An evaluation of sulfur efficiency parameters in soybean and wheat cropping systems in relation to fertiliser sulfur on a Typic Haplustert

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Ganeshamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
S Application ◽  
Optimum Production

Sulfur (S) efficiency parameters were evaluated in soybean-wheat cropping systems in relation to rates of applied S in field experiments on Typic Haplusterts. The parameters evaluated were grain yield per kg fertiliser S applied, S harvest index (SHI), S utilisation from soil (SUS), and fertiliser (SUF) and S efficiency ratios measured as grain yield per kg S uptake by the shoot or grain yield per kg S uptake by the grain. In addition, grain and straw yields, S uptake by both crops, and fertiliser S requirements for optimum production of the 2 crops were also studied. Both soybean and wheat crops responded significantly to S when applied at 0-40 kg/ha on S-deficient soils. The calculated optimum rates of application of fertiliser S to achieve 90% of the maximum yield were 19-38 kg S/ha for soybean and 28-33 kg S/ha for wheat over the 2-year period. The efficiency of crop production as measured by grain or seed yield per kg S applied was greater at lower rates of S application; however, when fertiliser S was applied at a higher rate than 40 kg S/ha, the efficiency declined. Wheat produced more grain yield per kg S applied than soybean. The SHI indicated more efficient translocation of S to soybean seeds than wheat grain. The SUF was greater in wheat, whereas SUS was similar in both soybean and wheat.

Yield or profit: alternatives to the development of national crop production

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 316 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Dmytro Zherlitsyn ◽  
Andrii Skrypnyk ◽  
Nataliia Klymenko ◽  
Kateryna Tuzhyk
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Target Function ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Production Research ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to determine with the help of econometric and optimization methods the priority strategies of agrarian business in the field of crop production and to compare with the existing leaders in the use of innovations in the field of crop production. Research methods. The study is based on the use of econometric analysis methods to build trends in grain yield dynamics in leading countries in the use of innovative agricultural technologies and optimization methods for the study of dominant strategies used by agricultural enterprises in crop production. Research results. As a result of using the declining marginal grain yield depending on the amount of costs, which are determined by the cost of importing technology per 1 ha, the optimal cost values for both maximum yield and maximum profit. It is shown that at certain time intervals the costs of farmers were excessively high not only in terms of profit optimization but also to optimize yields. It is assumed that taking into account the latest innovation trends, agribusiness will move to a strategy of profit maximization Scientific novelty. As a result of econometric analysis it is shown that the use as a target function of yield leads to a significant increase in the variability of this indicator, while a moderate increase in yield is accompanied by significantly less variability. Quantitative indicators of the impact of climate risks on grain yields in Ukraine have been obtained, which explain approximately 50% of the variance in the grain yield indicator in Ukraine. Practical significance. It is shown that the representation of marginal yield in the form of a decreasing linear function is confirmed in practice. Further research, which in the presence of detailed information on the production processes of individual enterprises can be conducted by panel regression (observation points are spaced in space and time), can provide a more detailed picture of the efficiency of individual production components in their areas of interaction. Tabl.: 4. Figs.: 3. Refs.: 19.

A comparison of tri-allate formulations for control of wild oats in wheat in northern New South Wales

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
RJ Martin ◽  
WL Felton ◽  
AJ Somervaille
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Liquid Formulation ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment

Three field trials and a glasshouse experiment were carried out in northern New South Wales to determine the effects of reduced mechanical incorporation and the presence of crop residues on the efficacy of liquid and granular formulations of triallate [S-(2,3,3-trichioroallyl) diisopropylthiocarbamate] for control of wild oats (Avena fatua and A. sterilis ssp. ludoviciana) in wheat. In field experiments, fallow management practices with surface crop residues ranging from nil to complete retention from the previous wheat crop, did not affect the performance of tri-allate (incorporated by sowing) in terms of control of wild oats and wheat grain yield response. Application of a granular formulation resulted in lower than expected wheat grain yields in 2 of the field experiments and phytotoxicity to the crop was suspected as the reason. Although soil incorporation improved the performance of tri-allate at the recommended rate of 0.8 kg/ha, satisfactory control of wild oats and profitable increases in wheat grain yield were obtained with tri-allate at 1.2 kg/ha when incorporated by sowing into seedbeds containing up to 2 t/ha of crop residue. We conclude that tri-allate as the liquid formulation at 1.2 kg/ha gives economic control of wild oats in no-tillage and stubble-mulched seedbeds when incorporated by sowing provided that the weed-free wheat grain yield potential is not less than 1.5 t/ha. Results from the glasshouse experiment, farmer experience and published literature support the practice of incorporating tri-allate into dry soil with subsequent activation by sowing rain. The potential use of the granular formulation is limited by the greater risk of crop damage compared with the liquid formulation.

