scholarly journals Doctor and pharmacist — back to the apothecary!

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siaw-Teng Liaw ◽  
Gregory Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Unintended Effects ◽  
Quality Use Of Medicines ◽  
Ongoing Training ◽  
Timely Access

The Australian National Medicines Policy embodies four tenets: availability, quality, safety and efficacy of medicines; timely access to affordable medicines; quality use of medicines (QUM); and a responsible and viable medicines industry. The promotion of QUM requires a multidisciplinary approach, including contributions from government, the pharmaceutical industry, health professionals, consumers and academia. However, there are significant tensions and unintended effects associated with the multidisciplinary approach, especially with the relationships between prescribers and dispensers of medicines. The general practitioner and the pharmacist share a common ancestor ? the apothecary. The separation of dispensing from prescribing, which began in medieval Europe and 19th century England, reframed and confined the patient?doctor relationship to one of diagnosis, prescription and non-drug management. The role of pharmacists was limited to dispensing, though the present trend is for their responsibilities to be widened. Historical antecedents, the contribution of an increasing number of actors to the costs of health care, universal health insurance and an evolving regulatory framework, are among the factors influencing doctor?pharmacist relations. The prescribing and dispensing of medicines must be guided by an ethical clinical governance structure encompassing health professionals, regulators, the pharmaceutical industry and consumers. There must be close monitoring of safety and effectiveness, and promotion of quality use of medicines and improved patient outcomes. Ongoing training and professional development, within and across professional boundaries, is essential to support harmonious and cost-effective interprofessional practice. The approach must be ?apothecarial? with complementary roles and responsibilities for the prescriber and dispenser within the patient?clinician therapeutic relationship, and not adversarial.

scholarly journals Mandatory Disclosure of Pharmaceutical Industry-Funded Events for Health Professionals

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. e1000128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Robertson ◽  
Ray Moynihan ◽  
Emily Walkom ◽  
Lisa Bero ◽  
David Henry
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Mandatory Disclosure

scholarly journals Consuming sustainable seafood: guidelines, recommendations and realities

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1503-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K Farmery ◽  
Gabrielle O’Kane ◽  
Alexandra McManus ◽  
Bridget S Green
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Seafood Consumption ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Seafood Industry ◽  
Consumption Advice

AbstractObjectiveEncouraging people to eat more seafood can offer a direct, cost-effective way of improving overall health outcomes. However, dietary recommendations to increase seafood consumption have been criticised following concern over the capacity of the seafood industry to meet increased demand, while maintaining sustainable fish stocks. The current research sought to investigate Australian accredited practising dietitians’ (APD) and public health nutritionists’ (PHN) views on seafood sustainability and their dietary recommendations, to identify ways to better align nutrition and sustainability goals.DesignA self-administered online questionnaire exploring seafood consumption advice, perceptions of seafood sustainability and information sources of APD and PHN. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected via open and closed questions. Quantitative data were analysed with χ2 tests and reported using descriptive statistics. Content analysis was used for qualitative data.SettingAustralia.SubjectsAPD and PHN were targeted to participate; the sample includes respondents from urban and regional areas throughout Australia.ResultsResults indicate confusion around the concept of seafood sustainability and where to obtain information, which may limit health professionals’ ability to recommend the best types of seafood to maximise health and sustainability outcomes. Respondents demonstrated limited understanding of seafood sustainability, with 7·5 % (n 6/80) satisfied with their level of understanding.ConclusionsNutrition and sustainability goals can be better aligned by increasing awareness on seafood that is healthy and sustainable. For health professionals to confidently make recommendations, or identify trade-offs, more evidence-based information needs to be made accessible through forums such as dietetic organisations, industry groups and nutrition programmes.

scholarly journals Practical applications of regulatory requirements for signal detection and communications in pharmacovigilance

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204209862090961
Author(s):  
Marina A. Malikova
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Safety Alert ◽  
Potential Safety ◽  
Post Marketing ◽  
Regulatory Decisions

