Multiple Visual Latency

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 69-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Allik ◽  
K Kreegipuu
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Visual Events ◽  
Visual Latency ◽  
Relative Delay ◽  
Perceptual Latency ◽  
Visual Delay ◽  
Movement Discrimination

It has long been known that the time taken to detect a dim visual stimulus is longer than that to detect a bright one, with a relative delay of up to several tens of milliseconds. Systematic studies of various phenomena demonstrating this delay have revealed that the perceptual latency decreases monotonically as the stimulus intensity increases. Because latencies measured by psychological methods and cortical evoked responses are very similar to electroretinogram latencies, it has become a common belief that there is little in the intensity-dependent latency function that cannot be explained by retinal processes. We report evidence that there is not one absolute visual delay common to the whole visual system, but that the delay varies considerably in different perceptual subsystems. The relative visual latency was found to be considerably shorter in a movement-discrimination task than in other perceptual tasks which presume visual awareness of the onset of visual events, or of their temporal order.

Multiple Visual Latency

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jüri Allik ◽  
Kairi Kreegipuu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Visual Events ◽  
Visual Latency ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Perceptual Latency ◽  
Visual Delay

It has long been known that a dark visual stimulus is seen later than a bright one, with a delay up to several 10s of milliseconds. Systematic studies of various phenomena demonstrating this delay have revealed that the perceptual latency decreases monotonically as the stimulus intensity increases. Because latencies measured by psychological methods and cortical evoked responses are very similar to electroretinogram latencies, it has become a common belief that there is little in the intensity-dependent latency function that cannot be explained by retinal processes. In this study, we report evidence that there is no one absolute visual delay common to the whole visual system, but rather that the delay varies considerably in different perceptual subsystems. The relative visual latency was found to be considerably shorter in the task involving detecting the direction of movement than in other perceptual tasks that presume visual awareness of the beginning or temporal order of visual events.

Auditory Temporal Order Perception in Younger and Older Adults

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1052-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Fitzgibbons ◽  
Sandra Gordon-Salant
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Complex Stimulus ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Relative Pitch ◽  
Single Sequence

This investigation examined the abilities of younger and older listeners to discriminate and identify temporal order of sounds presented in tonal sequences. It was hypothesized that older listeners would exhibit greater difficulty than younger listeners on both temporal processing tasks, particularly for complex stimulus patterns. It was also anticipated that tone order discrimination would be easier than tone order identification for all listeners. Listeners were younger and older adults with either normal hearing or mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing losses. Stimuli were temporally contiguous three-tone sequences within a 1/3 octave frequency range centered at 4000 Hz. For the discrimination task, listeners discerned differences between standard and comparison stimulus sequences that varied in tonal temporal order. For the identification task, listeners identified tone order of a single sequence using labels of relative pitch. Older listeners performed more poorly than younger listeners on the discrimination task for the more complex pitch patterns and on the identification task for faster stimulus presentation rates. The results also showed that order discrimination is easier than order identification for all listeners. The effects of hearing loss on the ordering tasks were minimal.

Audiovisual Simultaneity Judgements in Synaesthesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Anna Borgolte ◽  
Ahmad Bransi ◽  
Johanna Seifert ◽  
Sermin Toto ◽  
Gregor R. Szycik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Multisensory Processing ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Visual Events

Abstract Synaesthesia is a multimodal phenomenon in which the activation of one sensory modality leads to an involuntary additional experience in another sensory modality. To date, normal multisensory processing has hardly been investigated in synaesthetes. In the present study we examine processes of audiovisual separation in synaesthesia by using a simultaneity judgement task. Subjects were asked to indicate whether an acoustic and a visual stimulus occurred simultaneously or not. Stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA) as well as the temporal order of the stimuli were systematically varied. Our results demonstrate that synaesthetes are better in separating auditory and visual events than control subjects, but only when vision leads.