Potentially mineralisable nitrogen: relationship to crop production and spatial mapping using infrared reflectance spectroscopy

Soil Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Murphy ◽  
M. Osman ◽  
C. A. Russell ◽  
S. Darmawanto ◽  
F. C. Hoyle
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Supply

Accurate and rapid prediction of the spatial structure of soil nitrogen (N) supply would have both economic and environmental benefits with respect to improved inorganic N fertiliser management. Yet traditional biochemical indices of soil N supply have not been widely incorporated into fertiliser decision support systems or environmental risk monitoring programs. Here we illustrate that in a low-input, semi-arid environment, potentially mineralisable N (PMN, as determined by anaerobic incubation) explained 21% of wheat grain yield (P = 0.003), whereas there was no significant relationship between wheat grain yield and inorganic N fertiliser application. We also assessed the spatial pattern of PMN using a structured grid soil sampling strategy over a 10-ha area (180 separate samples, 0–0.1 m). PMN in each soil sample was determined by standard biochemical analysis and also predicted using a fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). Findings illustrate that FTIR was able to significantly predict (P < 0.001) PMN values in soil and has the advantage of enabling high sample throughput and rapid (within minutes) soil analysis. Given the relatively low cost of FTIR machines and ease of use, such an approach has practical application in situations where analysis cost or access to equipped laboratories has hindered the measurement and monitoring of soil N supply within paddocks and across regions.

Response of Wheat on Coarse Textured Soils to Mode and Time of Manganese Application

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Takkar ◽  
V. K. Nayyar ◽  
U. S. Sadana
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Manganese Sulphate ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Manganese Uptake ◽  
Irrigated Wheat

SUMMARYTwo field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of rate, mode and time of application of manganese sulphate to irrigated wheat on manganese-deficient loamy sand (Ustipsamments) soils recently brought under rice. A significant increase in manganese uptake by wheat and marked increases in wheat grain and straw yields occurred following both soil (5, 10 and 20 kg Mn ha-1) and foliar (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% MnSO4 solution) application of manganese, but foliar application was more effective. A series of sprays initiated before the wheat was first irrigated (26 days after sowing) gave significantly better results than application begun after the first irrigation (32 days after sowing); four sprays of 0.5% MnSO4 solution produced the largest grain yield, followed by three of a 1% solution.

scholarly journals Impact of water quality, cultivation, and cropping systems on infiltration and physical properties of an arid clay soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Gharaibeh ◽  
N.I. Eltaif
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Irrigation with treated wastewater is essential for increasing crop production in arid and semi arid regions. Field experiments were conducted on rainfed clayey soil to investigate the impact of water quality, cultivation, and different cropping systems on cumulative infiltration (F<sub>(t)</sub>), field saturated hydraulic conductivity (HC<sub>fs</sub>), penetration resistance (PR), and water stable aggregates (WSA). Treatments were: (1) barley fields tilled for the past 20&nbsp;years (C<sub>B</sub>-T), (2) olive tree fields tilled for the past 20 years (C<sub>O</sub>-T), (3) non-cultivated field for 20&nbsp;years, tilled for the last 2 years (NC-T<sub>2yr</sub>), and (4) non-cultivated non-tilled field (NC-NT) for the past 20 years (control). Results indicated that F<sub>(t)</sub>, HC<sub>fs</sub>, PR, and WSA in NC-NT were significantly higher than in all other treatments. Compared to fresh water (FW), treated wastewater (TWW) significantly reduced F<sub>(t)</sub> and HC<sub>fs</sub> in all treatments. This study showed that irrigation with TWW and protection of soil from any physical manipulation improved soil hydraulic and physical properties to acceptable levels. Therefore, application of such practices could be recommended in arid clayey soils.