Pharmacovigilance is a field where communication is crucial, and exchange of information is expected to be done in a timely manner. Information from individual case reports is transmitted from pharmaceutical industry and health professionals to the regulatory authorities. The safety profile of a drug is established by analyzing individual cases and aggregate reports. The cumulative information, obtained from these reports, can be used to assist pharmacovigilance professionals in the detection of potential safety signals by monitoring evolving trends. If there is a message identifying concern as potential safety signal, the transmission of individual case reports, as well as cumulative and aggregate reports will occur from pharmaceutical industry to the regulators; and based on their assessments of causality in relationship to the drug, the regulatory decisions will be made. Once regulators confirming a signal as a possible safety alert have made the decision, the decisions and the reasons must be communicated to health professionals, the pharmaceutical industry, and other parties involved (e.g. clinical trials participants, investigators, consumers and medical professionals at post-marketing stage, etc.).

scholarly journals Movement disorders: a themed collection

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Victoria J Haunton
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Allied Health Professionals ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Qualitative Work ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms

Abstract Movement disorders are a diverse and challenging group of neurological conditions. Geriatricians and allied health professionals play a key role in the care of patients living with these disorders. Age and Ageing is making freely available online a collection of 15 papers that highlight the breadth and depth of this field. Perhaps unsurprisingly papers on Parkinson’s disease predominate, but rarer movement disorders, including those seen following stroke and Huntington’s disease, are also represented. Difficulties in diagnosis are explored, together with innovative approaches to management of both motor and non-motor symptoms. The collection includes qualitative work, longitudinal studies and clinical trials, and both the individual patient perspective and the international perspective are considered. There are papers for generalists, papers for specialists, papers for clinical commissioners and papers for researchers. Comprehensive review articles provide clarity, guidance and pragmatism. Finally, a New Horizons article encourages us to look to the future of movement disorders, which lies not only in developing novel therapies and trials but also in recognising the enormous value of palliative care and the multidisciplinary approach.

scholarly journals Mental health professionals’ perceptions on patients control of data sharing

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 2011-2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Ivanova ◽  
Adela Grando ◽  
Anita Murcko ◽  
Michael Saks ◽  
Mary Jo Whitfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Timely Access ◽  
The Impact

Integrated mental and physical care environments require data sharing, but little is known about health professionals’ perceptions of patient-controlled health data sharing. We describe mental health professionals’ views on patient-controlled data sharing using semi-structured interviews and a mixed-method analysis with thematic coding. Health information rights, specifically those of patients and health care professionals, emerged as a key theme. Behavioral health professionals identified patient motivations for non-sharing sensitive mental health records relating to substance use, emergency treatment, and serious mental illness (94%). We explore conflicts between professional need for timely access to health information and patient desire to withhold some data categories. Health professionals’ views on data sharing are integral to the redesign of health data sharing and informed consent. As well, they seek clarity about the impact of patient-controlled sharing on health professionals’ roles and scope of practice.

OP113 Iramuteq Analysis Of Trastuzumab's Public Consultation In Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
Viviane Carvalho ◽  
Everton Silva ◽  
Maria-Sharmila Sousa ◽  
Ricardo Sampaio ◽  
Jorge Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Public Consultation ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Public Consultations

Introduction:In Brazil, the “Sistema Unico de Saúde” (SUS) is a public health system that has universal coverage, comprehensive care, and principles like community participation. The incorporation, update or exclusion of new health technologies is done by the National Committee for Technology Incorporation (CONITEC), which issues reports on the incorporation of technologies and submits them to public consultations, which is the main mechanism of public involvement and an opportunity to influence the decision to access and coverage to new health technologies. Our study aimed to investigate a typology of social representations on the contributions from 2012 to the CONITEC's public consultations to the incorporation of Trastuzumab for the treatment of initial breast cancer in Brazil.Methods:Our study deployed a mixed-methods approach to semi-quantitatively analyze the social representativeness and corpus composition of all the public consultation contributions for the recommendation of the Trastuzumab's incorporation for treatment of initial breast cancer within SUS, as well as the authors' qualitative analysis of the IRAMUTEQ software as a potential effective and efficient tool to semi-qualitatively analyze such public consultations. All contributions were included (127 contributions, from several Brazilian states) and organized into a single corpus, which was submitted to 5 types of analyzes (classical lexical analysis, analysis of group specificities, descending hierarchical classification; similitude analysis and word cloud).Results:The general corpus consisted of 114 texts, separated into 685 text segments (TS), with use of 79.12 percent of total TS (684). The analyzed content was categorized into four classes: Class 1 – Patient Representations/ Advocacy (186 ST-34.3 percent); Class 2: Pharmaceutical Industry/ Advocacy (181 ST-33.4 percent); Class 3: Health Professionals (81 ST-14.9 percent); and Class 4: Individual Contributions (94 -17.3 percent). Class 1 corpus consisted mostly of contributions made from a breast cancer patient association/ advocacy report, which focused mainly on lay expertise terminology. We observed a proximity in corpus between Classes 2 and 3, showing a potential approximation between the pharmaceutical industry and health professionals' contributions, to whom the main word occurrences related to health technologies. Class 4 corpus focused on improvement and individual need, as well as in corpus referring to SUS.Conclusions:From our findings, we observed: (i) a potential similarity in contributions of health professionals and pharmaceutical industry; (ii) how lay expertise might affect the contributions of patients individually and within advocacy and patient organizations; and (iii) the uses and limitations of IRAMUTEQ as potentially effective and efficient tool to semi-qualitatively analyze health technology assessment public consultation contributions.