scholarly journals Effects of Moderate-to-Vigorous Acute Exercise on Visual Consciousness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binn Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxu Meng ◽  
Yanglan Yu ◽  
Yaogang Han ◽  
Ying LIU
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Hit Rate ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
Speed Change ◽  
Visual Consciousness ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Subjective Reports

Abstract Background the effect of acute exercise on cognition covers almost all stages of information processing, but few studies have focused on visual awareness. Subjective reports on the appearance of faint speed-changes in the perception of stimuli were used as an index for visual consciousness. Visual consciousness was assessed after exercise or rest. Aside from subjective index, objective speed-change discrimination was added as an index for the level of consciousness. Results: the results showed that subjective reports on the appearance of faint speed-changes in the perception of stimuli were affected by acute aerobic exercise. The hit rate for speed-change detection was marginally significantly higher after exercise than sedentary condition. Furthermore, the d’ index was higher after exercise. Analysis of the results obtained for the objective discrimination task showed that discrimination speed was boosted only when subjects were aware of the speed-change. Conclusions: these results suggest that acute exercise enhances visual consciousness.

scholarly journals Visual delay affects force scaling and weight perception during object lifting in virtual reality

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 1398-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vonne van Polanen ◽  
Robert Tibold ◽  
Atsuo Nuruki ◽  
Marco Davare
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Visual Events ◽  
Object Lifting ◽  
Relative Weighting ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Visual Delay

Lifting an object requires precise scaling of fingertip forces based on a prediction of object weight. At object contact, a series of tactile and visual events arise that need to be rapidly processed online to fine-tune the planned motor commands for lifting the object. The brain mechanisms underlying multisensory integration serially at transient sensorimotor events, a general feature of actions requiring hand-object interactions, are not yet understood. In this study we tested the relative weighting between haptic and visual signals when they are integrated online into the motor command. We used a new virtual reality setup to desynchronize visual feedback from haptics, which allowed us to probe the relative contribution of haptics and vision in driving participants’ movements when they grasped virtual objects simulated by two force-feedback robots. We found that visual delay changed the profile of fingertip force generation and led participants to perceive objects as heavier than when lifts were performed without visual delay. We further modeled the effect of vision on motor output by manipulating the extent to which delayed visual events could bias the force profile, which allowed us to determine the specific weighting the brain assigns to haptics and vision. Our results show for the first time how visuo-haptic integration is processed at discrete sensorimotor events for controlling object-lifting dynamics and further highlight the organization of multisensory signals online for controlling action and perception. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Dexterous hand movements require rapid integration of information from different senses, in particular touch and vision, at different key time points as movement unfolds. The relative weighting between vision and haptics for object manipulation is unknown. We used object lifting in virtual reality to desynchronize visual and haptic feedback and find out their relative weightings. Our findings shed light on how rapid multisensory integration is processed over a series of discrete sensorimotor control points.

Intermodal Perception of Temporal Order and Motor Skills: Effects of Age

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 987-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert J. Dinnerstein ◽  
Phyllis Zlotogura
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Serial Reaction ◽  
Intermodal Perception ◽  
Perceptual Latency

Employing visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli, intermodal differences in perceptual latency were inferred by means of perception of temporal order (PTO) and by varieties of serial reaction times (RT) to the same stimuli. Skill at reading, peg board, tapping, and tracking was also determined for the same Ss. Mean intermodal differences in latency inferred from PTO were significantly different from those obtained from mean RTs. A correlation matrix showed that individual differences in visual, auditory and tactile latencies inferred from PTO were relatively independent of latencies inferred from RT. Consonant with previous studies, PTO scores correlated with reading rate and also with peg board speed. Taking age of Ss into account, the latter correlations were seen to be due exclusively to the presence of older Ss, who did show a correlation between PTO and RT. It was hypothesized that aged Ss show a decrease in perceptual “channel capacity” and a resulting overloading of short-term memory when faced with a complex perceptual and motor task.

