The Impact of 3-D Video Endoscopy on Binocular Perception and Visually Guided Manipulation

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 36-36
Author(s):  
C von Pichler ◽  
S Fischer ◽  
K Radermacher ◽  
G Rau
Keyword(s):  
Depth Perception ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Clinical Routine ◽  
Direct View ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
Video Systems ◽  
General Improvement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Binocular Depth

Monocular video endoscopic systems are established in the clinical routine of surgical endoscopy. The introduction of 3-D video systems could improve visualisation of the intracorporal operating site because of the stereoscopic depth information. The goal of our investigations has been to quantify the influence of this visualisation technology on visual perception, on visually controlled endoscopic manipulations, and on the intraoperative performance, including ergonomic and psychophysical aspects. These results are used to define guidelines for improvement and for the integration of such systems into clinical routine so as to achieve optimal support of the medical team. The comparison of 2-D and 3-D video endoscopic systems showed a general improvement in the performance of endoscopic procedures. However, 30% – 50% of the users had perceptive problems with 3-D endoscopy. To study the problems quantitatively, we compared the case of stereoscopic visualisation with the real situation of direct view onto the specific objects. The users with problems had insufficient binocular depth perception of stereoscopic images for visual discrimination tasks, although their depth perception of real objects was good. Analysis of their eye movements showed significant differences compared with those of users with good binocular depth perception of stereo images. In particular, there were differences in the relation of vergence movements and accommodation. When we compared visually guided manipulations under stereoscopic video sight and direct view, we found the overall manipulative performance of all users to be the same, but the users with problems showed a lower performance in general. The experimental design and the results are discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Getting a grip on the resilience to blur: The impact of simulated vision loss on a visually guided combat sports interaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 101941
Author(s):  
Kai Krabben ◽  
David Mann ◽  
Arnt van Helden ◽  
Youri Kalisvaart ◽  
Daniel Fortin-Guichard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vision Loss ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Impact of Participative Decision-Making with Regards to Empowering Employees

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Rozana A Huq
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Employee Empowerment ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Abstract- There is a growing realisation that in the complexity of the post-modern world, it is becoming less and less feasible to concentrate leadership and decision-making solely at the top of the organisation.  Hence, one of the reasons for empowering employees is that employees are able to take decisions quickly, without looking for manager’s approval all the time, in a participative decision-making capacity. But, the lack of knowledge about employee empowerment and the absence of a framework for implementation has created problems.  Although there is high consensus in the management literature that employee empowerment is necessary for the survival and success of organisations, there are still considerable gaps in our knowledge and understanding of a range of issues concerning employee empowerment, both at the conceptual and practice levels [Conger and Kanungo, 1988; Morrell and Wilkinson, 2002; Huq, 2008; 2010; 2015].  This lack of knowledge is dangerous, as it has serious implications how ‘managers and non-managers conceptualize employee empowerment’ [Hill and Huq, 2004: 1025]. The aim of this research titled: An Investigation of What Employee Empowerment Means in Theory and in Practice [Huq, 2008] was to investigate the meaning of employee empowerment both at the conceptual and practice levels.  An interpretivist approach employing qualitative methods was adopted; it involved conducting two in-depth information-rich case studies, described in this paper as Large Organisation and Small Organisation respectively. The knowledge drawn from the management literature review proved unsatisfactory, hence this author felt the need to conduct a multi-disciplinary research review in order to draw knowledge from another discipline, namely social work [Huq 2008; 2015], where empowerment is an important construct.  However, it is important to note that due to limited space, this author is unable to go into details of both the literature reviews, management and social work, in this paper.It is sufficient for this paper to report that a number of ‘themes’ of employee empowerment exist, but they are fragmented in the management literature. These ‘themes’ are not found in any one place, which leads to confusion when organisations try to implement employee empowerment.  Furthermore, there is a gap with regards to the knowledge of employee empowerment in the management literature and it is important to look at another discipline to get a fuller understanding of ‘empowerment’. A multi-disciplinary literature review thus enabled this author to put together themes of empowerment from the management and social work literature that are relevant to employee empowerment.  These seven themes of employee empowerment are as follows: power-sharing, participative decision-making, devolution of responsibility, people-oriented leadership style, access to information, collaboration and enablement, described as a ‘kaleidoscope of themes’Huq’s Model C, [Huq, 2015], as illustrated in the ‘Introduction’ section of this paper. One of the conclusions of this research is that leaders and managers need to pay attention to the impact of participative decision-making with regards to empowering employees, which has significant implications for human resource management and if implemented properly can lead to a more judicious utilisation of human resources at all levels.

Abstract 14497: Mri Effects on Pacemaker/ICD Within the Magnetic Field; An Intra-observer Variability Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W Biederman ◽  
Loretta Gevenosky ◽  
Geetha Rayarao ◽  
RONALD WILLIAMS ◽  
Richard Lombardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
High Field ◽  
Meaningful Use ◽  
Observer Variability ◽  
Intrinsic Variability ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Clinical Routine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Variability Study ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Introduction: The evolution of pacemaker/ICD safety in the magnetic field has triggered considerable interest in more clinical routine use. However, many limitations to widespread adoption of this seemingly implausible idea just a few years ago remain: unresolved impact of the high magnetic field, RF amplitude and oscillatory forces on electronics with possible high field damage to capacitor, solenoid and microcircuitry. However, given recent vender refinements over the last 10 years, we hypothesized that the impact on such circuitry may be far less than expected. Method: Consecutive interrogation of 940 pts who underwent clinically indicated MRI were evaluated over 5 years. This cohort was comprised of neuro/neurosurgical (72%), orthopedic (11%) and cardiac (17%) cases. Routine interrogation was performed within 10 min of entry into the bore of a dedicated Cardiac MRI (GE, 1.5T, WI). As well, reinterrogation was performed within 10 min of departure MRI (average 21±12min). At the time of interrogation pre and post MRI, a separate, repeat interrogation was performed within 5 min of each other such that 2 sets of PM/ICD parameters were obtained pre and post MRI. Result: No complications to either pt or device occurred during the MRI comprising 564 PMs and 376 ICDs. A cardiologist was present guiding the interrogation, configuration, and reconfiguration of the PM/ICD as well was present for entire MRI. There were no significant differences in common clinical parameters. More importantly, there was no difference in any parameter when compared in any order pre to post MRI scan. See Table. Conclusion: Intrinsic variability and inherent changes triggered by MRI environments are clinically insignificant and statistically negligible thereby removing yet another of the last remaining fears and apprehensions for primary PM/ICD failure and destruction as we move towards a more uniform acceptance of this technology for clinically meaningful use, dissemination and acceptance.

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