Photomicrograph-Based Neuropathology Consultation in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 656-670
Author(s):  
Francis Zerd ◽  
Brian E Moore ◽  
Atuganile E Malango ◽  
Patrick W Hosokawa ◽  
Kevin O Lillehei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Second Opinion ◽  
Muhimbili National Hospital ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Ongoing Training ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Static Images ◽  
Diagnostic Support

Abstract Objectives Since neuropathologic diagnosis in the developing world is hampered by limitations in technical infrastructure, trained laboratory personnel, and subspecialty-trained pathologists, the use of telepathology for diagnostic support, second-opinion consultations, and ongoing training holds promise as a means of addressing these challenges. This study aims to assess the utility of static teleneuropathology in improving neuropathologic diagnoses in low- and middle-income countries. Methods Consecutive neurosurgical biopsy and resection specimens obtained at Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania between July 1, 2018, and June 30, 2019, were selected for retrospective, blinded static-image neuropathologic review followed by on-site review by an expert neuropathologist. Results A total of 75 neuropathologic cases were reviewed. The agreement of static images and on-site glass diagnosis was 71% with strict criteria and 88% with less stringent criteria. This represents an overall improvement in diagnostic accuracy from 36% by general pathologists to 71% by a neuropathologist using static telepathology (or from 76% to 88% with less stringent criteria). Conclusions Telepathology offers a promising means of providing diagnostic support, second-opinion consultations, and ongoing training to pathologists practicing in resource-limited countries. Moreover, static digital teleneuropathology is an uncomplicated, cost-effective, and reliable way to achieve these goals.

Task shifting in maternal and child health care: An evidence brief for Uganda

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Nabudere ◽  
Delius Asiimwe ◽  
Rhona Mijumbi
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Task Shifting ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
And Child Health

The Problem: There is a shortage and maldistribution of medically trained health professionals to deliver cost-effective maternal and child health (MCH) services. Hence, cost-effective MCH services are not available to over half the population of Uganda and progress toward the Millennium Development Goals for MCH is slow. Optimizing the roles of less specialized health workers (“task shifting”) is one strategy to address the shortage and maldistribution of more specialized health professionals.Policy Options: (i) Lay health workers (community health workers) may reduce morbidity and mortality in children under five and neonates; and training for traditional birth attendants may improve perinatal outcomes and appropriate referrals. (ii) Nursing assistants in facilities might increase the time available from nurses, midwives, and doctors to provide care that requires more training. (iii) Nurses and midwives to deliver cost-effective MCH interventions in areas where there is a shortage of doctors. (iv) Drug dispensers to promote and deliver cost-effective MCH interventions and improve the quality of the services they provide. The costs and cost-effectiveness of all four options are uncertain. Given the limitations of the currently available evidence, rigorous evaluation and monitoring of resource use and activities is warranted for all four options.Implementation Strategies: A clear policy on optimizing health worker roles. Community mobilization and reduction of out-of-pocket costs to improve mothers’ knowledge and care-seeking behaviors, continuing education, and incentives to ensure health workers are competent and motivated, and community referral and transport schemes for MCH care are needed.

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