Effectiveness of elemental S fertilizers on forage grass

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
K. Heier ◽  
E. Solberg
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
S Application ◽  
S Fertilizers

Two field experiments were conducted from 1993 to 1995 to compare the effectiveness of various cumulative elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizer applications in increasing dry matter yield (DMY) and S uptake of forage grass. In exp. 1, one sulphate-S (Na2SO4) and two elemental S (Agric-Grade 0-0-0-95 and Tiger 90) fertilizers were applied annually to grass in mid to late April at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kg S ha−1 rates. The increase in DMY from S application was significantly lower with elemental S fertilizers than with Na2SO4 in the first and second years, but in the third year elemental S fertilizers had DMY increase similar to Na2SO4 In exp. 2, a number of elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers were applied annually to grass in mid- to late April at 15 kg S ha−1 rate. There was a marked increase in DMY from S application in all the 3 yr with the three sulphate-containing S fertilizers (Na2SO4, K2SO4 and CaSO4). When elemental S fertilizers were used, only Turf-Grade 0-0-0-95 increased DMY in all the 3 yr and it produced DMY increase similar to the sulphate-S fertilizers in the third year. Elemental S Prills did not produce any significant increase in DMY in any of the 3 yr. Other elemental S fertilizers [e.g., Elemental S Powder, Agric-Grade 0-0-0-95 and Tiger 90] increased DMY in the third year only, but this increase was still less than the sulfate-S fertilizers. Turf-Grade 0-0-0-95 (with smaller granules) produced greater DMY increase than Agric-Grade 0-0-0-95 (with larger granules) in all the 3 yr (though significant in the third year only). The S fertilizers that contained small amounts of sulphate-S in addition to elemental S were generally more effective in increasing DMY than the similar fertilizers containing only elemental S. The increase in S uptake from applied S in grass showed usually similar trends as DMY increase. In conclusion, the results suggest that some elemental S fertilizers can be as effective in increasing forage DMY on perennial grass as sulfate-S fertilizers. However, depending upon soil type and climatic conditions two or more growing seasons may be needed for S in the elemental S fertilizers to become fully available to the plants. Key words: Elemental S fertilizers, forage yield, grassland, sulphate-S fertilizers, sulphur uptake

Crop production in a rotation trial at Tarlee, South Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 865 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Tiller Density

A crop rotation trial was established in 1977 on a hard-setting red-brown earth at Tarlee, South Australia, to monitor the long-term effect of intensive and traditional rotations on soil properties and crop production. The rotations involve wheat alternating with cereals, grain legumes, pasture, and fallow. There are 3 stubble + tillage treatments: remove stubble + cultivate, retain stubble + cultivate, retain stubble + no tillage. Three rates of nitrogen (0,40, 80 kg N/ha as ammonium nitrate) are applied to the wheat. Grain yield varied with seasonal conditions, and water use efficiencies were up to 10 kg/ha. mm. In the more productive rotations, wheat grain yields expressed as a percentage of potential yield tended to increase over time. The best wheat yields were always in rotations that included a grain legume or legume pasture, with additional yield increases in all rotations coming from the use of N fertiliser. By comparison with rotation and N fertiliser effects, there was little effect of the stubble + tillage treatments on grain yield. Most of the yield variations were related to differences in tiller density or grains per ear, with grain weight remaining relatively constant over all seasons. There was a tendency for grain legume yields to decrease over the latter years of the trial, and this was attributed to the build-up of plant diseases through growing the same species on the same plot every second year. Overall, faba beans were the highest yielding grain legume, and the wheat-beans rotation, with 80 kg N/ha on the wheat, gave highest total grain production. Data for residue remaining after harvest indicate that in some years there is less than the desired minimum levels to give adequate protection against erosion, so any grazing of the residues must be carefully managed.

scholarly journals Effect of faecal sludge on cabbage production

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
Md Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Monjur Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
Faecal Sludge ◽  
Full Dosage

2.7 billion people worldwide rely on onsite sanitation and it is a big problem in developing countries. Faecal sludge is a good source of micro/macronutrients of plant besides its richness in organic matter. Two consecutive field experiments was conducted in BRAC Agricultural Research and Development Centre, Gazipur during Rabi 2015-16 and rabi 2016-17 aimed to determine the effect of faecal sludge on crop production and how much dosage need for maximum yield. Cabbage was the test crop. It was observed that harvesting time was significantly shortened and 25.51% curd weight and 26.55% yield was increase with addition of faecal and chemical fertilizer. No significant differences were found on the dosage of faecal on head formation and head diameter. In the addition of full dosage of faecal with chemical fertilizer, 41.04% and 8.61% curd weight increase than only faecal and chemical fertilizer. Application of full dosage of faecal with full dosages of chemical increases yield 7.28%, 10.66%, 6.88% and 38.75 % than application of half faecal, three-fourth faecal, only chemical fertilizer and only faecal. So addition of full dosage of faecal with chemical fertilizer gives the highest yield on crop. In Bangladesh, faecal might be recycled into agricultural soils as a supplement to commercial fertilizer and thereby enrich the general fertility of the soils and increase crop production.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (1): 43-45, June, 2017

scholarly journals Effects of spacings and butachlor levels on weed control, growth and yield of NERICA 1 rice (Oryza sativa L. x Oryza glaberrima L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-369
Author(s):  
Hassan Kasim ◽  
Ibrahim Musa ◽  
Mustapha Muhamman
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Oryza Glaberrima ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Main Plot

