/441, 39.2%, respectively; P<.001) and they did so in lesser time (mean, 250 days vs 307 days, respectively; P<.001) than the patients in the historical in-person cohort. Patients who completed the CardioClick program achieved reductions in CVD risk factors, including blood pressure, lipid concentrations, and BMI, which matched or exceeded those observed in the historical in-person cohort. Conclusions Telehealth can be used to deliver care effectively in a preventive cardiology clinic setting and may result in increased patient engagement. Further studies on telehealth outcomes are needed to determine the optimal role of virtual care models across diverse preventive medicine clinics.

Abstract MP23: Association of Trajectories of Adulthood Weight Gain with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Participants 50-74 Years in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Fernández-Rhodes ◽  
Anne Justice ◽  
Sheila F Castañeda ◽  
Christina Buelna ◽  
Carmen R Isasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Mixture Model ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Modifiable Factors

The CVD health of US Hispanic/Latino individuals—the second largest ethnic group in the US—is a top public health priority. Although Hispanic/Latino individuals have higher rates of obesity than non-Hispanic Whites, the pattern of adulthood weight gain in this diverse group and its relationship with CVD risk factors are unknown. We examined trajectories of weight gain and the associations of these trajectory classes with dyslipidemia, diabetes, physical inactivity, poor diet quality and hypertension among HCHS/SOL participants baseline ages 50-74 years. HCHS/SOL is a population-based cohort study of self-identified Hispanic/Latino adults from four urban US communities. At baseline HCHS/SOL participants were asked to recall/report their body weight at 21, 45, 65 years old, last year and currently (kg or lb, 2008-2011). We used a finite mixture model (selected for ≤10 classes, ≥3% of sample per class and favored by change in the Bayesian Information Criterion) to assign individuals with two or more self-reported weights to their most likely trajectory class. We then described the distribution of class membership across categories of CVD risk factors (Wald Chi-square test). All analyses accounted for the complex sampling design of HCHS/SOL and were adjusted for baseline age, height, and gender. There were 6,779 individuals who reported weights at 2-5 time points (25,687 observations). In the final four-group quadratic trajectory mixture model the two most common classes comprised individuals who on average maintained a normal weight in adulthood (18.5-24.9kg/m 2 ) but became overweight (≥25kg/m 2 ) in their 50s (class 1: 38% of sample), or who gained enough weight in early adulthood to become overweight by their 30s and obese (≥30kg/m 2 ) by their 50s (class 2: 43%). The other two classes were characterized by more severe weight gain across adulthood, but these classes were less common (class 3: 16%; class 4: 3%). Individuals grouped in class 3 on average had a normal weight in their 20s, gained weight steadily, and became obese by their 40s. Class 4 represented the most dynamic trajectory, wherein individuals began overweight in their 20s and gained >40kg by their late 50s when they began to lose weight. At baseline dyslipidemia, untreated diabetes (p<0.007), and physical inactivity (p=0.8) were most common in class 3. Class 4 was characterized at baseline by the poorest diet quality and highest prevalence of hypertension and treated diabetes (p<0.001). In summary our results indicate that although weight gain was ubiquitous, more than a third of participants aged 50-74 years belonged to a trajectory class that did not develop obesity during adulthood. Trajectories of extreme weight gain were associated with a higher burden of CVD risk factors. Future studies should investigate modifiable factors that influence trajectories and could serve as targets for public health interventions in CVD.

Incorporating healthy dietary changes in addition to an increase in fruit and vegetable intake further improves the status of cardiovascular disease risk factors: A systematic review, meta-regression, and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 532-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darel Wee Kiat Toh ◽  
Evangelyn Sihui Koh ◽  
Jung Eun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Meta Regression

Abstract Context Fruit and vegetable (FV) intake has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Beyond increasing FV intake, the incorporation of other healthy dietary changes may help to further attenuate CVD risk. Objective A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of increasing FV intake to &gt; 3 servings daily as well as incorporating other healthy dietary changes on classical CVD risk factors through a systematic review, meta-regression, and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Data Sources The following databases were searched: PubMed, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Medline (ProQuest), and Cochrane Library. Data Extraction 82, 24, and 10 articles were selected for the systematic review, meta-regression, and meta-analysis, respectively. Data Analysis Meta-regression analysis showed a dose-dependent response between the number of FV servings consumed in each intervention group and the blood triglyceride change value. Pooled weighted mean differences from the meta-analysis suggested that increasing FV intake to &gt; 3 servings daily contributes to significant decreases in triglyceride (−0.10 mmol/L; 95%CI, −0.18 to −0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (−1.99 mmHg; 95%CI, −2.28 to −1.70) as well as marginal decreases in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. While improvements were observed in the triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol response following the incorporation of other healthy dietary changes, no additional cardiovascular benefits were observed when FV intake was increased from &gt; 3 to &gt; 5 servings daily. Conclusion Increasing FV intake to &gt; 3 servings daily improves CVD risk factors, most distinctly triglyceride, especially when complemented with other healthy dietary changes.

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