Pointing in Three-Dimensional Space

Perception ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 136-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Schoumans ◽  
A C Sittig ◽  
J J D van der Gon
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frontoparallel Plane ◽  
Goal Object ◽  
Pointing Task ◽  
Alignment Task ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Independent Tasks ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

We studied the localisation of objects in three-dimensional space. We had subjects direct a small pointer towards a small goal object, from 20 positions on a virtual sphere around the goal. Images of the pointer and the goal were generated by presenting computer images to the subject's left and right eye alternately. The distance between the goal and pointer was approximately 10 deg arc, the length of the pointer was approximately 2 deg arc. Subjects could manipulate the pointer by pressing specific keys on the keyboard. We tested 7 subjects. The adjustments were repeated 5 – 7 times, which resulted in a cluster of indicated directions for each of the 20 pointer positions and each subject. These clusters appeared to lie in a plane perpendicular to the frontoparallel plane. In other words, the variance in the in-depth component of the adjustments was considerably larger than the frontoparallel component. Subjects showed consistent and individual deviations in the in-depth adjustments. All subjects showed very similar constant deviations in the frontoparallel components of the adjustments. These constant deviations proved comparable to the deviations demonstrated earlier in a three-dot alignment task in the frontoparallel plane. We conclude that the three-dimensional pointing task can be seen as a combination of two independent tasks: an in-depth adjustment and a frontoparallel task.

THREE-D SINGLETONS AND 2-D C.F.T.

1992 ◽  
Vol 07 (10) ◽  
pp. 2193-2206 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. HARUN AR-RASHID ◽  
C. FRONSDAL ◽  
M. FLATO
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Alternative Formulation ◽  
Boundary Values ◽  
Witten Theory ◽  
Space Time Structure ◽  
Dimensional Space Time ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Two-dimensional Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten theory is extended to three dimensions, where it becomes a scalar gauge theory of the singleton type. The three-dimensional formulation involves a scalar field valued in a compact group G, a Nakanishi-Lautrup field valued in Lie (G) and Faddeev-Popov ghosts. The physical sector, characterized by the vanishing of the Nakanishi-Lautrup field, coincides with the WZNW theory of the group G. Three-dimensional space-time structure involves a generalized metric, but only its boundary values are of consequence. An alternative formulation in terms of left and right movers (in three dimensions!) is also possible.

Stereokinesis with Moving Visual Phantoms

Perception ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Bressan ◽  
Giorgio Vallortigara
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Circular Ring ◽  
Frontoparallel Plane ◽  
Flat Pattern ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

When a flat pattern composed of a solid ellipse with two symmetrical semirings (corresponding to the visible parts of a contour ellipse whose major axis is perpendicular to that of the solid ellipse) is slowly rotated in the frontoparallel plane, a compelling three-dimensional impression occurs. Subjects report seeing an egg-shaped object that is inserted into a circular ring: the two objects move solidly into three-dimensional space and a moving visual phantom is generated so that the ring appears completed by an illusory curved bar in the region closest to the observer during rotation. A number of variations of this illusion are presented. It is shown that stereokinetic phantoms (i) maintain the shape of the inducing elements; (ii) appear only after the stereokinetic transformation has taken place; and (iii) depend on the organization of the three-dimensional percept as a whole. Relations between stereokinetic phantoms and other completion phenomena are presented and discussed.

Extension of the Spatial PDI Model to Three Dimensions

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-178
Author(s):  
Frank O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Finite Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Lower And Upper Bounds ◽  
Density Index ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The author's population density index ( PDI) model is extended to three-dimensional distributions. A derived formula is presented that allows for the calculation of the lower and upper bounds of density in three-dimensional space for any finite lattice.

A Peptoid with Extended Shape in Water

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumpei Morimoto ◽  
Yasuhiro Fukuda ◽  
Takumu Watanabe ◽  
Daisuke Kuroda ◽  
Kouhei Tsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomolecular Recognition ◽  
Biological Application ◽  
New Class ◽  
Proteolytic Resistance ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Optically Pure ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

<div> <div> <div> <p>“Peptoids” was proposed, over decades ago, as a term describing analogs of peptides that exhibit better physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties than peptides. Oligo-(N-substituted glycines) (oligo-NSG) was previously proposed as a peptoid due to its high proteolytic resistance and membrane permeability. However, oligo-NSG is conformationally flexible and is difficult to achieve a defined shape in water. This conformational flexibility is severely limiting biological application of oligo-NSG. Here, we propose oligo-(N-substituted alanines) (oligo-NSA) as a new peptoid that forms a defined shape in water. A synthetic method established in this study enabled the first isolation and conformational study of optically pure oligo-NSA. Computational simulations, crystallographic studies and spectroscopic analysis demonstrated the well-defined extended shape of oligo-NSA realized by backbone steric effects. The new class of peptoid achieves the constrained conformation without any assistance of N-substituents and serves as an ideal scaffold for displaying functional groups in well-defined three-dimensional space, which leads to effective biomolecular recognition. </p> </div> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Quantitative image analysis of microbial communities with BiofilmQ

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimo Hartmann ◽  
Hannah Jeckel ◽  
Eric Jelli ◽  
Praveen K. Singh ◽  
Sanika Vaidya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Image Cytometry ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

AbstractBiofilms are microbial communities that represent a highly abundant form of microbial life on Earth. Inside biofilms, phenotypic and genotypic variations occur in three-dimensional space and time; microscopy and quantitative image analysis are therefore crucial for elucidating their functions. Here, we present BiofilmQ—a comprehensive image cytometry software tool for the automated and high-throughput quantification, analysis and visualization of numerous biofilm-internal and whole-biofilm properties in three-dimensional space and time.

scholarly journals How Can I Grab That?

i-com ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-85
Author(s):  
Matthias Weise ◽  
Raphael Zender ◽  
Ulrike Lucke
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Application Developers ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

AbstractThe selection and manipulation of objects in Virtual Reality face application developers with a substantial challenge as they need to ensure a seamless interaction in three-dimensional space. Assessing the advantages and disadvantages of selection and manipulation techniques in specific scenarios and regarding usability and user experience is a mandatory task to find suitable forms of interaction. In this article, we take a look at the most common issues arising in the interaction with objects in VR. We present a taxonomy allowing the classification of techniques regarding multiple dimensions. The issues are then associated with these dimensions. Furthermore, we analyze the results of a study comparing multiple selection techniques and present a tool allowing developers of VR applications to search for appropriate selection and manipulation techniques and to get scenario dependent suggestions based on the data of the executed study.

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