Unconscious inference and conscious representation: Why primary visual cortex (V1) is directly involved in visual awareness

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhicheng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Delay Compensation ◽  
Visual Hierarchy ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Visual Delay

AbstractThe extent to which visual processing can proceed in the visual hierarchy without awareness determines the magnitude of perceptual delay. Increasing data demonstrate that primary visual cortex (V1) is involved in consciousness, constraining the magnitude of visual delay. This makes it possible that visual delay is actually within the optimal lengths to allow sufficient computation; thus it might be unnecessary to compensate for visual delay.The time delay problem – that perception lives slightly in the past as a result of neural conduction – has recently attracted a considerate amount of attention in the context of the flash-lag effect. The effect refers to a visual illusion wherein a brief flash of light and a continuously moving object that physically align in space and time are perceived to be displaced from one another – the flashed stimulus appears to lag behind the moving object (Krekelberg & Lappe 2001). In the target article, Nijhawan compellingly argues that delay compensation could be undertaken by a predictive process in the feedforward pathways in the vision system. Before jumping into the quest for the mechanism of delay compensation, however, I would like to argue that the magnitude of delay has been overestimated, and that it might even be unnecessary to compensate for such a delay.

scholarly journals Stuck on a Plateau? A Model-Based Approach to Fundamental Issues in Visual Temporal-Order Judgments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Tünnermann ◽  
Ingrid Scharlau
Keyword(s):  
Model Comparison ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Visual Cognition ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Visual Events ◽  
Temporal Order Judgments ◽  
Model Based Analysis

Humans are incapable of judging the temporal order of visual events at brief temporal separations with perfect accuracy. Their performance---which is of much interest in visual cognition and attention research---can be measured with the temporal-order judgment task, which typically produces S-shaped psychometric functions. Occasionally, researchers reported plateaus within these functions, and some theories predict such deviation from the basic S shape. However, the centers of the psychometric functions result from the weakest performance at the most difficult presentations and therefore fluctuate strongly, leaving existence and exact shapes of plateaus unclear. This study set out to investigate whether plateaus disappear if the data accuracy is enhanced, or if we are ``stuck on a plateau'', or rather with it. For this purpose, highly accurate data were assessed by model-based analysis. The existence of plateaus is confidently confirmed and two plausible mechanisms derived from very different models are presented. Neither model, however, performs well in the presence of a strong attention manipulation, and model comparison remains unclear on the question which of the models describes the data best. Nevertheless, the present study includes the highest accuracy in visual TOJ data and the most explicit models of plateaus in TOJ studied so far.

scholarly journals Stuck on a Plateau? A Model-Based Approach to Fundamental Issues in Visual Temporal-Order Judgments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Tünnermann ◽  
Ingrid Scharlau
Keyword(s):  
Model Comparison ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Visual Cognition ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Visual Events ◽  
Temporal Order Judgments ◽  
Model Based Analysis

Humans are incapable of judging the temporal order of visual events at brief temporal separations with perfect accuracy. Their performance---which is of much interest in visual cognition and attention research---can be measured with the temporal-order judgment task, which typically produces S-shaped psychometric functions. Occasionally, researchers reported plateaus within these functions, and some theories predict such deviation from the basic S shape. However, the centers of the psychometric functions result from the weakest performance at the most difficult presentations and therefore fluctuate strongly, leaving existence and exact shapes of plateaus unclear. This study set out to investigate whether plateaus disappear if the data accuracy is enhanced, or if we are ``stuck on a plateau'', or rather with it. For this purpose, highly accurate data were assessed by model-based analysis. The existence of plateaus is confidently confirmed and two plausible mechanisms derived from very different models are presented. Neither model, however, performs well in the presence of a strong attention manipulation, and model comparison remains unclear on the question which of the models describes the data best. Nevertheless, the present study includes the highest accuracy in visual TOJ data and the most explicit models of plateaus in TOJ studied so far.

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