Poor agronomic practices coupled with herbicide mismanagement influence crop performance, yield, weed infestation and environmental hazards. Thus, field experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of spacing and reduced levels of butachlor on weed control and yield of NERICA 1 rice (Oryza sativa L. x Oryza glaberrima L). The experiments were conducted in the 2011 rainy season at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, and Lake Gerio, Yola in the 2012 dry season. Yola is located between latitude 9o14? N and longitude 12o28? E in the Northern Guinea Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria. Treatments consisted of four spacings (20 cm x 20 cm, etc.) and four butachlor levels (3, 2, 1, and 0 kg ha-1 a.i.). The experiments were laid out in a split-plot design with spacings assigned to the main plot and butachlor levels assigned to the sub-plot and were replicated three times. Data were taken on percentage establishment, number of leaves per plant, general weed cover, panicle length and grain yield per hectare. Data generated were subjected to analysis of variance. Means showing a significant F-test were separated using LSD. Results obtained showed that butachlor at 1 kg ha-1 and 14 cm x 14 cm spacing gave the highest grain yield of 1441 kg ha-1 and maximum weed control. They are, therefore, recommended for adoption by farmers in Yola and similar environments.

Plant density and yield of grain maize in England

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Bunting
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
The Difference

SUMMARYResults from 10 field experiments are reported. Inra 200, the standard variety in official maize grain trials in Britain, was grown in six of the trials; comparative information was obtained on a range of competitive commercial hybrids and an experimental, early flowering, hybrid. The final plant densities most commonly involved ranged from 5 to 20 plants/m2, with extremes of 2 and 30 plants/m2. The effects of spatial arrangement were also considered in multifactorial or systematic designs; in general, yields increased slightly with more even spacing but no evidence was adduced that spacing, within the limits likely to be encountered in commercial practice, would significantly modify interpretations of density effects.In all varieties tested, a satisfactory model for the response in yield of grain to changes in plant density was 1/y = a + bx + cx2, where y = grain yield/plant and x = density. Estimated parameter values, however, were not the same for all varieties and significant genotype × density interactions were obtained.Grain yield/unit area in Inra 200 was maximal at densities of 8–10 plants/m2, but the response curve did not have a pronounced peak; differences in average yieldat densities ranging from 6 to 14 plants/m2 were less than 6%, and yield at 20 plants/m2 was about 80% of the maximum. Other flint × dent hybrids grown commercially for grain in northern areas (Anjou 210, L.G. 11, Warwick SL 209) reached maximum grain yield/unit area at lower densities (6–8 plants/m2), and the decline in yield with increasing density was much more marked than in Inra 200. In contrast, an earlier flowering, shorter growing, experimental hybrid (ARC 51 A) did not reach maximum yield until density was raised to 14 plants/m2, and was even more tolerant of high plant densities than Inra 200. With increasing plant density the number of ears/plant declined, falling below 1–0 in Inra 200 at densities in excess of 10 plants/m2, and averaging about 0–8 at plants/m2. Over the range 6–20 plants/m2 shelling percentage was reduced by no more than 4%, but water content of the ear (grain plus rachis) increased significantly with density. In the very early hybrid, ARC 51A, the difference in water content of the ear at 6 and 20 plants/m2 was less than 3%, but in Inra 200 it averaged about 8% and in varieties less tolerant of high densities it was often ofthe order of 15%. These results could be related to the delaying effects of increasing density on time of silk emergence. Relatively, time of pollen shed was little affected by density changes. In Inra 200 the difference in time between mid-anthesis and mid-silk was about 7 days more at 20 plants/m2 than at 6 plants/m2 while in Anjou 210 and Kelvedon 59A the comparable increase was 14 days.The practical significance of the findings is discussed in relation to current grain and silage maize production practices, and to future breeding and testing programmes in Northern Europe.

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